Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when ta...Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges.To effectively address these challenges,this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction(DR).Building upon particle swarm optimization(PSO)and differential evolution(DE),the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed.In the proposed methods,the modified principal components analysis(PCA)is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables,thereby decreasing computational costs.The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic execution of modified PCA after a fixed number of iterations,resulting in the important dimensions being dynamically identified.Compared with the static one,the dynamic DR strategy can achieve precise identification of important dimensions,thereby enabling accelerated convergence toward optimal solutions.Furthermore,the influence of cumulative contribution rate thresholds on optimization problems with different dimensions is investigated.Metaheuristic algorithms(PSO,DE)and cooperative metaheuristics(C-PSO,C-DE)are examined by 15 benchmark functions and two engineering design problems(speed reducer and composite pressure vessel).Comparative results demonstrate that the cooperative methods achieve significantly superior performance compared to standard methods in both solution accuracy and computational efficiency.Compared to standard metaheuristic algorithms,cooperative metaheuristics achieve a reduction in computational cost of at least 40%.The cooperative metaheuristics can be effectively used to tackle both high-dimensional unconstrained and constrained optimization problems.展开更多
Developing high-efficient and low-loading Pt based catalyst is significant for the electrocatalytic p Huniversal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). Herein, the molybdenum carbide nanoparticles supported on the polyhedr...Developing high-efficient and low-loading Pt based catalyst is significant for the electrocatalytic p Huniversal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). Herein, the molybdenum carbide nanoparticles supported on the polyhedral N-doped carbon nanotube skeleton(Mo C/NCT) composite has been synthesized by a pyrolysis of polyacid organo-metallic phosphate framework precursor. Then, only 2.15 wt% Pt are loaded on the Mo C/NCT to form Pt-Mo C/NCT catalyst, which performs superior HER activity and stability in entire p H range. Specially, the overpotentials of 22 and 74 m V are respectively attained at 10 m A/cm^(2) in1.0 mol/L KOH and 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4) electrolytes, approaching or even exceeding commercial Pt/C. More importantly, it can be used as excellent catalyst for efficient hydrogen production at 0–14 p H range. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations demonstrate that the interaction between Mo C and Pt leads to the electron redistribution at the corresponding interfaces and the downward shift of the d-band centers, thus optimizing H*adsorption and desorption for promoting the HER activity. Besides, the unique three-dimensional network structure is conductive to the transmission of mass and electrons. In the application of both alkaline and acidic electrolysers, only 1.52 V voltage of solar panel can drive a hydrogen production current density of 10 m A/cm^(2).展开更多
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)is a prevalent malignancy that afflicts the head and neck area and presents a high incidence of metastasis and invasion.Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for ...Tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)is a prevalent malignancy that afflicts the head and neck area and presents a high incidence of metastasis and invasion.Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the survival rates of TSCC patients.The current treatment modalities for TSCC frequently suffer from a lack of specificity and efficacy.Nanoparticles with diagnostic and photothermal therapeutic properties may offer a new approach for the targeted therapy of TSCC.However,inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site diminishes the efficacy of photothermal therapy(PTT).This study modified gold nanodots(AuNDs)with the TSCC-targeting peptide HN-1 to improve the selectivity and therapeutic effects of PTT.The Au-HN-1 nanosystem effectively targeted the TSCC cells and was rapidly delivered to the tumor tissues compared to the AuN Ds.The enhanced accumulation of photosensitizing agents at tumor sites achieved significant PTT effects in a mouse model of TSCC.Moreover,owing to its stable long-term fluorescence and high X-ray attenuation coefficient,the Au-HN-1 nanosystem can be used for fluorescence and computed tomography imaging of TSCC,rendering it useful for early tumor detection and accurate delineation of surgical margins.In conclusion,Au-HN-1 represents a promising nanomedicine for imaging-based diagnosis and targeted PTT of TSCC.展开更多
