Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaff...Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaffolds hinders to achieve optimal repair outcomes in clinical settings.Thus,we aimed to enhance the bone repair ability of polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds by incorporating osteoinductive amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP)with immune-regulating zinc ions(ACP(Zn),ACZP),to create a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment.After one day of co-culture with PCL-ACZP,the spreading area of macrophage cells was significantly higher than that from the original PCL scaffold.Additionally,over 32.1%of macrophages exhibited M2 polarization within three days of co-culture.The PCLACZP/macrophage-conditioned medium significantly boosted osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.After eight weeks of implantation in a rat femoral condyle defect,the BV/TV from the PCL-ACZP group reached 32.9%,1.4 times of that from the PCL group.Furthermore,the PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as prepared successfully achieved complete regeneration of three-walled alveolar bone defects in rabbits,resulting in arch-shaped alveolar bone repair and providing greater convenience in the clinical settings.This study showcased the effectiveness of PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as bioactive scaffolds in the morphological restoration of alveolar bone.展开更多
CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pe...CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.展开更多
Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional ...Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional surface strengthening technologies,laser shock peening(LSP)has increasingly attracted attention from researchers and industries,since it significantly improves the surface strength,biocompatibility,fa-tigue resistance,and anti-corrosion ability of Ti and its alloys.Despite numerous studies that have been carried out to elucidate the effects of LSP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys in recent years,a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of Ti and its alloys subjected to LSP is still lacking.In this review,the standard LSP and the novel process designs of LSP assisted by thermal,cryogenic,electropulsing and magnetic fields are discussed and compared.Microstructural evolution,with focuses on the dislocation dynamics,deformation twinning,grain refine-ment and surface amorphization,during LSP processing of Ti alloys is reviewed.Furthermore,the en-hanced engineering performance of the L SP-processed(L SPed)Ti alloys,including surface hardness,wear resistance,fatigue life and corrosion resistance are summarized.Finally,this review concludes by present-ing an overview of the current challenges encountered in this field and offering insights into anticipated future trends.展开更多
In the upcoming 5 G heterogeneous networks, leveraging multiple radio access technologies(RATs) shows to be a crucial issue in achieving RAT multiplexing gain to meet the explosive traffic demand. For always best conn...In the upcoming 5 G heterogeneous networks, leveraging multiple radio access technologies(RATs) shows to be a crucial issue in achieving RAT multiplexing gain to meet the explosive traffic demand. For always best connection(ABC), users tend to activate parallel transmission across all available RATs. However from a system-wide perspective, this might not be optimal given the context of network load, interference and diverse service requirements. To intelligently determine how to use these multi-RAT access resources concurrently, this paper proposes a joint multi-RAT user association and resource allocation strategy with triple decision and integrated context awareness of users and networks. A dynamic game based ant colony algorithm(GACA) is designed to simultaneously maximize the system utility and the fairness of resource allocation. Simulation results show that it's more reasonable to make multi-RAT association decision from a system-wide viewpoint than from an individual one. Compared to max-SNR based and ABC based strategies, the proposed method alleviates network congestion and optimizes resource allocation. It obtains 39%~70% performance improvement.展开更多
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephth...Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate(PET)due to its enhanced material properties.However,the fabrication of PEF with stable and desirable properties is still a challenge,largely due to the impurities in FDCA.In this study,a highly efficient purification strategy for FDCA was proposed,utilizing a dioxane/H_(2)O binary solvent system for effective crystallization.Furthermore,PEFs were synthesized from FDCA with varying impurity and the effects of these impurities were systematically characterized.The results revealed that impurities in FDCA could result in PEFs with relatively poor thermal properties.This study provides crucial insights for the impact of impurities on PEF properties and FDCA purification.展开更多
