The excessive accumulation of potentially toxic metals(Pb and Cd)in coastal wetlands is among the main factors threateningwetland ecosystems.However,the effects ofwater table depth(WTD)on the risk and binding mechanis...The excessive accumulation of potentially toxic metals(Pb and Cd)in coastal wetlands is among the main factors threateningwetland ecosystems.However,the effects ofwater table depth(WTD)on the risk and binding mechanisms of potentially toxic metals in sediments remain unclear.Here,sediments from different WTD obtained from a typical coastal wetland were evaluated using a newly developed strategy based on chemical extraction methods coupled with high-resolution spectroscopy.Our findings indicated that the WTD of the coastal wetland fluctuates frequently and the average enrichment factor for Pb was categorized as minor,whereas Cd enrichment was categorized as moderate.High-resolution spectroscopy techniques also demonstrated that organic functional groups and partly inorganic compounds(e.g.,Fe-O/Si-O)played a vital role in the binding of Pb and Cd to surface sediments.Additionally,mineral components rather than organic groups were mainly bound to thesemetals in the bottom sediments.Collectively,our findings provide key insights into the potential health effects and binding characteristics of potentially toxic metals in sediments,as well as their dynamic behavior under varying sediment depths at a microscale.展开更多
吐鲁番盆地高温干旱,是探讨人类适应边缘环境方式与策略的典型区域.本文通过对吐鲁番苏贝希文化代表性考古遗址加依墓地的植物茎秆、叶片、种子、果实、木材进行系统研究,来探索早期先民开发利用植物资源的方式、生计模式和适应策略.结...吐鲁番盆地高温干旱,是探讨人类适应边缘环境方式与策略的典型区域.本文通过对吐鲁番苏贝希文化代表性考古遗址加依墓地的植物茎秆、叶片、种子、果实、木材进行系统研究,来探索早期先民开发利用植物资源的方式、生计模式和适应策略.结果显示,加依墓地(2800~2300 cal a BP)保存用于食物、药用、致幻、编织、装饰、制作木器等功能的植物共28种,体现出基于绿洲的多种植物采集和多样化利用策略.发现数量很少的农作物青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste)和黍(Panicum miliaceum),表明先民在盆地绿洲内发展小规模旱作农业.结合多学科研究成果,确定加依先民采用农牧兼营、以牧业为主的生计策略.木材解剖切面鉴定结果发现仅可在天山山地生长的云杉(Picea sp.)和桦(Betula sp.).根据这两个树种的地理分布和生境特征,综合考古资料,判断加依先民可能沿着天山(博格达山)垂直植被带进行季节性迁移放牧.另外,少数先民可能全年在荒漠绿洲中放牧骆驼,并在晚秋和冬季时以黍及其副产品作为饲料来喂养.这些动物管理策略有利于先民拓展绿洲生存空间,充分利用山地与低地间多样化气候环境下的多种植物资源,最大化牧业产出和收益.多元化的生计方式是早期先民适应吐鲁番极端干旱环境最适宜的、富有弹性的策略,是促进当地史前文明持续发展的重要动力.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42107401 and 41977271)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1806803).
文摘The excessive accumulation of potentially toxic metals(Pb and Cd)in coastal wetlands is among the main factors threateningwetland ecosystems.However,the effects ofwater table depth(WTD)on the risk and binding mechanisms of potentially toxic metals in sediments remain unclear.Here,sediments from different WTD obtained from a typical coastal wetland were evaluated using a newly developed strategy based on chemical extraction methods coupled with high-resolution spectroscopy.Our findings indicated that the WTD of the coastal wetland fluctuates frequently and the average enrichment factor for Pb was categorized as minor,whereas Cd enrichment was categorized as moderate.High-resolution spectroscopy techniques also demonstrated that organic functional groups and partly inorganic compounds(e.g.,Fe-O/Si-O)played a vital role in the binding of Pb and Cd to surface sediments.Additionally,mineral components rather than organic groups were mainly bound to thesemetals in the bottom sediments.Collectively,our findings provide key insights into the potential health effects and binding characteristics of potentially toxic metals in sediments,as well as their dynamic behavior under varying sediment depths at a microscale.
文摘吐鲁番盆地高温干旱,是探讨人类适应边缘环境方式与策略的典型区域.本文通过对吐鲁番苏贝希文化代表性考古遗址加依墓地的植物茎秆、叶片、种子、果实、木材进行系统研究,来探索早期先民开发利用植物资源的方式、生计模式和适应策略.结果显示,加依墓地(2800~2300 cal a BP)保存用于食物、药用、致幻、编织、装饰、制作木器等功能的植物共28种,体现出基于绿洲的多种植物采集和多样化利用策略.发现数量很少的农作物青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste)和黍(Panicum miliaceum),表明先民在盆地绿洲内发展小规模旱作农业.结合多学科研究成果,确定加依先民采用农牧兼营、以牧业为主的生计策略.木材解剖切面鉴定结果发现仅可在天山山地生长的云杉(Picea sp.)和桦(Betula sp.).根据这两个树种的地理分布和生境特征,综合考古资料,判断加依先民可能沿着天山(博格达山)垂直植被带进行季节性迁移放牧.另外,少数先民可能全年在荒漠绿洲中放牧骆驼,并在晚秋和冬季时以黍及其副产品作为饲料来喂养.这些动物管理策略有利于先民拓展绿洲生存空间,充分利用山地与低地间多样化气候环境下的多种植物资源,最大化牧业产出和收益.多元化的生计方式是早期先民适应吐鲁番极端干旱环境最适宜的、富有弹性的策略,是促进当地史前文明持续发展的重要动力.