Developing effective strategy for constructing the electrocatalysts enable tri-functional electrocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)i...Developing effective strategy for constructing the electrocatalysts enable tri-functional electrocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is the premise to achieve both the zinc-air battery(ZAB)and overall water splitting.Herein,we utilize density functional theory to calculate the cobalt nitride(Co_(x)N,x=1,2,4,5.47)system,revealing that the Co_(5.47)N maybe exhibits a tri-functional activity due to the diverse valence states and high-density d-electron state of Co site.Furthermore,the electron of Co site is further delocalized by the electronic compensation effect of vanadium nitride(VN),thus improving the intermediates absorption and electrocatalytic activity.Accordingly,the Co_(5.47)N/VN heterojunction is designed and synthesized via an electrospinning and a subsequent pyrolysis route.As expected,it displays excellent HER,OER,and ORR activity in alkaline electrolyte,which can be applied to assemble ZAB with a high power density of 207mW/cm^(2)and overall water splitting system only requires a lower voltage of 1.53 V to achieve 10mA/cm^(2).The electron regulation effect of VN makes the Co valence state decrease in the reduction reaction whereas increase in the oxidization reaction as evidenced by quasi-operando XPS analyses.Importantly,two ZABs connected in series could drive overall water splitting,indicating the potential application in renewable energy technologies.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)-based implants have been clinically proven to fulfill long-term service requirements,but their passive degradation periods remain to be uncontrollable.Herein,we developed a novel near infrared(NIR)-respo...Magnesium(Mg)-based implants have been clinically proven to fulfill long-term service requirements,but their passive degradation periods remain to be uncontrollable.Herein,we developed a novel near infrared(NIR)-responsive coating on a Mg-Ag-Mn alloy with controllable biodegradation enhanced by air release.The coating exhibits a bi-layered structure,in which the outer layer consists of polycaprolactone(PCL)with the addition of nano-sized polypyrrole(PPy)particles for NIR response,whereas the inner layer is a porous ceramic film produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).In particular,the porous structure of PEO film was proposed as a carrier for entrapped air to form the“air bomb”.Without NIR irradiation,the coating possesses a dense and homogeneous microstructure and exhibits excellent long-term durability in saline.Under the NIR irradiation,the PCL resin transforms from a rubbery state to a viscous state promoted by the photothermal action of PPy,while the thermal-expanded air in PEO film escapes from the PCL resin,resulting in macroscopic defects across the coating.This phenomenon leads to a change in the function of Mg alloy from"anti-corrosion"to"biodegradation".This work is expected to provide a new strategy for optimizing the service time of Mg-based implants.展开更多
Objective:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has complex genetic underpinnings.Previous genome-wide association studies(GWASs)have identified many loci associated with neuroblast...Objective:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has complex genetic underpinnings.Previous genome-wide association studies(GWASs)have identified many loci associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility;however,their application in risk prediction for Chinese children has not been systematically explored.This study seeks to enhance neuroblastoma risk prediction by validating these loci and evaluating their performance in polygenic risk models.Methods:We validated 35 GWAS-identified neuroblastoma susceptibility loci in a cohort of Chinese children,consisting of 402 neuroblastoma patients and 473 healthy controls.Genotyping these polymorphisms was conducted via the TaqMan method.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed the genetic loci significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk.We constructed polygenic risk models by combining these loci and assessed their predictive performance via area under the curve(AUC)analysis.We also established a polygenic risk scoring(PRS)model for risk prediction by adopting the PLINK method.Results:Fourteen loci,including ten protective polymorphisms from CASC15,BARD1,LMO1,HSD17B12,and HACE1,and four risk variants from BARD1,RSRC1,CPZ and MMP20 were significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk.Compared with single-gene model,the 8-gene model(AUC=0.72)and 13-gene model(AUC=0.73)demonstrated superior predictive performance.Additionally,a PRS incorporating six significant loci achieved an AUC of 0.66,effectively stratifying individuals into distinct risk categories regarding neuroblastoma susceptibility.A higher PRS was significantly associated with advanced International Neuroblastoma Staging System(INSS)stages,suggesting its potential for clinical risk stratification.Conclusions:Our findings validate multiple loci as neuroblastoma risk factors in Chinese children and demonstrate the utility of polygenic risk models,particularly the PRS,in improving risk prediction.These results suggest that integrating multiple genetic variants into a PRS can enhance neuroblastoma risk stratification and potentially improve early diagnosis by guiding targeted screening programs for high-risk children.展开更多
The complex skin structure and insufficient intracellular entrapment limit the therapeutic effects of active substances,therefore appealing to a more effective transdermal drug delivery system design.Herein,a hyaluron...The complex skin structure and insufficient intracellular entrapment limit the therapeutic effects of active substances,therefore appealing to a more effective transdermal drug delivery system design.Herein,a hyaluronic acid(HA)modified steareth-2-based niosomes(HA-nio)with satisfactory deformability and targeting properties was designed for ergothioneine(EGT)(EGT@HA-nio)against ultraviolet(UV)-induced skin damage.The unique composition allows EGT@HA-nio to exhibit high mechanical softness,making it deformable to pass through the stratum corneum by the intercellular space without rupture.For further intracellular delivery,HA modification enables EGT to target human dermal cells(HDFs)with increased distribution in mitochondria without the restriction of specific EGT transporter-organic cation transporter1(OCTN-1).Benefiting from the above properties,an adequate amount of EGT in the active form was accumulated in the desired cellular sites,alleviating UV-radiation-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,inflammatory factor release,DNA damage,and mitochondrial dysfunction.The in vivo experimental results show that EGT@HA-nio could significantly decrease collagen degradation,restore epidermal thickness and morphology to healthy levels,and effectively prevent UV-induced skin damage.With the ability to penetrate biological barriers and deliver drugs,HA-nio may promote the development of inadequate drug penetration disease treatment including skin diseases,cancers,and bacterial infections.