Background Heat stress(HS)poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction.Sertoli cells(SCs)provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells.HS induces physiological and biochemical change...Background Heat stress(HS)poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction.Sertoli cells(SCs)provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells.HS induces physiological and biochemical changes in SCs.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood.Melatonin is a classic antioxidant that can alleviate HS-induced male reproductive damage.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms by which melatonin mitigates damage to goat testicular SCs remain unclear and require further investigation.Results In this study,an in vivo heat stress model was established in goats.The results showed that HS exposure led to testicular injury,abnormal spermatogenesis and apoptosis of SCs.To elucidate the mechanism of HS-induced SC apoptosis,primary SCs were isolated and cultured from goat testes,then exposed to HS.HS exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),decreased adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis,and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs.Additionally,HS increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins 1(FIS1)and dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)while decreasing the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1(MFN1),Mitofusin 2(MFN2),and optic atrophy 1(OPA1).This resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.Mdivi-1(DRP1 inhibitor)reduces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission.Mitochondrial fission is closely related to mitophagy.HS activated upstream mitophagy but inhibited autophagic flux,disrupting mitophagy and exacerbating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.Finally,the classical antioxidant melatonin was shown to reduce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs exposed to HS by decreasing ROS levels,restoring mitochondrial homeostasis,and normalizing mitophagy.Conclusions In summary,these findings indicated that the mechanism of HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs is mediated by hyperactivation of the ROS-DRP1-mitochondrial fission axis and inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy.Melatonin inhibited HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers apoptosis and provides a vision for the development of drugs against HS by targeting mitochondria in goats.展开更多
BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provi...BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.展开更多
A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characteri...A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characterized by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile tests,microhardness tests,and friction wear tests.Corrosion performance was evaluated using electrochemical tests,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyze the passivation film on the alloy surface.The results show that increasing Al content improves the mechanical properties of the alloy,but excessive Al leads to the creation of Ti_(3)Al,resulting in a substantial deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the alloy.The alloy with 7 wt.%Al exhibited the best overall mechanical properties.Electrochemical experiments revealed that higher Al content positively affected the corrosion resistance,with the alloy containing 7 wt.%Al showing the best corrosion resistance,followed by a slight decline.A small amount of Al_(2)O_(3)in the passivation film enhanced the corrosion resistance,but the formation of Al_(2)O_(3)with higher Al content decreased the corrosion performance.展开更多
This paper explores the historical development and modern transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to dispel the misconception that it is merely“traditional,ancient,backward and unscientific”.TCM,with root...This paper explores the historical development and modern transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to dispel the misconception that it is merely“traditional,ancient,backward and unscientific”.TCM,with roots in ancient times,has evolved into a comprehensive medical system through the integration of empirical knowledge and theoretical frameworks.This review summarizes TCM’s development from three aspects:(1)Ancient Medical Development:From the Spring and Autumn to Han-Tang periods(770 B.C.E.-907 C.E.),the focus was on summarizing experience.A clear disciplinary classification emerged during the Song and Ming Dynasties(960 C.E.-1644 C.E.),and a complete medical system was established in the Qing Dynasty(1636 C.E.-1912 C.E.).(2)Modern Medical Development:Influenced by the European Industrial Revolution,new natural sciences-based technologies enhanced Western medicine’s diagnostic and treatment efficiency.The promotion of Western medicine in China and its metrological concepts,which underpin metrology-based medicine(MBM),in turn propelled the development of TCM.(3)The integration of modern TCM with metrology science has significantly changed TCM’s treatment and pharmaceutical fields.In recent decades,the introduction of western medicine has advanced TCM,creating a combined approach that leverages the advantages of both traditions.Supported by metrology and modern sciences,this integration has provided new tools for TCM quantification,standardization,and quality control.The paper emphasizes key milestones in TCM history,the impact of Western medicine and metrology on its modernization,and the potential of integrated approaches for complex medical challenges.It highlights the importance of preserving traditional knowledge while innovating to enhance TCM’s efficacy and safety.Future prospects suggest that TCM,combined with Metrology-based medicine,may play a crucial role in treating complex diseases,as modern Chinese medicine(MCM)has evolved with scientific advancements and integration of contemporary techniques.展开更多
