Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)attract broad interests in mercury(Hg)ion adsorption field,while unreasonable distribution of active groups commonly restricts their utilization efficiency.In this work,we constructed a n...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)attract broad interests in mercury(Hg)ion adsorption field,while unreasonable distribution of active groups commonly restricts their utilization efficiency.In this work,we constructed a new MOF(TYUST-6)with dense thiol-rich traps in the 1D pore wall.This accessible channel and rational distribution of thiols allow the smooth diffusion of Hg ions and thereby result in a high Langmuir adsorption capacity of 1347.6 mg/g,almost reaching the theoretical maximum(1444.3 mg/g).Adsorption equilibrium needs 10 and 30 min at the initial concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/L,respectively.Common co-existing ions and solution pH show almost negligible interferences on the adsorption,and adsorbent regeneration can be well achieved.Combining experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations,the thiol groups in the pore wall are proved to be the dominant interaction sites.Thus,this work reports a novel high-capacity adsorbent for Hg^(2+),and proposes a feasible guideline for designing effective adsorbents.展开更多
A cryogenic visible calibration and image evaluation facility(VCCIEF) was constructed to assess the effectiveness of electrical capacitance tomography systems in cryogenic conditions,known as Cryo-ECT.This facility wa...A cryogenic visible calibration and image evaluation facility(VCCIEF) was constructed to assess the effectiveness of electrical capacitance tomography systems in cryogenic conditions,known as Cryo-ECT.This facility was utilized to conduct dynamic,real-time imaging trials with liquid nitrogen(LN2).The actual flow patterns were captured using a camera and contrasted with the imaging outcomes.The capacitance data collected from these experiments were subsequently processed using three distinct methods:linear back projection,Landweber iteration,a fully connected deep neural network,and a convolutional neural network.This allowed for a comparative analysis of the performance of these algorithms in practical scenarios.The findings from the LN2 experiments demonstrated that the Cryo-ECT system,when integrated with the VCCIEF,was capable of successfully executing calibration,generating flow patterns,and performing imaging tasks.The system provided observable,clear,and precise phase distributions of the liquid nitrogen-vaporous nitrogenflow within the pipeline.展开更多
Ultrathin corrugated metallic structures have been proved to support spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on two-dimension (2D) planar microwave circuits.However,to provide stronger field confinement,larger wid...Ultrathin corrugated metallic structures have been proved to support spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on two-dimension (2D) planar microwave circuits.However,to provide stronger field confinement,larger width of strip is required to load deeper grooves,which is cumbersome in modern large-scale integrated circuits and chips.In this work,a new spoof SPP transmission line (TL) with zigzag grooves is proposed.This new structure can achieve stronger field confinement compared to conventional one with the same strip width.In other words,the proposed spoof SPP TL behaves equivalently to a conventional one with much larger size.Dispersion analysis theoretically indicates the negative correlation between the ability of field confinement and cutoff frequencies of spoof SPP TLs.Numerical simulations indicate that the cutoff frequency of the proposed TL is lower than the conventional one and can be easily modified with the fixed size.Furthermore,two samples of the new and conventional spoof SPP TLs are fabricated for experimental demonstration.Measured S-parameters and field distributions verify the ultra-strong ability of field confinement of the proposed spoof SPP TL.Hence,this novel spoof SPP structure with ultra-strong field confinement may find wide applications in microwave and terahertz engineering.展开更多
Understanding the adaptation of organisms to extreme environments is a fascinating topic in biology.Ciliated eukaryotes(ciliates)that inhabit high-salinity environments exhibit remarkable diversity.We revealed various...Understanding the adaptation of organisms to extreme environments is a fascinating topic in biology.Ciliated eukaryotes(ciliates)that inhabit high-salinity environments exhibit remarkable diversity.We revealed various structural and molecular adaptations through a comprehensive investigation of Schmidingerothrix,a ciliate tolerant to salinity levels of up to 25%.One key finding was the presence of a unique microtubule cytoskeleton under the pellicle of Schmidingerothrix,which significantly contributed to its high-salt adaptation.Our results highlight the essential role of coexisting halophilic bacteria in supporting the thriving of ciliates in culture.Contrary