展开更多
Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performa...Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.展开更多
The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour of an AA2024 alloy thin wall structure produced by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)with interpass rolling,focussing on the influence of interpass rolling.It i...The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour of an AA2024 alloy thin wall structure produced by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)with interpass rolling,focussing on the influence of interpass rolling.It is found that although interpass rolling does not change the typical configuration of thin wall structure,i.e.melt pool zone(MPZ),melt pool border(MPB)and heat-affected zone(HAZ),the plastic deformation introduced by interpass rolling leads to the variation of grain-stored energy across the structure,which consequently results in the highest corrosion susceptibility of MPB due to its relatively high stored energy.展开更多
Magnesium implants have received widespread attention in orthopaedic surgery.However,the mechanical degradation and concurrent inflammation caused by the rapid corrosion of Mg limits their applications.In this study,a...Magnesium implants have received widespread attention in orthopaedic surgery.However,the mechanical degradation and concurrent inflammation caused by the rapid corrosion of Mg limits their applications.In this study,a kind of unique core-shell heterojunction CuS@PPy nanostructures was synthesized and then incorporated in polycaprolactone(PCL)to construct an intelligent coating(CuS@PPy/PCL)on micro-arc-oxidized Mg implants.The PCL-based coating can realize near-infrared(NIR)-driven antibacterial and controllable Mg dissolution according to different bone healing stages.At the beginning of bone remodelling,the coating exhibits promising antibacterial properties with 99.67%and 99.17%efficacy against S.aureus and E.coli,respectively,thanks to the singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))and alkoxyl radicals(RO·)generated by the photodynamic effect of CuS@PPy heterojunction under low-power NIR light(1.5 W/cm^(2)).In the bone reparative stage,the PCL-based coating can maintain high corrosion resistance to meet the mechanical requirements of Mg implants in human body fluid.However,after the complete rehabilitation of bones,through a high-power(2 W/cm^(2))NIR light,the PCL-based coating changed from an elastic to a viscous flow state(44.7℃)under the photothermal effects of CuS@PPy,leading to quick degradation of the PCL-based coating and following accelerating dissolution of the Mg implant(avoiding secondary surgery).Hopefully,this NIR-responsive coating may provide an innovative method for the antibacterial and controllable dissolution of Mg implants.展开更多
The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50...The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50 million for a suitable team of schools per year under the condition of avoiding repeated other large grant organizations’ investment. The DEA (Data Estimate Analysis) model is developed to determine an optimal investment strategy for the Goodgrant Foundation. In this paper, two questions were solved: how to choose a suitable team of schools and how to allocate the investment. Before the establishment of the model, the EXCEL software is used to preprocess data. Then the DEA model which includes two models in the paper is developed. For the first question, the CCR model is established to rank schools which used efficiency from DEAP 2.1. For the second question, the resource allocation model is established to allocate investment amount by weights of allocation from MATLAB software. Accordingly, the optimal investment strategy is received for the Goodgrant Foundation. Through the analysis above, 23 from 293 schools are selected to invest. Then the schools are ranked and the investment of US 50 million for 23 schools is allocated.展开更多
Staygreen syndrome or Zhengqing in soybean has recently become a major issue for Chinese growers in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin.Although previous studies revealed that staygreen can be induced when pods/seeds are d...Staygreen syndrome or Zhengqing in soybean has recently become a major issue for Chinese growers in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin.Although previous studies revealed that staygreen can be induced when pods/seeds are damaged, it is unknown whether virus infection or insect infestation causes staygreen.To determine whether viral infection causes staygreen, a survey of soybean staygreen incidence in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin was conducted in 2016 and 2017.Diseased samples were collected and analyzed using DAS-ELISA for Soybean mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Bean