Wound healing is a series of complex biological events that are tightly coordinated by the body.However,this physiological process is compromised in a pathological setting and underlie conditions including diabetic co...Wound healing is a series of complex biological events that are tightly coordinated by the body.However,this physiological process is compromised in a pathological setting and underlie conditions including diabetic complications,infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.Clinically,this translates to multiple pathological features collectively exhibited(microbial colonization,chronic inflammation and impaired regenerative processes).Due to these pathological features,modernwound care approaches have changed from simple passive coverage products to advanced dressing systems which incorporate multifunctional therapies.To comprehensively elucidate recent advancements in advanced wound dressings for drug delivery applications,this review systematically examines material-driven drug release strategies through multiple analytical dimensions.The discussion encompasses structurally engineered controlled-release systems featuring bilayer architectures,layer-by-layer assembly techniques and porous matrix designs,as well as intelligent stimulus-responsive mechanisms based on physicochemical properties,including physical condition modulation,swelling/degradation behavior control,dynamic chemical bond engineering and crosslinking network optimization.Through critical analysis of these cutting-edge technologies,this article provides insightful perspectives on their clinical translation potential and future trajectories.展开更多
The impact of various initial states on the ultimate mechanical properties of medium Mn steel(MMnS)following the hot stamping process is revealed.MMnS blanks with three typical initial states were prepared separately,...The impact of various initial states on the ultimate mechanical properties of medium Mn steel(MMnS)following the hot stamping process is revealed.MMnS blanks with three typical initial states were prepared separately,including hot-rolled,cold-rolled and cold-rolled and annealed(CRA).Their microstructures were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction,and their mechanical properties were measured by tensile tests following hot stamping and baking treatments.The results reveal that the microstructure of martensite and residual austenite characterizes the hot-stamped MMnS across different rolling conditions,with CRA state exhibiting a clearly higher residual austenite content compared to the other two states.Meanwhile,CRA state boasts not only the highest tensile strength but also the greatest elongation post-hot stamping treatment.The superior comprehensive mechanical properties are attributed to its unique biphase structure of Mn-rich austenite and Mn-poor ferrite,which emerges in CRA state following a 12 h intercritical annealing and can be partially preserved during the hot stamping process.This structure is instrumental in achieving a higher level of residual austenite,consequently leading to enhanced elongation.展开更多
The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational re...The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational restraints on the proteins or their complexes.The rigid connection of the nitroxide spin label to the protein improves the accuracy and precision of distance measurement.We report a new spin labelling approach by formation of thioester bond between nitroxide(NO)spin label,NOAI(NO spin labels activated by acetylimidazole),and a protein thiol,and this spin labeling method has demonstrated high performance in DEER distance measurement on proteins.The results showed that NOAI has shorter connection to the protein ligation site than 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrroline-1-oxyl methanethiosulfonate(MTSL)and 3-maleimido-proxyl(M-Prox)in the respective protein conjugate and produces narrower distance distributions for the tested proteins including ubiquitin(Ub),immunoglobulin-binding b1 domain of streptococcal protein G(GB1),and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(Smac).The NOAI protein conjugate connected by a thioester bond is resistant to reducing reagent and offers highfidelity DEER distance measurements in cell lysates.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),an emerging tick-borne pathogen,has caused a rising number of human cases in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing since 2021.This study explores the seasonal dynam...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),an emerging tick-borne pathogen,has caused a rising number of human cases in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing since 2021.This study explores the seasonal dynamics of hedgehog-associated ticks and SFTSV transmission in urban parks of Beijing.Surveys across six parks revealed distinct activity patterns:adult Haemaphysalis longicornis peaked in summer,while nymphs dominated spring and autumn.All collected H.longicornis belonged to parthenogenetic populations.A near-complete SFTSV genome(C4 strain)was identified in a tick collected from Taoranting Park,suggesting multiple viral introductions into Beijing.Serological analysis showed that>50%of hedgehogs carried SFTSV-neutralizing antibodies in spring;yet seropositivity declined markedly in summer and autumn,indicating recurrent infections and implicating hedgehogs as potential reservoirs.These findings reveal an urban SFTSV transmission cycle maintained by hedgehogs and parthenogenetic H.longicornis,emphasizing the urgency of enhanced surveillance and public health interventions to curb urban zoonotic risks.展开更多
