1.Introduction Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are broadly considered as an outstanding candidate for the future sustainable energy storage pathway due to their high theoretical capacity,high energy density,and low cost...1.Introduction Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are broadly considered as an outstanding candidate for the future sustainable energy storage pathway due to their high theoretical capacity,high energy density,and low cost^([1,2]).However,their practical deployment has been hindered by the sluggish 16-electron conversion process and shuttle of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),which result in the loss of active sulfu r species^([3,4]).展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active mat...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active materials severely restrict the development of Li-S batteries.Constructing conductive sulfur scaffolds with catalytic conversion capability for cathodes is an efficient approach to solving above issues.Vanadium-based compounds and their heterostructures have recently emerged as functional sulfur catalysts supported on conductive scaffolds.These compounds interact with polysulfides via different mechanisms to alleviate the shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics,leading to higher Coulombic efficiency and enhanced sulfur utilization.Reports on vanadium-based nanomaterials in Li-S batteries have been steadily increasing over the past several years.In this review,first,we provide an overview of the synthesis of vanadium-based compounds and heterostructures.Then,we discuss the interactions and constitutive relationships between vanadium-based catalysts and polysulfides formed at sulfur cathodes.We summarize the mechanisms that contribute to the enhancement of electrochemical performance for various types of vanadium-based catalysts,thus providing insights for the rational design of sulfur catalysts.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future directions for the research and development of vanadium-based sulfur catalysts.展开更多
Principles of inexpensive biotechnology are being increasingly used to address the problems posed by the use of lithium-sulfur batteries.We used chitin,a low-cost marine biowaste product,as a precursor for the in-situ...Principles of inexpensive biotechnology are being increasingly used to address the problems posed by the use of lithium-sulfur batteries.We used chitin,a low-cost marine biowaste product,as a precursor for the in-situ preparation of chitin-derived nitrogendoped hierarchical porous carbon fibers(CNHPCFs)containing abundant pores.These materials are characterized by varying morphologies and high specific surface areas and present a hierarchical porous structure.CNHPCFs adsorb polysulfides,exhibit good ionic conductivity,and can be potentially used to generate green energy.These properties help address the problems of volume expansion and slow transport.The CNHPCF-1@S cathode exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity(1368.80 mAh·g^(−1)at 0.2 C;decay rate:0.011%per turn at 5 C).The high electrochemical reversibility recorded for CNHPCF-1@S and the stepwise reaction mechanism followed were studied using the in-situ X-ray diffraction and in-situ Raman spectroscopy techniques.The results reported herein can potentially help develop new ideas for the recycling and treatment of marine biofertilizers.The results can also provide a platform to improve the application prospects of lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52462027)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2022GXNSFAA035463)the Testing Technology Center of Materials and Devices,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School for instrumental support.
文摘1.Introduction Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are broadly considered as an outstanding candidate for the future sustainable energy storage pathway due to their high theoretical capacity,high energy density,and low cost^([1,2]).However,their practical deployment has been hindered by the sluggish 16-electron conversion process and shuttle of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),which result in the loss of active sulfu r species^([3,4]).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51962002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2022GXNSFAA035463)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2404402)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted wide attention for their high theoretical energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the insulation of active materials severely restrict the development of Li-S batteries.Constructing conductive sulfur scaffolds with catalytic conversion capability for cathodes is an efficient approach to solving above issues.Vanadium-based compounds and their heterostructures have recently emerged as functional sulfur catalysts supported on conductive scaffolds.These compounds interact with polysulfides via different mechanisms to alleviate the shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics,leading to higher Coulombic efficiency and enhanced sulfur utilization.Reports on vanadium-based nanomaterials in Li-S batteries have been steadily increasing over the past several years.In this review,first,we provide an overview of the synthesis of vanadium-based compounds and heterostructures.Then,we discuss the interactions and constitutive relationships between vanadium-based catalysts and polysulfides formed at sulfur cathodes.We summarize the mechanisms that contribute to the enhancement of electrochemical performance for various types of vanadium-based catalysts,thus providing insights for the rational design of sulfur catalysts.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future directions for the research and development of vanadium-based sulfur catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51962002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2022GXNSFAA035463).
文摘Principles of inexpensive biotechnology are being increasingly used to address the problems posed by the use of lithium-sulfur batteries.We used chitin,a low-cost marine biowaste product,as a precursor for the in-situ preparation of chitin-derived nitrogendoped hierarchical porous carbon fibers(CNHPCFs)containing abundant pores.These materials are characterized by varying morphologies and high specific surface areas and present a hierarchical porous structure.CNHPCFs adsorb polysulfides,exhibit good ionic conductivity,and can be potentially used to generate green energy.These properties help address the problems of volume expansion and slow transport.The CNHPCF-1@S cathode exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity(1368.80 mAh·g^(−1)at 0.2 C;decay rate:0.011%per turn at 5 C).The high electrochemical reversibility recorded for CNHPCF-1@S and the stepwise reaction mechanism followed were studied using the in-situ X-ray diffraction and in-situ Raman spectroscopy techniques.The results reported herein can potentially help develop new ideas for the recycling and treatment of marine biofertilizers.The results can also provide a platform to improve the application prospects of lithium-sulfur batteries.
