Caves located in the buried hill reservoir of granite bedrock in Bongor Basin,Chad,are excessively small and cannot be identifi ed in conventional refl ection wave imaging profi les because their refl ection character...Caves located in the buried hill reservoir of granite bedrock in Bongor Basin,Chad,are excessively small and cannot be identifi ed in conventional refl ection wave imaging profi les because their refl ection characteristics are suppressed by the strong refl ection of the weathering crust at the top of the buried hill.In contrast to refl ection wave imaging,which refl ects the refl ection characteristics of continuous interfaces,scattered wave imaging refl ects the reflection characteristics of discontinuous geological bodies.Scattering waves can be produced in the presence of discontinuous points,such as karst caves,fractures,and stratum vanishing points.Scattering imaging can accurately provide the location of discontinuous abnormal bodies,highlight the seismic reflection characteristics of caves with weak reflections,and eliminate continuous strong reflections to strengthen the ability of seismic data to distinguish discontinuous geological bodies and solve the inability of seismic data from conventional poststack refl ection wave imaging to identify small caves in buried hills.Three-parameter wavelet spectral decomposition technology is used to depict the boundary of caves accurately in accordance with the strong energy spectral characteristics of caves in the section of the scattering imaging seismic data of the granite bedrock buried hill reservoir.Compared with the attributes extracted from conventional refl ection wave poststack seismic data,those acquired from scattering imaging bodies are more reliable and consistent with the actual location of caves on boreholes and have higher resolution.For connected wells,the attributes extracted from the conventional poststack seismic data can only predict whether caves are developed,whereas those calculated from scattering imaging can not only predict whether caves are present but also refl ects the degree of cave development.On the plane,the attributes obtained from scattering imaging calculation are more consistent with the geological law of cave development.On the basis of this fi nding and in accordance with the results of the three-parameter wavelet spectral decomposition of scattering imaging seismic data,the degree of cave development is classifi ed,and the favorable location for reservoir development in the study area is identifi ed.This solution provides an eff ective way to improve the exploration accuracy of cave-type granite buried hill reservoirs.展开更多
Quantum paradoxes are essential means to reveal the incompatibility between quantum and classical theories,among which the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR)steering paradox offers a sharper criterion for the contradictio...Quantum paradoxes are essential means to reveal the incompatibility between quantum and classical theories,among which the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR)steering paradox offers a sharper criterion for the contradiction between localhidden-state model and quantum mechanics than the usual inequality-based method.In this work,we present a generalized EPR steering paradox,which predicts a contradictory equality“2_(Q)=(1+δ)_(C)”(0≤δ<1)given by the quantum(Q)and classical(C)theories.For any N-qubit state in which the conditional state of the steered party is pure,we test the paradox through a two-setting steering protocol,and find that the state is steerable if some specific measurement requirements are satisfied.Moreover,our construction also enlightens the building of EPR steering inequality,which may contribute to some schemes for typical quantum teleportation and quantum key distributions.展开更多
The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite be...The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics.The original AB effect belongs to an“electromagnetic type”.A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect.In this work,we focus on the“spin”,which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays.First,we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator.Second,to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential,we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment(i.e.,the spin AB effect),which is possible to be observed in the lab.Third,we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins,and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.展开更多
As a fundamental characteristic of physical entities,wave-particle duality describes whether a microscopic entity exhibits wave or particle attributes depending on the specific experimental setup.This assumption is pr...As a fundamental characteristic of physical entities,wave-particle duality describes whether a microscopic entity exhibits wave or particle attributes depending on the specific experimental setup.This assumption is premised on the notion that physical properties are inseparable from the objective carrier.However,after the concept of the quantum Cheshire cats was proposed,which makes the separation of physical attributes from the entity possible,the premise no longer holds.Furthermore,an experimental demonstration of the separation of the wave and particle attributes inspired by this scenario remains scarce.In this work,we experimentally separated the wave and particle attributes of a single photon by exploiting the quantum Cheshire cat concept for the first time.By applying a weak disturbance to the evolution of the system,we achieve an effect similar to the quantum Cheshire cat and demonstrated the separation of the wave and particle attributes via the extraction of weak values.Our work provides a new perspective for the in-depth understanding of wave-particle duality and promotes the application of weak measurements in fundamentals of quantum mechanics.展开更多