A strong basal texture is typically developed in magnesium alloy sheets that have been subjected to the rolling process.Consequently,their mechanical properties and formability are significantly impaired,which in turn...A strong basal texture is typically developed in magnesium alloy sheets that have been subjected to the rolling process.Consequently,their mechanical properties and formability are significantly impaired,which in turn restricts potential applications.In this study,an innovative texture-altering technique,which involves in-plane free compression and width-constrained rolling(FCWR),is used for AZ31 alloy sheets in order to manufacture magnesium alloy sheets with both high strength and high ductility.During FCWR deformation process,a substantial number of tensile twins and a small quantity of(1012)-(01¯12)twin-twin boundaries are induced to coordinate plastic deformation.It is precisely the presence of such crossed twins that impedes the detwinning of partial twins under low-stress conditions.The retained twins hinder the motion of dislocation,thereby enhancing the strength.Specifically,the yield strength of preset crossed twins sample along rolling direction,45°and transverse direction has increased by 105%,16.8%and 23%,respectively.Additionally,the ultimate tensile strength along these three directions has increased by 42.7%,25.5%and 34.8%,respectively.The twin boundaries in FCWR sample consist of steps,which correspond to basal-prismatic(BP/PB)boundaries that connect straight terraces which are parallel to theoretical{10¯12}twin boundaries.Furthermore,as the number of processing passes increases,the step features become more pronounced.Compared with the as-received sample,the YS enhancement in the sample prepared via the second pass of the FCWR process is attributed to two primary mechanisms:grain refinement strengthening contributes 61 MPa,while dislocation strengthening accounts for 90 MPa.展开更多
Amphiphilic asymmetric brush copolymers(AABCs)possess unique self-assembly behaviors owing to their asymmetric brush architecture and multiple functionalities of multicomponent side chains.However,the synthesis of AAB...Amphiphilic asymmetric brush copolymers(AABCs)possess unique self-assembly behaviors owing to their asymmetric brush architecture and multiple functionalities of multicomponent side chains.However,the synthesis of AABCs presents challenges,which greatly limits the exploration of their self-assembly behaviors.In this work,we employed dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)simulations to investigate the self-assembly behaviors of AABCs in selective solution.By varying the copolymer concentration and structure,we conducted the self-assembly phase diagrams of AABCs,revealing complex morphologies such as channelized micelles with one or more solvophilic channels.Moreover,the number,surface area,and one-dimensional density distribution of the channelized micelles were calculated to demonstrate the internal structure and morphological transformation during the self-assembly process.Our findings indicate that the morphology of the internal solvophilic channels is greatly influenced by the copolymer structure,concentration,and interaction parameters between the different side chains.The simulation results are consistent with available experimental observations,which can offer theoretical insights into the self-assembly of AABCs.展开更多
The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/so...The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate sludge hydrogel was devised by integrating municipal sludge with acrylic acid monomers,ammonium persulphate initiator,N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent,reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate through free radical cross-linking polymerization.The hydrogel’s optimal formulation was identified by adjusting the monomer,crosslinking agent,and initiator dosage while assessing its swelling behavior across various pH environments.Results revealed excellent swelling capacity,notably exhibiting a remarkable swelling capacity of up to 7265.64% at pH 11.0,suggesting the hydrogel’s potential in environmental remediation and innovative material design.This research presents a pioneering approach to harnessing municipal sludge and developing intelligent hydrogels,fostering sustainable resource management.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82203680 and 52273278)the Natural Scientific Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-176)+1 种基金Shenyang Bureau of Science and Technology(No.RC230527)the Central Guidance Funding for Local Scientific and Techno-logical Development in Liaoning(No.2023JH6/100100029).