to previous studies,our findings indicated an inability to synthesize glycine betaine and ectoine in Schmidingerothrix.However,Schmidingerothrix appears to have expanded its repertoire of phagocytosis-related genes,suggesting a robust mechanism for the uptake and accumulation of compatible solutes via phagocytosis of halophilic bacteria.We expanded our investigation to other high-salt ciliates from different clades and discovered that microtubule cell-shape-supporting cytoskeletons and the phagocytic acquisition of compatible solutes were common strategies for high-salt adaptation.These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how ciliates adapt to high-salt environments and provide valuable insights into the high diversity of heterotrophic protists.展开更多
We present a dynamically reconfigurable spoof surface plasmon polariton(SSPP)waveguide capable of bidirectional switching between perfect absorption and perfect transmission through active control.Nonlinear varactor d...We present a dynamically reconfigurable spoof surface plasmon polariton(SSPP)waveguide capable of bidirectional switching between perfect absorption and perfect transmission through active control.Nonlinear varactor diodes are integrated into the waveguide,enabling degenerate phase matching between pump and signal waves via voltage-tuned dispersion engineering.Three-wave mixing processes are established,allowing bidirectional phase-controlled transitions from destructive to constructive interference.The proposed SSPP waveguide overcomes traditional pumping constraints with its bidirectional configuration,supporting both forward-and backward-propagating pump-signal configurations and permitting signal amplitude modulations at both the transmitter and receiver ends.Experimental characterization demonstrates remarkable signal gain tunability:the forward pumping configuration achieves a dynamic range spanning from−69.50 to+1.04 dB,while the backward configuration spans from−70.49 to+1.45 dB.This work provides new design paradigms for microwave coherent systems and advances the development of reconfigurable electromagnetic devices for adaptive energy harvesting and high-speed signal processing applications.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs),invasive or non-invasive,have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the surroundings.Inspired by the BCI-based rehabi...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs),invasive or non-invasive,have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the surroundings.Inspired by the BCI-based rehabilitation technologies for nerve-system impairments and amputation,we propose an electromagnetic brain-computer-metasurface(EBCM)paradigm,regulated by human’s cognition by brain signals directly and non-invasively.We experimentally show that our EBCM platform can translate human’s mind from evoked potentials of P300-based electroencephalography to digital coding information in the electromagnetic domain non-invasively,which can be further processed and transported by an information metasurface in automated and wireless fashions.Directly wireless communications of the human minds are performed between two EBCM operators with accurate text transmissions.Moreover,several other proof-of-concept mind-control schemes are presented using the same EBCM platform,exhibiting flexibly-customized capabilities of information processing and synthesis like visual-beam scanning,wave modulations,and pattern encoding.展开更多
Solid solution strengthening enhances hardness of metals by introducing solute atoms to create local distortions in base crystal lattice,which impedes dislocation motion and plastic deformation,leading to increased st...Solid solution strengthening enhances hardness of metals by introducing solute atoms to create local distortions in base crystal lattice,which impedes dislocation motion and plastic deformation,leading to increased strength but reduced ductility and toughness.In sharp contrast,superhard materials comprising covalent bonds exhibit high strength but low toughness via a distinct mechanism dictated by brittle bond deformation,showcasing another prominent scenario of classic strength–toughness tradeoff dilemma.Solving this less explored and understood problem presents a formidable challenge that requires a viable strategy of tuning main load-bearing bonds in these strong but brittle materials to achieve concurrent enhancement of the peak stress and related strain range.Here,we demonstrate a chemically tuned solid solution approach that simultaneously enhances hardness and toughness of superhard transition-metal diboride Ta_(1−x)Zr_(x)B_(2).This striking phenomenon is achieved by introducing solute atom Zr that has lower electronegativity than solvent atom Ta to reduce the charge depletion on the main load-bearing B–B bonds during indentation,leading to prolonged deformation that gives rise to notably higher strain range and the corresponding peak stress.This finding highlights the crucial role of properly matched contrasting relative electronegativity of solute and solvent atoms in creating concurrent strengthening and toughening and opens a promising avenue for rational design of enhanced mechanical properties in a large class of transition-metal borides.This strategy of concurrent strength–toughness optimization via solute-atom-induced chemical tuning of the main load-bearing bonding charge is expected to work in broader classes of materials,such as nitrides and carbides.展开更多
