Transboundary hydrological basins span international borders and are essential to global water systems,human development,and environmental sustainability.Nearly 40%of the world's population lives within these basi...Transboundary hydrological basins span international borders and are essential to global water systems,human development,and environmental sustainability.Nearly 40%of the world's population lives within these basins,which supply critical resources such as freshwater,food,energy,and biodiversity.Yet their sustainability remains poorly understood,as existing assessments often overlook the unique social,environmental,and political complexities of transboundary basins.This study addresses that gap by developing and applying a systematic framework to assess Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)progress across 310 transboundary basins worldwide.Here we show that transboundary basins score significantly lower on average SDGs achievement(an SDG Index score of 42 on a scale of 0–100)compared to national averages(a score of 67),with considerable variation between regions.We identify four distinct types of transboundary basins in terms of SDGs achievement and associated challenges.We also show that progress on a specific set of goals can drive broader sustainability within each basin type.Notably,achieving clean water(SDG 6),sustainable economic growth(SDG 8),and healthy livelihoods(SDG 3)is linked to overall SDGs success in 38%of transboundary basins worldwide.Our results highlight the importance of basin-level analysis for revealing sustainability patterns overlooked by national assessments.This framework can inform future basin research and support policy development in transboundary regions.展开更多
Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target.However,current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of the...Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target.However,current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic benefits.This study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic pathways.It simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios,evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality.These findings reveal the following:(1)The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060,ranging from 0.41%to 9.37%of total GDP in the baseline scenario,primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D investments.These costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2)China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming,with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65%to 17.24%of China's total GDP by 2100.(3)Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to 2060.This integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long term.To minimize initial economic costs,efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions,upgrading lowcarbon technologies,and adopting new energy sources.展开更多
The food system is one of the major sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.The impact of emission transfer due to the separation between food production and consumption within the context of carbon neut...The food system is one of the major sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.The impact of emission transfer due to the separation between food production and consumption within the context of carbon neutrality remains unclear.In this study,we constructed an emission inventory for three types of grains at the production stage of their life cycle and then analysed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the grain supply and demand.With the use of a spatial equilibrium model,we simulated the spatial distribution flow of the different types of grains from 1990 to 2018 and calculated the resulting GHG emission transfer efficiency.The main results include the following:(1)The imbalance between the grain supply and demand intensified,which was mainly reflected in the distance between the geographic centre of the grain supply and consumption increasing 3.2 times,and thus,the self-sufficiency decreased.(2)The total emission transfer TET of rice and wheat decreased because of the increase in the intra-regional supply,while that of maize gradually increased due to the increase in the inter-regional supply.(3)Overall,grain trade improved the carbon efficiency of grain production in China.The trade efficiency of crops varied,with wheat and maize leading to overall effective carbon reductions,while the carbon transfer efficiency of rice from trade was relatively low.(4)The carbon footprint of grain production in China's provinces exhibited a downward trend,but due to the intensified separation between the grain supply and demand,certain major grain-producing areas achieved inefficient carbon increases.Therefore,we suggest further optimization of the spatial structure of planting and breeding,strengthening of the grain supply in the region,and enhancement in the optimization of the low-carbon production structure and adjustment of cultivated land use combined with regional governance strategies.The application of these measures could contribute to achieving dual-carbon goals.展开更多
基金support for this work has been provided by the Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD099)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201301)+4 种基金Special Foundation of Science and Technology Innovation of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in Jiangsu Province(BK20220037)the“GeoX”Interdisciplinary Research Funds for the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling,Nanjing University(0209/14380116)the Special Fund of Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation(BK20220037)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0198)the Swedish Research Council(VR,project 2022–04672)。
文摘Transboundary hydrological basins span international borders and are essential to global water systems,human development,and environmental sustainability.Nearly 40%of the world's population lives within these basins,which supply critical resources such as freshwater,food,energy,and biodiversity.Yet their sustainability remains poorly understood,as existing assessments often overlook the unique social,environmental,and political complexities of transboundary basins.This study addresses that gap by developing and applying a systematic framework to assess Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)progress across 310 transboundary basins worldwide.Here we show that transboundary basins score significantly lower on average SDGs achievement(an SDG Index score of 42 on a scale of 0–100)compared to national averages(a score of 67),with considerable variation between regions.We identify four distinct types of transboundary basins in terms of SDGs achievement and associated challenges.We also show that progress on a specific set of goals can drive broader sustainability within each basin type.Notably,achieving clean water(SDG 6),sustainable economic growth(SDG 8),and healthy livelihoods(SDG 3)is linked to overall SDGs success in 38%of transboundary basins worldwide.Our results highlight the importance of basin-level analysis for revealing sustainability patterns overlooked by national assessments.This framework can inform future basin research and support policy development in transboundary regions.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation Major Project(Grant No.23&ZD099)the National Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(Grant No.71921003)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(Grant No.42201301)the Jiangsu Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(Grant No.BK20220037)the Energy Foundation Grant Project(Grant No.G-2304-34498)the Central University Basic Research Expenses Project(Grant No.0209/14380116)。
文摘Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target.However,current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic benefits.This study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic pathways.It simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios,evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality.These findings reveal the following:(1)The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060,ranging from 0.41%to 9.37%of total GDP in the baseline scenario,primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D investments.These costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2)China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming,with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65%to 17.24%of China's total GDP by 2100.(3)Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to 2060.This integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long term.To minimize initial economic costs,efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions,upgrading lowcarbon technologies,and adopting new energy sources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201301)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71921003)the Special Fund of Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation(Grant No.BK2022037)。
文摘The food system is one of the major sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.The impact of emission transfer due to the separation between food production and consumption within the context of carbon neutrality remains unclear.In this study,we constructed an emission inventory for three types of grains at the production stage of their life cycle and then analysed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the grain supply and demand.With the use of a spatial equilibrium model,we simulated the spatial distribution flow of the different types of grains from 1990 to 2018 and calculated the resulting GHG emission transfer efficiency.The main results include the following:(1)The imbalance between the grain supply and demand intensified,which was mainly reflected in the distance between the geographic centre of the grain supply and consumption increasing 3.2 times,and thus,the self-sufficiency decreased.(2)The total emission transfer TET of rice and wheat decreased because of the increase in the intra-regional supply,while that of maize gradually increased due to the increase in the inter-regional supply.(3)Overall,grain trade improved the carbon efficiency of grain production in China.The trade efficiency of crops varied,with wheat and maize leading to overall effective carbon reductions,while the carbon transfer efficiency of rice from trade was relatively low.(4)The carbon footprint of grain production in China's provinces exhibited a downward trend,but due to the intensified separation between the grain supply and demand,certain major grain-producing areas achieved inefficient carbon increases.Therefore,we suggest further optimization of the spatial structure of planting and breeding,strengthening of the grain supply in the region,and enhancement in the optimization of the low-carbon production structure and adjustment of cultivated land use combined with regional governance strategies.The application of these measures could contribute to achieving dual-carbon goals.