common mosaic virus.The survey showed that the severity of soybean staygreen syndrome was most prevalent in Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, and some parts of Shandong provinces, with yield losses from 0 to nearly 100%, but only a small fraction of samples were positive for the tested viruses.A field cage experiment and an insecticide treatment field trial were conducted to determine the contribution of the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, to staygreen incidence.The field cage experiment showed that R.pedestris treatment resulted in shorter plants, more empty pods, increased numbers of abnormal seeds, and decreased yields.The field experiment showed that there were fewer R.pedestris and less soybean staygreen incidence in fields treated with insecticide than in untreated control fields.Together, these results suggest that R.pedestris infestation rather than virus infection induces staygreen syndrome and that growers in this region can mitigate staygreen syndrome via bean bug control.展开更多
Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf sen...Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf senescence by conducting pod removal and seed injury experiments.Pod removal and seed injury delayed leaf senescence and caused the staygreen phenotype of leaves.There were dosage effects of pod number on the extent of staygreen in depodded plants.The concentrations of chlorophyll(SPAD value,an index of relative chlorophyll content),soluble protein,and soluble sugar in the leaves of depodded plants were higher than those of intact plants.During seed development,the content of IAA decreased,while that of ABA increased.This trend was more pronounced in intact than in depodded and seed-injured plants.The GA3/ABA ratio decreased gradually in all treatments.The content of GA3 was relatively stable and was higher in intact than in depodded plants.The expression levels of four senescence-related genes,Gm SARK,Gm SGR1,Gm CYN1,and Gm NAC,declined in depodded or seed-injured treatments and were positively correlated with the number of leaves retained on plants.Gm FT2 a,the major flowering-promoting gene,was expressed at a higher level while E1,a key flowering inhibitory gene,was expressed at a lower level in depodded than in intact plants.We propose that the pod or seed can regulate leaf development.When the seed is aborted owing to disease infection or pest attack,the leaves stay green because of the absence of the seed signals for senescence.展开更多
The lateral hypothalamic area(LHA)plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition,in which orexinergic neurons,GABAergic neurons,and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved.Glutamatergic neurons...The lateral hypothalamic area(LHA)plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition,in which orexinergic neurons,GABAergic neurons,and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved.Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA,but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored.Here,we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice.In contrast,chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery.Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram(EEG)and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern.Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula(LHb)also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level.Collectively,LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.展开更多
N6-methyladenosine(m6A)represents the most abundantly occurring m RNA modification and is involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.However,the status and function of m6A methylation in prenatal myogen...N6-methyladenosine(m6A)represents the most abundantly occurring m RNA modification and is involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.However,the status and function of m6A methylation in prenatal myogenesis remains unclear.In this study,we first demonstrated that knockdown of METTL14,an m6A methyltransferase,inhibited the differentiation and promoted the proliferation of C2 C12 myoblast cells.Then,using a refined m6A-specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)with next generation sequencing(Me RIP-seq)method that is optimal for use with samples containing small amounts of RNA,we performed transcriptome-wide m6A profiling for six prenatal skeletal muscle developmental stages spanning two important waves of porcine myogenesis.The results revealed that,along with a continuous decrease in the m RNA expression of the m6A reader protein insulin-like growth factor 2 m RNA-binding protein 1(IGF2 BP1),the m6A methylome underwent highly dynamic changes across different development stages,with most of the affected genes being enriched in pathways related to skeletal muscle development.RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed that IGF2 BP1 targets 76 genes involved in pathways associated with muscle development,including the key marker genes MYH2 and Myo G.Moreover,small interfering RNA(si RNA)-mediated knockdown of IGF2 BP1 induced phenotypic changes in C2C12 myoblasts similar to those observed with knockdown of METTL14.In conclusion,we clarified the dynamics of m6A methylation and identified key genes involved in the regulatory network of porcine skeletal muscle development.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12402142,11832013 and 11572134)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFB235)+1 种基金Hubei Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project(No.Q20221714)the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Digital Textile Equipment(Nos.DTL2023019 and DTL2022012).
