Swine are regarded as“intermediate hosts”or“mixing vessels”of influenza viruses,capable of generating strains with pandemic potential.From 2020 to 2021,we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2 influenza(swH1N2)viru...Swine are regarded as“intermediate hosts”or“mixing vessels”of influenza viruses,capable of generating strains with pandemic potential.From 2020 to 2021,we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2 influenza(swH1N2)viruses in swine farms located in Guangdong,Yunnan,and Guizhou provinces in southern China,as well as Henan and Shandong provinces in northern China.We systematically analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of swH1N2 isolates,and characterized their replication and transmission abilities.The isolated viruses are quadruple reassortant H1N2 viruses containing genes from pdm/09 H1N1(PB2,PB1,PA and NP genes),triple-reassortant swine(NS gene),Eurasian Avian-like(HA and M genes),and recent human H3N2(NA gene)lineages.The NA,PB2,and NP of SW/188/20 and SW/198/20 show high gene similarities to A/Guangdong/Yue Fang277/2017(H3N2).The HA gene of swH1N2 exhibits a high evolutionary rate.The five swH1N2 isolates replicate efficiently in human,canine,and swine cells,as well as in the turbinate,trachea,and lungs of mice.A/swine/Shandong/198/2020 strain efficiently replicates in the respiratory tract of pigs and effectively transmitted among them.Collectively,these current swH1N2 viruses possess zoonotic potential,highlighting the need for strengthened surveillance of swH1N2 viruses.展开更多
This study explores the impact of multi-scale urban morphology on solar radiation in high-density environments,focusing on Nanjing as a case study.Using Grasshopper,the research decomposed urban models into four scale...This study explores the impact of multi-scale urban morphology on solar radiation in high-density environments,focusing on Nanjing as a case study.Using Grasshopper,the research decomposed urban models into four scalesddistrict,block group,block,and plotdand analyzed eight morphological indicators,including site coverage(SC),floor area ratio(FAR),and block surface ratio(BSR).Solar radiation was simulated for the entire year,the summer solstice,and the winter solstice.Key findings reveal that different scales exhibit varying influences on solar radiation.At the district scale,BSR shows the highest correlation with annual solar radiation(R^(2)=0.96),while at the neighborhood cluster scale,the minimum distance between buildings(DBmin)is most correlated(R^(2)=0.7).At the block scale,BSR significantly correlates with summer solar radiation(R^(2)=0.55).At the plot scale,no single indicator strongly correlates with solar radiation,but a combination of indicators is more relevant.These findings enable rapid solar performance assessments in urban design,promoting efficient solar energy use.展开更多
基金supported by Special fund for scientific innovation strategy-construction of high level Academy of Agriculture Science-Distinguished Scholar(R2020PYJC001).
文摘Swine are regarded as“intermediate hosts”or“mixing vessels”of influenza viruses,capable of generating strains with pandemic potential.From 2020 to 2021,we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2 influenza(swH1N2)viruses in swine farms located in Guangdong,Yunnan,and Guizhou provinces in southern China,as well as Henan and Shandong provinces in northern China.We systematically analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of swH1N2 isolates,and characterized their replication and transmission abilities.The isolated viruses are quadruple reassortant H1N2 viruses containing genes from pdm/09 H1N1(PB2,PB1,PA and NP genes),triple-reassortant swine(NS gene),Eurasian Avian-like(HA and M genes),and recent human H3N2(NA gene)lineages.The NA,PB2,and NP of SW/188/20 and SW/198/20 show high gene similarities to A/Guangdong/Yue Fang277/2017(H3N2).The HA gene of swH1N2 exhibits a high evolutionary rate.The five swH1N2 isolates replicate efficiently in human,canine,and swine cells,as well as in the turbinate,trachea,and lungs of mice.A/swine/Shandong/198/2020 strain efficiently replicates in the respiratory tract of pigs and effectively transmitted among them.Collectively,these current swH1N2 viruses possess zoonotic potential,highlighting the need for strengthened surveillance of swH1N2 viruses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52394224)。
文摘This study explores the impact of multi-scale urban morphology on solar radiation in high-density environments,focusing on Nanjing as a case study.Using Grasshopper,the research decomposed urban models into four scalesddistrict,block group,block,and plotdand analyzed eight morphological indicators,including site coverage(SC),floor area ratio(FAR),and block surface ratio(BSR).Solar radiation was simulated for the entire year,the summer solstice,and the winter solstice.Key findings reveal that different scales exhibit varying influences on solar radiation.At the district scale,BSR shows the highest correlation with annual solar radiation(R^(2)=0.96),while at the neighborhood cluster scale,the minimum distance between buildings(DBmin)is most correlated(R^(2)=0.7).At the block scale,BSR significantly correlates with summer solar radiation(R^(2)=0.55).At the plot scale,no single indicator strongly correlates with solar radiation,but a combination of indicators is more relevant.These findings enable rapid solar performance assessments in urban design,promoting efficient solar energy use.