Metamaterials and metasurfaces have inspired worldwide interest in the recent two decades due to their extraordinary performance in controlling material parameters and electromagnetic properties.However,most studies o...Metamaterials and metasurfaces have inspired worldwide interest in the recent two decades due to their extraordinary performance in controlling material parameters and electromagnetic properties.However,most studies on metamaterials and metasurfaces are focused on manipulations of electromagnetic fields and waves,because of their analog natures.The concepts of digital coding and programmable metasurfaces proposed in 2014 have opened a new perspective to characterize and design metasurfaces in a digital way,and made it possible to control electromagnetic fields/waves and process digital information simultaneously,yielding the birth of a new direction of information metasurfaces.On the other hand,artificial intelligence(AI)has become more important in automatic designs of metasurfaces.In this review paper,we first show the intrinsic natures and advantages of information metasurfaces,including information operations,programmable and real-time control capabilities,and space–time-coding strategies.Then we introduce the recent advances in designing metasurfaces using AI technologies,and particularly discuss the close combinations of information metasurfaces and AI to generate intelligent metasurfaces.We present self-adaptively smart metasurfaces,AI-based intelligent imagers,microwave cameras,and programmable AI machines based on optical neural networks.Finally,we indicate the challenges,applications,and future directions of information and intelligent metasurfaces.展开更多
Aging is a contributor to liver disease.Hence,the concept of liver aging has become prominent and has attracted considerable interest,but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In our study,the internal me...Aging is a contributor to liver disease.Hence,the concept of liver aging has become prominent and has attracted considerable interest,but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In our study,the internal mechanism of liver aging was explored via multi-omics analysis and molecular experiments to support future targeted therapy.An aged rat liver model was established with D-galactose,and two other senescent hepatocyte models were established by treating HepG2 cells with D-galactose and H2O2.We then performed transcriptomic and metabolomic assays of the aged liver model and transcriptome analyses of the senescent hepatocyte models.In livers,genes related to peroxisomes,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid degradation exhibited down-regulated expression with aging,and the hepatokine Fgf21 expression was positively correlated with the down-regulation of these genes.In senescent hepatocytes,similar to the results found in aged livers,FGF21 expression was also decreased.Moreover,the expressions of cell cycle-related genes were significantly down-regulated,and the down-regulated gene E2F8 was the key cell cycle-regulating transcription factor.We then validated that FGF21 overexpression can protect against liver aging and that FGF21 can attenuate the declines in the antioxidant and regenerative capacities in the aging liver.We successfully validated the results from cellular and animal experiments using human liver and blood samples.Our study indicated that FGF21 is an important target for inhibiting liver aging and suggested that pharmacological prevention of the reduction in FGF21 expression due to aging may be used to treat liver aging-related diseases.展开更多
Energy metabolism is essential for insect metamorphosis. The accumulation and utilization of energy is still not completely clear during larval–pupal metamorphosis of holometabolous insects. We used metabolome and tr...Energy metabolism is essential for insect metamorphosis. The accumulation and utilization of energy is still not completely clear during larval–pupal metamorphosis of holometabolous insects. We used metabolome and transcriptome analysis to reveal key metabolic changes in the fat body and plasma and the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism of Helicoverpa armigera, an important global agricultural insect pest, during larval–pupal metamorphosis. During the feeding stage, activation of aerobic glycolysis provided intermediate metabolites and energy for cell proliferation and lipid synthesis. During the non-feeding stages (the initiation of the wandering stage and the prepupal stage), aerobic glycolysis was suppressed, while, triglyceride degradation was activated in the fat body. The blocking of metabolic pathways in the fat body was probably caused by 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced cell apoptosis. 