文摘Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges.To effectively address these challenges,this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction(DR).Building upon particle swarm optimization(PSO)and differential evolution(DE),the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed.In the proposed methods,the modified principal components analysis(PCA)is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables,thereby decreasing computational costs.The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic execution of modified PCA after a fixed number of iterations,resulting in the important dimensions being dynamically identified.Compared with the static one,the dynamic DR strategy can achieve precise identification of important dimensions,thereby enabling accelerated convergence toward optimal solutions.Furthermore,the influence of cumulative contribution rate thresholds on optimization problems with different dimensions is investigated.Metaheuristic algorithms(PSO,DE)and cooperative metaheuristics(C-PSO,C-DE)are examined by 15 benchmark functions and two engineering design problems(speed reducer and composite pressure vessel).Comparative results demonstrate that the cooperative methods achieve significantly superior performance compared to standard methods in both solution accuracy and computational efficiency.Compared to standard metaheuristic algorithms,cooperative metaheuristics achieve a reduction in computational cost of at least 40%.The cooperative metaheuristics can be effectively used to tackle both high-dimensional unconstrained and constrained optimization problems.
基金the support of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22179034)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. ZD2023B002)。
文摘Developing high-efficient and low-loading Pt based catalyst is significant for the electrocatalytic p Huniversal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). Herein, the molybdenum carbide nanoparticles supported on the polyhedral N-doped carbon nanotube skeleton(Mo C/NCT) composite has been synthesized by a pyrolysis of polyacid organo-metallic phosphate framework precursor. Then, only 2.15 wt% Pt are loaded on the Mo C/NCT to form Pt-Mo C/NCT catalyst, which performs superior HER activity and stability in entire p H range. Specially, the overpotentials of 22 and 74 m V are respectively attained at 10 m A/cm^(2) in1.0 mol/L KOH and 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4) electrolytes, approaching or even exceeding commercial Pt/C. More importantly, it can be used as excellent catalyst for efficient hydrogen production at 0–14 p H range. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations demonstrate that the interaction between Mo C and Pt leads to the electron redistribution at the corresponding interfaces and the downward shift of the d-band centers, thus optimizing H*adsorption and desorption for promoting the HER activity. Besides, the unique three-dimensional network structure is conductive to the transmission of mass and electrons. In the application of both alkaline and acidic electrolysers, only 1.52 V voltage of solar panel can drive a hydrogen production current density of 10 m A/cm^(2).
基金supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant/Award Numbers:20240305037YY)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2400603)+1 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20269)the Jilin University young teachers and students cross-disciplinary training project(Grant No.2023-JCXK-08,2024-JCXK-07)。
文摘Tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)is a prevalent malignancy that afflicts the head and neck area and presents a high incidence of metastasis and invasion.Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the survival rates of TSCC patients.The current treatment modalities for TSCC frequently suffer from a lack of specificity and efficacy.Nanoparticles with diagnostic and photothermal therapeutic properties may offer a new approach for the targeted therapy of TSCC.However,inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site diminishes the efficacy of photothermal therapy(PTT).This study modified gold nanodots(AuNDs)with the TSCC-targeting peptide HN-1 to improve the selectivity and therapeutic effects of PTT.The Au-HN-1 nanosystem effectively targeted the TSCC cells and was rapidly delivered to the tumor tissues compared to the AuN Ds.The enhanced accumulation of photosensitizing agents at tumor sites achieved significant PTT effects in a mouse model of TSCC.Moreover,owing to its stable long-term fluorescence and high X-ray attenuation coefficient,the Au-HN-1 nanosystem can be used for fluorescence and computed tomography imaging of TSCC,rendering it useful for early tumor detection and accurate delineation of surgical margins.In conclusion,Au-HN-1 represents a promising nanomedicine for imaging-based diagnosis and targeted PTT of TSCC.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20250,22279030,22179034)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2023B002).
