Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,primarily caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)K88(F4)infection,presents a major challenge in swine production.This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages(phag...Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,primarily caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)K88(F4)infection,presents a major challenge in swine production.This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages(phages)specific to ETEC K88,utilizing ETEC K88 as the host strain,and to assess the efficacy of dietary supplementation with the isolated phages in weaned piglets over a two-week period using an ETEC K88 challenge model in a pilot study.Results Three ETEC K88-specific phages(EC-P1,EC-P2,and EC-P3)were isolated and identified as tailed phages.These phages displayed a short latency period,broad acid–base stability,and thermal stability,effectively inhibiting ETEC K88 growth and disrupting ETEC K88 biofilms in vitro.Lyophilized phage powder was prepared and supplemented at 400,600 or 800 mg/kg in the diets.Compared to the ETEC K88 group,piglets in the ETEC K88+600 or 800 mg/kg phages group exhibited markedly lower diarrhea scores and rectal temperatures at 12,24,and 48 h post-infection.Supplementation with 600 mg/kg phages enhanced intestinal integrity of ETEC K88-infected piglets,as evidenced by an increased jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio,reduced serum diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels,and upregulated jejunal ZO-1 protein expression.Concomitantly,systemic and jejunal inflammatory responses were attenuated by supplementation with 600 mg/kg of phages,as evidenced by decreased serum LPS,IL-1β,IL-10 and TNF-α levels,down-regulated jejunal IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression,and suppressed NF-κB signalling(downregulated p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 ratios).Supplementation with 600 mg/kg phages also shifted the faecal microbiota toward eubiosis,increasing the Shannon index,decreasing Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae abundances,and elevating beneficial taxa(Patescibacteria,Muribaculaceae,and Subdoligranulum).Correlation analysis further revealed that Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae abundances were positively associated with diarrhoea characteristics,whereas Muribaculaceae showed a negative correlation.Conclusions Three ETEC K88-targeting phages were successfully isolated,characterized,and prepared as lyophilized phage powder for dietary supplementation.Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg of lyophilized phage powder alleviated PWD in piglets by modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory responses.展开更多
Beneficial root-microbiome interactions offer enormous potential to improve crop performance and stress tolerance.Domestication and improvement reduced the genetic diversity of crops and reshaped their phenotypic trai...Beneficial root-microbiome interactions offer enormous potential to improve crop performance and stress tolerance.Domestication and improvement reduced the genetic diversity of crops and reshaped their phenotypic traits and their associated microbiome structure and function.However,understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms how domestication and improvement modulated root function,microbiome assembly and even coselective patterns remains largely elusive.This review summarizes the current status of how crop domestication and improvement(heterosis)affected root characteristics and their associated microbiome structure and function.Also,it assesses potential mechanisms how crop domestication and improvement reshaped root-microbiome association through gene regulation,root structure and function and root exudate features.A hypothetical strategy is proposed that entangles crop genetics and abiotic interactions with beneficial microbiomes to mitigate the effects of global climate change on crop performance.A comprehensive understanding of the role of crop domestication and improvement in root-associated microbiome interaction will advance future breeding efforts and agricultural management.展开更多
At a global level,the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production.Moreover,given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish ...At a global level,the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production.Moreover,given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal,it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry.Cottonseed meal,a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil,exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content,high yield,low cost,well-balanced amino acid composition,and sufficient accessibility.However,cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors,especially gossypol,which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance,resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed.To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production,it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization.In this review,we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal,primary anti-nutritional factors,and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed.Subsequently,we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade.The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32472940 and No.32160806)the Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects(No.20213BCJ22005)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBF61018)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20224BBF61029),China。
文摘Background Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)in piglets,primarily caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)K88(F4)infection,presents a major challenge in swine production.This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages(phages)specific to ETEC K88,utilizing ETEC K88 as the host strain,and to assess the efficacy of dietary supplementation with the isolated phages in weaned piglets over a two-week period using an ETEC K88 challenge model in a pilot study.Results Three ETEC K88-specific phages(EC-P1,EC-P2,and EC-P3)were isolated and identified as tailed phages.These phages displayed a short latency period,broad acid–base stability,and thermal stability,effectively inhibiting ETEC K88 growth and disrupting ETEC K88 biofilms in vitro.Lyophilized phage powder was prepared and supplemented at 400,600 or 800 mg/kg in the diets.Compared to the ETEC K88 group,piglets in the ETEC K88+600 or 800 mg/kg phages group exhibited markedly lower diarrhea scores and rectal temperatures at 12,24,and 48 h post-infection.Supplementation with 600 mg/kg phages enhanced intestinal integrity of ETEC K88-infected piglets,as evidenced by an increased jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio,reduced serum diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels,and upregulated jejunal ZO-1 protein expression.Concomitantly,systemic and jejunal inflammatory responses were attenuated by supplementation with 600 mg/kg of phages,as evidenced by decreased serum LPS,IL-1β,IL-10 and TNF-α levels,down-regulated jejunal IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression,and suppressed NF-κB signalling(downregulated p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 ratios).Supplementation with 600 mg/kg phages also shifted the faecal microbiota toward eubiosis,increasing the Shannon index,decreasing Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae abundances,and elevating beneficial taxa(Patescibacteria,Muribaculaceae,and Subdoligranulum).Correlation analysis further revealed that Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae abundances were positively associated with diarrhoea characteristics,whereas Muribaculaceae showed a negative correlation.Conclusions Three ETEC K88-targeting phages were successfully isolated,characterized,and prepared as lyophilized phage powder for dietary supplementation.Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg of lyophilized phage powder alleviated PWD in piglets by modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory responses.
基金supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)grant Emmy Noether Programme(444755415)DFG Priority Program(SPP2089)Rhizosphere Spatiotemporal Organisation—A Key to Rhizosphere Functions grant(403671039)。
文摘Beneficial root-microbiome interactions offer enormous potential to improve crop performance and stress tolerance.Domestication and improvement reduced the genetic diversity of crops and reshaped their phenotypic traits and their associated microbiome structure and function.However,understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms how domestication and improvement modulated root function,microbiome assembly and even coselective patterns remains largely elusive.This review summarizes the current status of how crop domestication and improvement(heterosis)affected root characteristics and their associated microbiome structure and function.Also,it assesses potential mechanisms how crop domestication and improvement reshaped root-microbiome association through gene regulation,root structure and function and root exudate features.A hypothetical strategy is proposed that entangles crop genetics and abiotic interactions with beneficial microbiomes to mitigate the effects of global climate change on crop performance.A comprehensive understanding of the role of crop domestication and improvement in root-associated microbiome interaction will advance future breeding efforts and agricultural management.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Prowince (No.20223BBF61018 and No.2022-4BBF61029)supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.20224BAB215035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32102593),China.
文摘At a global level,the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production.Moreover,given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal,it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry.Cottonseed meal,a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil,exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content,high yield,low cost,well-balanced amino acid composition,and sufficient accessibility.However,cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors,especially gossypol,which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance,resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed.To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production,it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization.In this review,we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal,primary anti-nutritional factors,and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed.Subsequently,we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade.The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.