文摘Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaffolds hinders to achieve optimal repair outcomes in clinical settings.Thus,we aimed to enhance the bone repair ability of polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds by incorporating osteoinductive amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP)with immune-regulating zinc ions(ACP(Zn),ACZP),to create a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment.After one day of co-culture with PCL-ACZP,the spreading area of macrophage cells was significantly higher than that from the original PCL scaffold.Additionally,over 32.1%of macrophages exhibited M2 polarization within three days of co-culture.The PCLACZP/macrophage-conditioned medium significantly boosted osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.After eight weeks of implantation in a rat femoral condyle defect,the BV/TV from the PCL-ACZP group reached 32.9%,1.4 times of that from the PCL group.Furthermore,the PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as prepared successfully achieved complete regeneration of three-walled alveolar bone defects in rabbits,resulting in arch-shaped alveolar bone repair and providing greater convenience in the clinical settings.This study showcased the effectiveness of PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as bioactive scaffolds in the morphological restoration of alveolar bone.
基金project was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130401)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104055,52374058)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2021ME171,ZR2024YQ043)。
文摘CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China(No.2022YFB3705603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52101046)+1 种基金the Excellent Youth Overseas Project of National Science and Natural Foundation of China,the Baowu Special Metallurgy Cooperation Limited(No.22H010101336)the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2022QN076).
文摘Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional surface strengthening technologies,laser shock peening(LSP)has increasingly attracted attention from researchers and industries,since it significantly improves the surface strength,biocompatibility,fa-tigue resistance,and anti-corrosion ability of Ti and its alloys.Despite numerous studies that have been carried out to elucidate the effects of LSP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys in recent years,a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of Ti and its alloys subjected to LSP is still lacking.In this review,the standard LSP and the novel process designs of LSP assisted by thermal,cryogenic,electropulsing and magnetic fields are discussed and compared.Microstructural evolution,with focuses on the dislocation dynamics,deformation twinning,grain refine-ment and surface amorphization,during LSP processing of Ti alloys is reviewed.Furthermore,the en-hanced engineering performance of the L SP-processed(L SPed)Ti alloys,including surface hardness,wear resistance,fatigue life and corrosion resistance are summarized.Finally,this review concludes by present-ing an overview of the current challenges encountered in this field and offering insights into anticipated future trends.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Grant NO.61771065,Grant NO.61571054 and Grant NO.61631005)Beijing Nova Program(NO.Z151100000315077)
文摘In the upcoming 5 G heterogeneous networks, leveraging multiple radio access technologies(RATs) shows to be a crucial issue in achieving RAT multiplexing gain to meet the explosive traffic demand. For always best connection(ABC), users tend to activate parallel transmission across all available RATs. However from a system-wide perspective, this might not be optimal given the context of network load, interference and diverse service requirements. To intelligently determine how to use these multi-RAT access resources concurrently, this paper proposes a joint multi-RAT user association and resource allocation strategy with triple decision and integrated context awareness of users and networks. A dynamic game based ant colony algorithm(GACA) is designed to simultaneously maximize the system utility and the fairness of resource allocation. Simulation results show that it's more reasonable to make multi-RAT association decision from a system-wide viewpoint than from an individual one. Compared to max-SNR based and ABC based strategies, the proposed method alleviates network congestion and optimizes resource allocation. It obtains 39%~70% performance improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378338,U22A20421)the Project for Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Province of China(2024H4007)。
文摘Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF),a bioplastic synthesized via the polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)with ethylene glycol,can be served as a substitute to petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate(PET)due to its enhanced material properties.However,the fabrication of PEF with stable and desirable properties is still a challenge,largely due to the impurities in FDCA.In this study,a highly efficient purification strategy for FDCA was proposed,utilizing a dioxane/H_(2)O binary solvent system for effective crystallization.Furthermore,PEFs were synthesized from FDCA with varying impurity and the effects of these impurities were systematically characterized.The results revealed that impurities in FDCA could result in PEFs with relatively poor thermal properties.This study provides crucial insights for the impact of impurities on PEF properties and FDCA purification.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1300200)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BK20220315)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2022QCY-LL-52,No.2024NC-ZDCYL-03-02)Core and Key technological breakthroughs Project in agriculture of Shanxi Province(No.2023NYGG005).