文摘Developing effective strategy for constructing the electrocatalysts enable tri-functional electrocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is the premise to achieve both the zinc-air battery(ZAB)and overall water splitting.Herein,we utilize density functional theory to calculate the cobalt nitride(Co_(x)N,x=1,2,4,5.47)system,revealing that the Co_(5.47)N maybe exhibits a tri-functional activity due to the diverse valence states and high-density d-electron state of Co site.Furthermore,the electron of Co site is further delocalized by the electronic compensation effect of vanadium nitride(VN),thus improving the intermediates absorption and electrocatalytic activity.Accordingly,the Co_(5.47)N/VN heterojunction is designed and synthesized via an electrospinning and a subsequent pyrolysis route.As expected,it displays excellent HER,OER,and ORR activity in alkaline electrolyte,which can be applied to assemble ZAB with a high power density of 207mW/cm^(2)and overall water splitting system only requires a lower voltage of 1.53 V to achieve 10mA/cm^(2).The electron regulation effect of VN makes the Co valence state decrease in the reduction reaction whereas increase in the oxidization reaction as evidenced by quasi-operando XPS analyses.Importantly,two ZABs connected in series could drive overall water splitting,indicating the potential application in renewable energy technologies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371065)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023AFB637).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)-based implants have been clinically proven to fulfill long-term service requirements,but their passive degradation periods remain to be uncontrollable.Herein,we developed a novel near infrared(NIR)-responsive coating on a Mg-Ag-Mn alloy with controllable biodegradation enhanced by air release.The coating exhibits a bi-layered structure,in which the outer layer consists of polycaprolactone(PCL)with the addition of nano-sized polypyrrole(PPy)particles for NIR response,whereas the inner layer is a porous ceramic film produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).In particular,the porous structure of PEO film was proposed as a carrier for entrapped air to form the“air bomb”.Without NIR irradiation,the coating possesses a dense and homogeneous microstructure and exhibits excellent long-term durability in saline.Under the NIR irradiation,the PCL resin transforms from a rubbery state to a viscous state promoted by the photothermal action of PPy,while the thermal-expanded air in PEO film escapes from the PCL resin,resulting in macroscopic defects across the coating.This phenomenon leads to a change in the function of Mg alloy from"anti-corrosion"to"biodegradation".This work is expected to provide a new strategy for optimizing the service time of Mg-based implants.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82173593,32300473)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.2025A04J4537,2025A04J4696)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515220053)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2021K524C).
文摘Objective:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has complex genetic underpinnings.Previous genome-wide association studies(GWASs)have identified many loci associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility;however,their application in risk prediction for Chinese children has not been systematically explored.This study seeks to enhance neuroblastoma risk prediction by validating these loci and evaluating their performance in polygenic risk models.Methods:We validated 35 GWAS-identified neuroblastoma susceptibility loci in a cohort of Chinese children,consisting of 402 neuroblastoma patients and 473 healthy controls.Genotyping these polymorphisms was conducted via the TaqMan method.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed the genetic loci significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk.We constructed polygenic risk models by combining these loci and assessed their predictive performance via area under the curve(AUC)analysis.We also established a polygenic risk scoring(PRS)model for risk prediction by adopting the PLINK method.Results:Fourteen loci,including ten protective polymorphisms from CASC15,BARD1,LMO1,HSD17B12,and HACE1,and four risk variants from BARD1,RSRC1,CPZ and MMP20 were significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk.Compared with single-gene model,the 8-gene model(AUC=0.72)and 13-gene model(AUC=0.73)demonstrated superior predictive performance.Additionally,a PRS incorporating six significant loci achieved an AUC of 0.66,effectively stratifying individuals into distinct risk categories regarding neuroblastoma susceptibility.A higher PRS was significantly associated with advanced International Neuroblastoma Staging System(INSS)stages,suggesting its potential for clinical risk stratification.Conclusions:Our findings validate multiple loci as neuroblastoma risk factors in Chinese children and demonstrate the utility of polygenic risk models,particularly the PRS,in improving risk prediction.These results suggest that integrating multiple genetic variants into a PRS can enhance neuroblastoma risk stratification and potentially improve early diagnosis by guiding targeted screening programs for high-risk children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82222066)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2304104)。
文摘The complex skin structure and insufficient intracellular entrapment limit the therapeutic effects of active substances,therefore appealing to a more effective transdermal drug delivery system design.Herein,a hyaluronic acid(HA)modified steareth-2-based niosomes(HA-nio)with satisfactory deformability and targeting properties was designed for ergothioneine(EGT)(EGT@HA-nio)against ultraviolet(UV)-induced skin damage.The unique composition allows EGT@HA-nio to exhibit high mechanical softness,making it deformable to pass through the stratum corneum by the intercellular space without rupture.For further intracellular delivery,HA modification enables EGT to target human dermal cells(HDFs)with increased distribution in mitochondria without the restriction of specific EGT transporter-organic cation transporter1(OCTN-1).Benefiting from the above properties,an adequate amount of EGT in the active form was accumulated in the desired cellular sites,alleviating UV-radiation-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,inflammatory factor release,DNA damage,and mitochondrial dysfunction.The in vivo experimental results show that EGT@HA-nio could significantly decrease collagen degradation,restore epidermal thickness and morphology to healthy levels,and effectively prevent UV-induced skin damage.With the ability to penetrate biological barriers and deliver drugs,HA-nio may promote the development of inadequate drug penetration disease treatment including skin diseases,cancers,and bacterial infections.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1203400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2441009)。
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371065).