20-hydroxyecdysone cooperated with carnitine to promote the degradation of triglycerides and the accumulation of acylcarnitines in the hemolymph, allowing rapid transportation and supply of lipids from the fat body to other organs, which provided a valuable reference for revealing the metabolic regulation mechanism of lepidopteran larvae during the last instar. Carnitine and acylcarnitines are first reported to be key factors that mediate the degradation and utilization of lipids during larval–pupal metamorphosis of lepidopteran insects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208230)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202103021223281)。
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)attract broad interests in mercury(Hg)ion adsorption field,while unreasonable distribution of active groups commonly restricts their utilization efficiency.In this work,we constructed a new MOF(TYUST-6)with dense thiol-rich traps in the 1D pore wall.This accessible channel and rational distribution of thiols allow the smooth diffusion of Hg ions and thereby result in a high Langmuir adsorption capacity of 1347.6 mg/g,almost reaching the theoretical maximum(1444.3 mg/g).Adsorption equilibrium needs 10 and 30 min at the initial concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/L,respectively.Common co-existing ions and solution pH show almost negligible interferences on the adsorption,and adsorbent regeneration can be well achieved.Combining experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations,the thiol groups in the pore wall are proved to be the dominant interaction sites.Thus,this work reports a novel high-capacity adsorbent for Hg^(2+),and proposes a feasible guideline for designing effective adsorbents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976177)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4000047)。
文摘A cryogenic visible calibration and image evaluation facility(VCCIEF) was constructed to assess the effectiveness of electrical capacitance tomography systems in cryogenic conditions,known as Cryo-ECT.This facility was utilized to conduct dynamic,real-time imaging trials with liquid nitrogen(LN2).The actual flow patterns were captured using a camera and contrasted with the imaging outcomes.The capacitance data collected from these experiments were subsequently processed using three distinct methods:linear back projection,Landweber iteration,a fully connected deep neural network,and a convolutional neural network.This allowed for a comparative analysis of the performance of these algorithms in practical scenarios.The findings from the LN2 experiments demonstrated that the Cryo-ECT system,when integrated with the VCCIEF,was capable of successfully executing calibration,generating flow patterns,and performing imaging tasks.The system provided observable,clear,and precise phase distributions of the liquid nitrogen-vaporous nitrogenflow within the pipeline.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61871127,61701246,61631007,61571117,61501112,61501117,61522106,61722106,61701107,and 61701108,and 111 Project under Grant No.111-2-05.
文摘Ultrathin corrugated metallic structures have been proved to support spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on two-dimension (2D) planar microwave circuits.However,to provide stronger field confinement,larger width of strip is required to load deeper grooves,which is cumbersome in modern large-scale integrated circuits and chips.In this work,a new spoof SPP transmission line (TL) with zigzag grooves is proposed.This new structure can achieve stronger field confinement compared to conventional one with the same strip width.In other words,the proposed spoof SPP TL behaves equivalently to a conventional one with much larger size.Dispersion analysis theoretically indicates the negative correlation between the ability of field confinement and cutoff frequencies of spoof SPP TLs.Numerical simulations indicate that the cutoff frequency of the proposed TL is lower than the conventional one and can be easily modified with the fixed size.Furthermore,two samples of the new and conventional spoof SPP TLs are fabricated for experimental demonstration.Measured S-parameters and field distributions verify the ultra-strong ability of field confinement of the proposed spoof SPP TL.Hence,this novel spoof SPP structure with ultra-strong field confinement may find wide applications in microwave and terahertz engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122015,31872221,31900339 and 31872206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907400)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB18)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2025202025)supported by the Wuhan Branch,Supercomputing Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinasupported by the National Aquatic Biological Resource Center(NABRC).