文摘Background Heat stress(HS)poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction.Sertoli cells(SCs)provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells.HS induces physiological and biochemical changes in SCs.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood.Melatonin is a classic antioxidant that can alleviate HS-induced male reproductive damage.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms by which melatonin mitigates damage to goat testicular SCs remain unclear and require further investigation.Results In this study,an in vivo heat stress model was established in goats.The results showed that HS exposure led to testicular injury,abnormal spermatogenesis and apoptosis of SCs.To elucidate the mechanism of HS-induced SC apoptosis,primary SCs were isolated and cultured from goat testes,then exposed to HS.HS exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),decreased adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis,and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs.Additionally,HS increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins 1(FIS1)and dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)while decreasing the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1(MFN1),Mitofusin 2(MFN2),and optic atrophy 1(OPA1).This resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.Mdivi-1(DRP1 inhibitor)reduces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission.Mitochondrial fission is closely related to mitophagy.HS activated upstream mitophagy but inhibited autophagic flux,disrupting mitophagy and exacerbating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.Finally,the classical antioxidant melatonin was shown to reduce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs exposed to HS by decreasing ROS levels,restoring mitochondrial homeostasis,and normalizing mitophagy.Conclusions In summary,these findings indicated that the mechanism of HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs is mediated by hyperactivation of the ROS-DRP1-mitochondrial fission axis and inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy.Melatonin inhibited HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis.This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers apoptosis and provides a vision for the development of drugs against HS by targeting mitochondria in goats.
文摘BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52474406,52405226,and 52071126)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.E2024202254)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City China(Grant No.22JCQNJC01240)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(Grant No.226Z1009G)the Special funds for science and technology innovation in Hebei(Grant No.2022X19).
文摘A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characterized by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile tests,microhardness tests,and friction wear tests.Corrosion performance was evaluated using electrochemical tests,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyze the passivation film on the alloy surface.The results show that increasing Al content improves the mechanical properties of the alloy,but excessive Al leads to the creation of Ti_(3)Al,resulting in a substantial deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the alloy.The alloy with 7 wt.%Al exhibited the best overall mechanical properties.Electrochemical experiments revealed that higher Al content positively affected the corrosion resistance,with the alloy containing 7 wt.%Al showing the best corrosion resistance,followed by a slight decline.A small amount of Al_(2)O_(3)in the passivation film enhanced the corrosion resistance,but the formation of Al_(2)O_(3)with higher Al content decreased the corrosion performance.
文摘This paper explores the historical development and modern transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to dispel the misconception that it is merely“traditional,ancient,backward and unscientific”.TCM,with roots in ancient times,has evolved into a comprehensive medical system through the integration of empirical knowledge and theoretical frameworks.This review summarizes TCM’s development from three aspects:(1)Ancient Medical Development:From the Spring and Autumn to Han-Tang periods(770 B.C.E.-907 C.E.),the focus was on summarizing experience.A clear disciplinary classification emerged during the Song and Ming Dynasties(960 C.E.-1644 C.E.),and a complete medical system was established in the Qing Dynasty(1636 C.E.-1912 C.E.).(2)Modern Medical Development:Influenced by the European Industrial Revolution,new natural sciences-based technologies enhanced Western medicine’s diagnostic and treatment efficiency.The promotion of Western medicine in China and its metrological concepts,which underpin metrology-based medicine(MBM),in turn propelled the development of TCM.(3)The integration of modern TCM with metrology science has significantly changed TCM’s treatment and pharmaceutical fields.In recent decades,the introduction of western medicine has advanced TCM,creating a combined approach that leverages the advantages of both traditions.Supported by metrology and modern sciences,this integration has provided new tools for TCM quantification,standardization,and quality control.The paper emphasizes key milestones in TCM history,the impact of Western medicine and metrology on its modernization,and the potential of integrated approaches for complex medical challenges.It highlights the importance of preserving traditional knowledge while innovating to enhance TCM’s efficacy and safety.Future prospects suggest that TCM,combined with Metrology-based medicine,may play a crucial role in treating complex diseases,as modern Chinese medicine(MCM)has evolved with scientific advancements and integration of contemporary techniques.
基金supported by the Joint Project of Science and Technology Plan of Liaoning Province(grant No.2024-MSLH-5512024).