文摘The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour of an AA2024 alloy thin wall structure produced by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)with interpass rolling,focussing on the influence of interpass rolling.It is found that although interpass rolling does not change the typical configuration of thin wall structure,i.e.melt pool zone(MPZ),melt pool border(MPB)and heat-affected zone(HAZ),the plastic deformation introduced by interpass rolling leads to the variation of grain-stored energy across the structure,which consequently results in the highest corrosion susceptibility of MPB due to its relatively high stored energy.
基金support to this work:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.50971064,No.51361004)the Innovative Foundation of HUST(grant 2017KFYXJJ164).
文摘Magnesium implants have received widespread attention in orthopaedic surgery.However,the mechanical degradation and concurrent inflammation caused by the rapid corrosion of Mg limits their applications.In this study,a kind of unique core-shell heterojunction CuS@PPy nanostructures was synthesized and then incorporated in polycaprolactone(PCL)to construct an intelligent coating(CuS@PPy/PCL)on micro-arc-oxidized Mg implants.The PCL-based coating can realize near-infrared(NIR)-driven antibacterial and controllable Mg dissolution according to different bone healing stages.At the beginning of bone remodelling,the coating exhibits promising antibacterial properties with 99.67%and 99.17%efficacy against S.aureus and E.coli,respectively,thanks to the singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))and alkoxyl radicals(RO·)generated by the photodynamic effect of CuS@PPy heterojunction under low-power NIR light(1.5 W/cm^(2)).In the bone reparative stage,the PCL-based coating can maintain high corrosion resistance to meet the mechanical requirements of Mg implants in human body fluid.However,after the complete rehabilitation of bones,through a high-power(2 W/cm^(2))NIR light,the PCL-based coating changed from an elastic to a viscous flow state(44.7℃)under the photothermal effects of CuS@PPy,leading to quick degradation of the PCL-based coating and following accelerating dissolution of the Mg implant(avoiding secondary surgery).Hopefully,this NIR-responsive coating may provide an innovative method for the antibacterial and controllable dissolution of Mg implants.