文摘Understanding the adaptation of organisms to extreme environments is a fascinating topic in biology.Ciliated eukaryotes(ciliates)that inhabit high-salinity environments exhibit remarkable diversity.We revealed various structural and molecular adaptations through a comprehensive investigation of Schmidingerothrix,a ciliate tolerant to salinity levels of up to 25%.One key finding was the presence of a unique microtubule cytoskeleton under the pellicle of Schmidingerothrix,which significantly contributed to its high-salt adaptation.Our results highlight the essential role of coexisting halophilic bacteria in supporting the thriving of ciliates in culture.Contrary to previous studies,our findings indicated an inability to synthesize glycine betaine and ectoine in Schmidingerothrix.However,Schmidingerothrix appears to have expanded its repertoire of phagocytosis-related genes,suggesting a robust mechanism for the uptake and accumulation of compatible solutes via phagocytosis of halophilic bacteria.We expanded our investigation to other high-salt ciliates from different clades and discovered that microtubule cell-shape-supporting cytoskeletons and the phagocytic acquisition of compatible solutes were common strategies for high-salt adaptation.These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how ciliates adapt to high-salt environments and provide valuable insights into the high diversity of heterotrophic protists.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62271139 and U21A20459)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1404903)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.3304002304D)。
文摘We present a dynamically reconfigurable spoof surface plasmon polariton(SSPP)waveguide capable of bidirectional switching between perfect absorption and perfect transmission through active control.Nonlinear varactor diodes are integrated into the waveguide,enabling degenerate phase matching between pump and signal waves via voltage-tuned dispersion engineering.Three-wave mixing processes are established,allowing bidirectional phase-controlled transitions from destructive to constructive interference.The proposed SSPP waveguide overcomes traditional pumping constraints with its bidirectional configuration,supporting both forward-and backward-propagating pump-signal configurations and permitting signal amplitude modulations at both the transmitter and receiver ends.Experimental characterization demonstrates remarkable signal gain tunability:the forward pumping configuration achieves a dynamic range spanning from−69.50 to+1.04 dB,while the backward configuration spans from−70.49 to+1.45 dB.This work provides new design paradigms for microwave coherent systems and advances the development of reconfigurable electromagnetic devices for adaptive energy harvesting and high-speed signal processing applications.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0700201,2017YFA0700202,and 2017YFA0700203)Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20212002)+9 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871127,61735010,61731010,61890544,61801117,61722106,61701107,61701108,61701246,61631007,61633010,61876064,62076099,61731010,and 11874142)State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,Southeast University,China(K201924)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242018R30001)111 Project(111-2-05)Fund for International Cooperation and Exchange of National Natural Science Foundation of China(61761136007)Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030339001)Key Realm R&D Program of Guangzhou(202007030007)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011773)Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010043)C.-W.Q.acknowledges the financial support from the grant R-261-518-004-720 from Advanced Research and Technology Innovation Centre(ARTIC)。
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs),invasive or non-invasive,have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the surroundings.Inspired by the BCI-based rehabilitation technologies for nerve-system impairments and amputation,we propose an electromagnetic brain-computer-metasurface(EBCM)paradigm,regulated by human’s cognition by brain signals directly and non-invasively.We experimentally show that our EBCM platform can translate human’s mind from evoked potentials of P300-based electroencephalography to digital coding information in the electromagnetic domain non-invasively,which can be further processed and transported by an information metasurface in automated and wireless fashions.Directly wireless communications of the human minds are performed between two EBCM operators with accurate text transmissions.Moreover,several other proof-of-concept mind-control schemes are presented using the same EBCM platform,exhibiting flexibly-customized capabilities of information processing and synthesis like visual-beam scanning,wave modulations,and pattern encoding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51972139)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2020M681031)the Science and Technology Development Program of jilin province(grant no.20210101062JC).
文摘Solid solution strengthening enhances hardness of metals by introducing solute atoms to create local distortions in base crystal lattice,which impedes dislocation motion and plastic deformation,leading to increased strength but reduced ductility and toughness.In sharp contrast,superhard materials comprising covalent bonds exhibit high strength but low toughness via a distinct mechanism dictated by brittle bond deformation,showcasing another prominent scenario of classic strength–toughness tradeoff dilemma.Solving this less explored and understood problem presents a formidable challenge that requires a viable strategy of tuning main load-bearing bonds in these strong but brittle materials to achieve concurrent enhancement of the peak stress and related strain range.Here,we demonstrate a chemically tuned solid solution approach that simultaneously enhances hardness and toughness of superhard transition-metal diboride Ta_(1−x)Zr_(x)B_(2).This striking phenomenon is achieved by introducing solute atom Zr that has lower electronegativity than solvent atom Ta to reduce the charge depletion on the main load-bearing B–B bonds during indentation,leading to prolonged deformation that gives rise to notably higher strain range and the corresponding peak stress.This finding highlights the crucial role of properly matched contrasting relative electronegativity of solute and solvent atoms in creating concurrent strengthening and toughening and opens a promising avenue for rational design of enhanced mechanical properties in a large class of transition-metal borides.This strategy of concurrent strength–toughness optimization via solute-atom-induced chemical tuning of the main load-bearing bonding charge is expected to work in broader classes of materials,such as nitrides and carbides.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0700201,2017YFA0700202,and 2017YFA0700203)the Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20212002)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871127,61735010,61731010,61890544,61801117,61722106,61701107,61701108,61701246,and 61631007)the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,Southeast University,China(K201924),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242022R20017)the 111 Project(111-2-05)the Fund for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61761136007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700761).
