Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinsk.,a medicinal and edible plant widely utilized in China,is a rich source of triterpenoids and flavonoids,which are recognized for their hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,antioxidant,and ant...Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinsk.,a medicinal and edible plant widely utilized in China,is a rich source of triterpenoids and flavonoids,which are recognized for their hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,antioxidant,and antitumor properties.However,recent comprehensive summaries of its bioactive constituents and associated biosynthetic mechanisms remain limited.In this review,we systematically categorized the principal bioactive compounds isolated from C.paliurus,classifying triterpenoids into seven structural groups and flavonoids into four,based on their core skeletal frameworks.Notably,C-11 glycosylation was identified as a distinctive structural feature specific to C.paliurus triterpenoids.Furthermore,we summarized the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these triterpenoids and flavonoids and,for the first time,proposed putative biosynthetic pathways by integrating current biochemical and genomic evidence.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the bioactive constituents and their associated biosynthetic enzymes in C.paliurus,offering valuable insights into the molecular basis of these natural products and establishing a foundation for future in vitro biosynthesis efforts.展开更多
Investigating the formation mechanisms of carbonate geothermal reservoirs is of theoretical and practical significance for summarizing the formation pattern of geothermal resources and further guiding their effective ...Investigating the formation mechanisms of carbonate geothermal reservoirs is of theoretical and practical significance for summarizing the formation pattern of geothermal resources and further guiding their effective exploitation.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP),predominantly located within the Jizhong Depression and Cangxian Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin,serves as the primary region for geothermal exploitation and utilization in China.More than 1500 geothermal wells have been drilled therein,with water temperature at the wellhead ranging from 55 to 110°C,single-well flow rate ranging between 80 and 120 m^(3)/h,and cumulative heating area exceeding 100×10^(6)m^(3).However,the exploration and research in the region remain limited overall.As per the previous geothermal and petroleum exploration results and the latest geothermal drilling data,this study comprehensively evaluated the geothermal resources of karst geothermal reservoirs.The results show that two suites of carbonate karst reservoirs,namely the Jxw Formation and the Ordovician strata,have primarily developed in the BTHP,and their formation and evolution can be divided into four stages:the Mesoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic stage with carbonate sedimentation and the development of interlayer karst,the Late Paleozoic stage with the development of direct sedimentary cover,the Mesozoic stage with compressional uplifting and development of buried hill karst,and the Cenozoic stage with regional cover deposition and the modification and finalization of karst geothermal reservoirs.Accordingly,the porosity evolution history of the geothermal reservoirs is composed of three stages,namely a significant decrease followed by a minor increase,a gradual decline,and then a small fluctuation from increase to decrease before slowly rising again.The karstification in geothermal reservoirs can be summarized into quasi-syngenetic karstification,epigenetic karstification,and burial karstification,which can be subdivided into seven subcategories.The carbonate geothermal reservoirs in the study area boast total geothermal resources of 53.821×10^(9)GJ,or 184.155×10^(9)t of standard coal equivalent(tce),and the annual exploitable geothermal resources in the urban area can heat an area of(400‒500)×10^(6)m^(3),indicating great potential of geothermal exploitation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82574280)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20252070)the TCM Science and Technology Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.ZD202418)。
文摘Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinsk.,a medicinal and edible plant widely utilized in China,is a rich source of triterpenoids and flavonoids,which are recognized for their hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,antioxidant,and antitumor properties.However,recent comprehensive summaries of its bioactive constituents and associated biosynthetic mechanisms remain limited.In this review,we systematically categorized the principal bioactive compounds isolated from C.paliurus,classifying triterpenoids into seven structural groups and flavonoids into four,based on their core skeletal frameworks.Notably,C-11 glycosylation was identified as a distinctive structural feature specific to C.paliurus triterpenoids.Furthermore,we summarized the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these triterpenoids and flavonoids and,for the first time,proposed putative biosynthetic pathways by integrating current biochemical and genomic evidence.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the bioactive constituents and their associated biosynthetic enzymes in C.paliurus,offering valuable insights into the molecular basis of these natural products and establishing a foundation for future in vitro biosynthesis efforts.
文摘Investigating the formation mechanisms of carbonate geothermal reservoirs is of theoretical and practical significance for summarizing the formation pattern of geothermal resources and further guiding their effective exploitation.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP),predominantly located within the Jizhong Depression and Cangxian Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin,serves as the primary region for geothermal exploitation and utilization in China.More than 1500 geothermal wells have been drilled therein,with water temperature at the wellhead ranging from 55 to 110°C,single-well flow rate ranging between 80 and 120 m^(3)/h,and cumulative heating area exceeding 100×10^(6)m^(3).However,the exploration and research in the region remain limited overall.As per the previous geothermal and petroleum exploration results and the latest geothermal drilling data,this study comprehensively evaluated the geothermal resources of karst geothermal reservoirs.The results show that two suites of carbonate karst reservoirs,namely the Jxw Formation and the Ordovician strata,have primarily developed in the BTHP,and their formation and evolution can be divided into four stages:the Mesoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic stage with carbonate sedimentation and the development of interlayer karst,the Late Paleozoic stage with the development of direct sedimentary cover,the Mesozoic stage with compressional uplifting and development of buried hill karst,and the Cenozoic stage with regional cover deposition and the modification and finalization of karst geothermal reservoirs.Accordingly,the porosity evolution history of the geothermal reservoirs is composed of three stages,namely a significant decrease followed by a minor increase,a gradual decline,and then a small fluctuation from increase to decrease before slowly rising again.The karstification in geothermal reservoirs can be summarized into quasi-syngenetic karstification,epigenetic karstification,and burial karstification,which can be subdivided into seven subcategories.The carbonate geothermal reservoirs in the study area boast total geothermal resources of 53.821×10^(9)GJ,or 184.155×10^(9)t of standard coal equivalent(tce),and the annual exploitable geothermal resources in the urban area can heat an area of(400‒500)×10^(6)m^(3),indicating great potential of geothermal exploitation.
