Transdermal drug delivery refers to a means of delivering drugs through the surface of the skin for local or systemic treatment. The drug functions after absorption through the skin into the systemic circulation via c...Transdermal drug delivery refers to a means of delivering drugs through the surface of the skin for local or systemic treatment. The drug functions after absorption through the skin into the systemic circulation via capillary action at a certain rate. Use of traditional physical and chemical enhancers to improve the transdermal permeation rate by increasing drug solubility, diffusion coefficient, and reservoir effect is not feasible owing to the toxic side effects of the overuse of chemical penetration enhancers. Nanoformulations generally vary in size and range from 10 nm to 100 nm. The smaller particle size leads to increased drug permeability, stability, retention, and targeting, making nano-formulations suitable for transdermal drug delivery. The different applications of nano-formulations(vesicles or nanoparticles and nanoemulsions) have been widely studied. Here, the classification, characteristics, transdermal mechanism, and application of the most popular nano-formulations in transdermal drug delivery system are reviewed.展开更多
To the Editor:Autoimmune bullous diseases(AIBDs)are a diverse group of autoimmune disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes,characterized by vesicles,blisters,and erosions due to autoantibodies targeting struc...To the Editor:Autoimmune bullous diseases(AIBDs)are a diverse group of autoimmune disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes,characterized by vesicles,blisters,and erosions due to autoantibodies targeting structural proteins.AIBDs are mainly categorized into pemphigus,[1]with antibodies against epidermal cell surface proteins,and pemphigoid diseases,[2]targeting proteins in the epidermal basement membrane.[3]Pemphigus vulgaris(PV)is the most common intraepidermal AIBD and typically affects individuals aged 40–60 years,while bullous pemphigoid(BP)is the leading subepidermal AIBD,with incidence increasing among older populations.Given the variety of available topical and systemic treatments,it is vital to evaluate their effectiveness and safety.However,there is a lack of knowledge regarding the comparative effectiveness of these therapies.Our objective is to synthesize existing evidence on AIBD management through direct comparisons and generate treatment rankings using network meta-analysis(NMA)to inform clinical decision-making and optimize therapeutic strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(No.BX20180207)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81502722)
文摘Transdermal drug delivery refers to a means of delivering drugs through the surface of the skin for local or systemic treatment. The drug functions after absorption through the skin into the systemic circulation via capillary action at a certain rate. Use of traditional physical and chemical enhancers to improve the transdermal permeation rate by increasing drug solubility, diffusion coefficient, and reservoir effect is not feasible owing to the toxic side effects of the overuse of chemical penetration enhancers. Nanoformulations generally vary in size and range from 10 nm to 100 nm. The smaller particle size leads to increased drug permeability, stability, retention, and targeting, making nano-formulations suitable for transdermal drug delivery. The different applications of nano-formulations(vesicles or nanoparticles and nanoemulsions) have been widely studied. Here, the classification, characteristics, transdermal mechanism, and application of the most popular nano-formulations in transdermal drug delivery system are reviewed.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003347).
文摘To the Editor:Autoimmune bullous diseases(AIBDs)are a diverse group of autoimmune disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes,characterized by vesicles,blisters,and erosions due to autoantibodies targeting structural proteins.AIBDs are mainly categorized into pemphigus,[1]with antibodies against epidermal cell surface proteins,and pemphigoid diseases,[2]targeting proteins in the epidermal basement membrane.[3]Pemphigus vulgaris(PV)is the most common intraepidermal AIBD and typically affects individuals aged 40–60 years,while bullous pemphigoid(BP)is the leading subepidermal AIBD,with incidence increasing among older populations.Given the variety of available topical and systemic treatments,it is vital to evaluate their effectiveness and safety.However,there is a lack of knowledge regarding the comparative effectiveness of these therapies.Our objective is to synthesize existing evidence on AIBD management through direct comparisons and generate treatment rankings using network meta-analysis(NMA)to inform clinical decision-making and optimize therapeutic strategies.