文摘Caves located in the buried hill reservoir of granite bedrock in Bongor Basin,Chad,are excessively small and cannot be identifi ed in conventional refl ection wave imaging profi les because their refl ection characteristics are suppressed by the strong refl ection of the weathering crust at the top of the buried hill.In contrast to refl ection wave imaging,which refl ects the refl ection characteristics of continuous interfaces,scattered wave imaging refl ects the reflection characteristics of discontinuous geological bodies.Scattering waves can be produced in the presence of discontinuous points,such as karst caves,fractures,and stratum vanishing points.Scattering imaging can accurately provide the location of discontinuous abnormal bodies,highlight the seismic reflection characteristics of caves with weak reflections,and eliminate continuous strong reflections to strengthen the ability of seismic data to distinguish discontinuous geological bodies and solve the inability of seismic data from conventional poststack refl ection wave imaging to identify small caves in buried hills.Three-parameter wavelet spectral decomposition technology is used to depict the boundary of caves accurately in accordance with the strong energy spectral characteristics of caves in the section of the scattering imaging seismic data of the granite bedrock buried hill reservoir.Compared with the attributes extracted from conventional refl ection wave poststack seismic data,those acquired from scattering imaging bodies are more reliable and consistent with the actual location of caves on boreholes and have higher resolution.For connected wells,the attributes extracted from the conventional poststack seismic data can only predict whether caves are developed,whereas those calculated from scattering imaging can not only predict whether caves are present but also refl ects the degree of cave development.On the plane,the attributes obtained from scattering imaging calculation are more consistent with the geological law of cave development.On the basis of this fi nding and in accordance with the results of the three-parameter wavelet spectral decomposition of scattering imaging seismic data,the degree of cave development is classifi ed,and the favorable location for reservoir development in the study area is identifi ed.This solution provides an eff ective way to improve the exploration accuracy of cave-type granite buried hill reservoirs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12275136 and 12075001)the 111 Project(Grant No.B23045)the Nankai Zhide Foundation.
文摘Quantum paradoxes are essential means to reveal the incompatibility between quantum and classical theories,among which the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR)steering paradox offers a sharper criterion for the contradiction between localhidden-state model and quantum mechanics than the usual inequality-based method.In this work,we present a generalized EPR steering paradox,which predicts a contradictory equality“2_(Q)=(1+δ)_(C)”(0≤δ<1)given by the quantum(Q)and classical(C)theories.For any N-qubit state in which the conditional state of the steered party is pure,we test the paradox through a two-setting steering protocol,and find that the state is steerable if some specific measurement requirements are satisfied.Moreover,our construction also enlightens the building of EPR steering inequality,which may contribute to some schemes for typical quantum teleportation and quantum key distributions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12275136 and 12075001)the 111 Project of B23045supported by the Nankai Zhide Foundations.
文摘The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics.The original AB effect belongs to an“electromagnetic type”.A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect.In this work,we focus on the“spin”,which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays.First,we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator.Second,to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential,we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment(i.e.,the spin AB effect),which is possible to be observed in the lab.Third,we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins,and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Nos.2021ZD0301200 and 2021ZD0301400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11821404,61725504,U19A2075,61975195,11875167,12275136,and 12075001)+1 种基金Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(Grant No.AHY060300)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WK2030380017).
文摘As a fundamental characteristic of physical entities,wave-particle duality describes whether a microscopic entity exhibits wave or particle attributes depending on the specific experimental setup.This assumption is premised on the notion that physical properties are inseparable from the objective carrier.However,after the concept of the quantum Cheshire cats was proposed,which makes the separation of physical attributes from the entity possible,the premise no longer holds.Furthermore,an experimental demonstration of the separation of the wave and particle attributes inspired by this scenario remains scarce.In this work,we experimentally separated the wave and particle attributes of a single photon by exploiting the quantum Cheshire cat concept for the first time.By applying a weak disturbance to the evolution of the system,we achieve an effect similar to the quantum Cheshire cat and demonstrated the separation of the wave and particle attributes via the extraction of weak values.Our work provides a new perspective for the in-depth understanding of wave-particle duality and promotes the application of weak measurements in fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