文摘Metamaterials and metasurfaces have inspired worldwide interest in the recent two decades due to their extraordinary performance in controlling material parameters and electromagnetic properties.However,most studies on metamaterials and metasurfaces are focused on manipulations of electromagnetic fields and waves,because of their analog natures.The concepts of digital coding and programmable metasurfaces proposed in 2014 have opened a new perspective to characterize and design metasurfaces in a digital way,and made it possible to control electromagnetic fields/waves and process digital information simultaneously,yielding the birth of a new direction of information metasurfaces.On the other hand,artificial intelligence(AI)has become more important in automatic designs of metasurfaces.In this review paper,we first show the intrinsic natures and advantages of information metasurfaces,including information operations,programmable and real-time control capabilities,and space–time-coding strategies.Then we introduce the recent advances in designing metasurfaces using AI technologies,and particularly discuss the close combinations of information metasurfaces and AI to generate intelligent metasurfaces.We present self-adaptively smart metasurfaces,AI-based intelligent imagers,microwave cameras,and programmable AI machines based on optical neural networks.Finally,we indicate the challenges,applications,and future directions of information and intelligent metasurfaces.
基金the Research Unit Project of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-030)the Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory(China)(No.JNL2022002A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(No.226-2023-00107).
文摘Aging is a contributor to liver disease.Hence,the concept of liver aging has become prominent and has attracted considerable interest,but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In our study,the internal mechanism of liver aging was explored via multi-omics analysis and molecular experiments to support future targeted therapy.An aged rat liver model was established with D-galactose,and two other senescent hepatocyte models were established by treating HepG2 cells with D-galactose and H2O2.We then performed transcriptomic and metabolomic assays of the aged liver model and transcriptome analyses of the senescent hepatocyte models.In livers,genes related to peroxisomes,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid degradation exhibited down-regulated expression with aging,and the hepatokine Fgf21 expression was positively correlated with the down-regulation of these genes.In senescent hepatocytes,similar to the results found in aged livers,FGF21 expression was also decreased.Moreover,the expressions of cell cycle-related genes were significantly down-regulated,and the down-regulated gene E2F8 was the key cell cycle-regulating transcription factor.We then validated that FGF21 overexpression can protect against liver aging and that FGF21 can attenuate the declines in the antioxidant and regenerative capacities in the aging liver.We successfully validated the results from cellular and animal experiments using human liver and blood samples.Our study indicated that FGF21 is an important target for inhibiting liver aging and suggested that pharmacological prevention of the reduction in FGF21 expression due to aging may be used to treat liver aging-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2022YFD1400700).
文摘Energy metabolism is essential for insect metamorphosis. The accumulation and utilization of energy is still not completely clear during larval–pupal metamorphosis of holometabolous insects. We used metabolome and transcriptome analysis to reveal key metabolic changes in the fat body and plasma and the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism of Helicoverpa armigera, an important global agricultural insect pest, during larval–pupal metamorphosis. During the feeding stage, activation of aerobic glycolysis provided intermediate metabolites and energy for cell proliferation and lipid synthesis. During the non-feeding stages (the initiation of the wandering stage and the prepupal stage), aerobic glycolysis was suppressed, while, triglyceride degradation was activated in the fat body. The blocking of metabolic pathways in the fat body was probably caused by 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced cell apoptosis. 20-hydroxyecdysone cooperated with carnitine to promote the degradation of triglycerides and the accumulation of acylcarnitines in the hemolymph, allowing rapid transportation and supply of lipids from the fat body to other organs, which provided a valuable reference for revealing the metabolic regulation mechanism of lepidopteran larvae during the last instar. Carnitine and acylcarnitines are first reported to be key factors that mediate the degradation and utilization of lipids during larval–pupal metamorphosis of lepidopteran insects.