文摘The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50 million for a suitable team of schools per year under the condition of avoiding repeated other large grant organizations’ investment. The DEA (Data Estimate Analysis) model is developed to determine an optimal investment strategy for the Goodgrant Foundation. In this paper, two questions were solved: how to choose a suitable team of schools and how to allocate the investment. Before the establishment of the model, the EXCEL software is used to preprocess data. Then the DEA model which includes two models in the paper is developed. For the first question, the CCR model is established to rank schools which used efficiency from DEAP 2.1. For the second question, the resource allocation model is established to allocate investment amount by weights of allocation from MATLAB software. Accordingly, the optimal investment strategy is received for the Goodgrant Foundation. Through the analysis above, 23 from 293 schools are selected to invest. Then the schools are ranked and the investment of US 50 million for 23 schools is allocated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101400) to T.HanChina Agriculture Research System (CARS-04) to T.Han and K.Li
文摘Staygreen syndrome or Zhengqing in soybean has recently become a major issue for Chinese growers in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin.Although previous studies revealed that staygreen can be induced when pods/seeds are damaged, it is unknown whether virus infection or insect infestation causes staygreen.To determine whether viral infection causes staygreen, a survey of soybean staygreen incidence in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin was conducted in 2016 and 2017.Diseased samples were collected and analyzed using DAS-ELISA for Soybean mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Bean common mosaic virus.The survey showed that the severity of soybean staygreen syndrome was most prevalent in Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, and some parts of Shandong provinces, with yield losses from 0 to nearly 100%, but only a small fraction of samples were positive for the tested viruses.A field cage experiment and an insecticide treatment field trial were conducted to determine the contribution of the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, to staygreen incidence.The field cage experiment showed that R.pedestris treatment resulted in shorter plants, more empty pods, increased numbers of abnormal seeds, and decreased yields.The field experiment showed that there were fewer R.pedestris and less soybean staygreen incidence in fields treated with insecticide than in untreated control fields.Together, these results suggest that R.pedestris infestation rather than virus infection induces staygreen syndrome and that growers in this region can mitigate staygreen syndrome via bean bug control.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (No.CARS-04)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program to T.F.Hanthe National Major Project for Breeding of Transgenic Crops (No.2016ZX08004002) to C.H.Guo
文摘Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf senescence by conducting pod removal and seed injury experiments.Pod removal and seed injury delayed leaf senescence and caused the staygreen phenotype of leaves.There were dosage effects of pod number on the extent of staygreen in depodded plants.The concentrations of chlorophyll(SPAD value,an index of relative chlorophyll content),soluble protein,and soluble sugar in the leaves of depodded plants were higher than those of intact plants.During seed development,the content of IAA decreased,while that of ABA increased.This trend was more pronounced in intact than in depodded and seed-injured plants.The GA3/ABA ratio decreased gradually in all treatments.The content of GA3 was relatively stable and was higher in intact than in depodded plants.The expression levels of four senescence-related genes,Gm SARK,Gm SGR1,Gm CYN1,and Gm NAC,declined in depodded or seed-injured treatments and were positively correlated with the number of leaves retained on plants.Gm FT2 a,the major flowering-promoting gene,was expressed at a higher level while E1,a key flowering inhibitory gene,was expressed at a lower level in depodded than in intact plants.We propose that the pod or seed can regulate leaf development.When the seed is aborted owing to disease infection or pest attack,the leaves stay green because of the absence of the seed signals for senescence.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571351,81620108012,81671373,and 81771427)a Discipline Promotion Project of Xijing Hospital(XJZT18MJ33).
文摘The lateral hypothalamic area(LHA)plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition,in which orexinergic neurons,GABAergic neurons,and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved.Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA,but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored.Here,we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice.In contrast,chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery.Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram(EEG)and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern.Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula(LHb)also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level.Collectively,LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation ProgramThe Elite Young Scientists Program of CAAS+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830090)the National Key Project(2016ZX08009003-006)the Shenzhen Dapeng New District Special Fund for Industry Development(KY20180114)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-AGIS5)
文摘N6-methyladenosine(m6A)represents the most abundantly occurring m RNA modification and is involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.However,the status and function of m6A methylation in prenatal myogenesis remains unclear.In this study,we first demonstrated that knockdown of METTL14,an m6A methyltransferase,inhibited the differentiation and promoted the proliferation of C2 C12 myoblast cells.Then,using a refined m6A-specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)with next generation sequencing(Me RIP-seq)method that is optimal for use with samples containing small amounts of RNA,we performed transcriptome-wide m6A profiling for six prenatal skeletal muscle developmental stages spanning two important waves of porcine myogenesis.The results revealed that,along with a continuous decrease in the m RNA expression of the m6A reader protein insulin-like growth factor 2 m RNA-binding protein 1(IGF2 BP1),the m6A methylome underwent highly dynamic changes across different development stages,with most of the affected genes being enriched in pathways related to skeletal muscle development.RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed that IGF2 BP1 targets 76 genes involved in pathways associated with muscle development,including the key marker genes MYH2 and Myo G.Moreover,small interfering RNA(si RNA)-mediated knockdown of IGF2 BP1 induced phenotypic changes in C2C12 myoblasts similar to those observed with knockdown of METTL14.In conclusion,we clarified the dynamics of m6A methylation and identified key genes involved in the regulatory network of porcine skeletal muscle development.