文摘Wound healing is a series of complex biological events that are tightly coordinated by the body.However,this physiological process is compromised in a pathological setting and underlie conditions including diabetic complications,infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.Clinically,this translates to multiple pathological features collectively exhibited(microbial colonization,chronic inflammation and impaired regenerative processes).Due to these pathological features,modernwound care approaches have changed from simple passive coverage products to advanced dressing systems which incorporate multifunctional therapies.To comprehensively elucidate recent advancements in advanced wound dressings for drug delivery applications,this review systematically examines material-driven drug release strategies through multiple analytical dimensions.The discussion encompasses structurally engineered controlled-release systems featuring bilayer architectures,layer-by-layer assembly techniques and porous matrix designs,as well as intelligent stimulus-responsive mechanisms based on physicochemical properties,including physical condition modulation,swelling/degradation behavior control,dynamic chemical bond engineering and crosslinking network optimization.Through critical analysis of these cutting-edge technologies,this article provides insightful perspectives on their clinical translation potential and future trajectories.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0196600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175349)the Shanghai Oriental Talent Program(No.BJKJ2024016).
文摘The impact of various initial states on the ultimate mechanical properties of medium Mn steel(MMnS)following the hot stamping process is revealed.MMnS blanks with three typical initial states were prepared separately,including hot-rolled,cold-rolled and cold-rolled and annealed(CRA).Their microstructures were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction,and their mechanical properties were measured by tensile tests following hot stamping and baking treatments.The results reveal that the microstructure of martensite and residual austenite characterizes the hot-stamped MMnS across different rolling conditions,with CRA state exhibiting a clearly higher residual austenite content compared to the other two states.Meanwhile,CRA state boasts not only the highest tensile strength but also the greatest elongation post-hot stamping treatment.The superior comprehensive mechanical properties are attributed to its unique biphase structure of Mn-rich austenite and Mn-poor ferrite,which emerges in CRA state following a 12 h intercritical annealing and can be partially preserved during the hot stamping process.This structure is instrumental in achieving a higher level of residual austenite,consequently leading to enhanced elongation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22161142018,21991081,22177056,and 22174074)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA1600304).
文摘The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational restraints on the proteins or their complexes.The rigid connection of the nitroxide spin label to the protein improves the accuracy and precision of distance measurement.We report a new spin labelling approach by formation of thioester bond between nitroxide(NO)spin label,NOAI(NO spin labels activated by acetylimidazole),and a protein thiol,and this spin labeling method has demonstrated high performance in DEER distance measurement on proteins.The results showed that NOAI has shorter connection to the protein ligation site than 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrroline-1-oxyl methanethiosulfonate(MTSL)and 3-maleimido-proxyl(M-Prox)in the respective protein conjugate and produces narrower distance distributions for the tested proteins including ubiquitin(Ub),immunoglobulin-binding b1 domain of streptococcal protein G(GB1),and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(Smac).The NOAI protein conjugate connected by a thioester bond is resistant to reducing reagent and offers highfidelity DEER distance measurements in cell lysates.
基金supported by the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2024YFC2607500)the Initiative Scientific Research Program,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023IOZ0205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20363).
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),an emerging tick-borne pathogen,has caused a rising number of human cases in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing since 2021.This study explores the seasonal dynamics of hedgehog-associated ticks and SFTSV transmission in urban parks of Beijing.Surveys across six parks revealed distinct activity patterns:adult Haemaphysalis longicornis peaked in summer,while nymphs dominated spring and autumn.All collected H.longicornis belonged to parthenogenetic populations.A near-complete SFTSV genome(C4 strain)was identified in a tick collected from Taoranting Park,suggesting multiple viral introductions into Beijing.Serological analysis showed that>50%of hedgehogs carried SFTSV-neutralizing antibodies in spring;yet seropositivity declined markedly in summer and autumn,indicating recurrent infections and implicating hedgehogs as potential reservoirs.These findings reveal an urban SFTSV transmission cycle maintained by hedgehogs and parthenogenetic H.longicornis,emphasizing the urgency of enhanced surveillance and public health interventions to curb urban zoonotic risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1810208 and 52401162)Shanxi province science and technology major projects,China(Grant No.20181101008).
文摘A strong basal texture is typically developed in magnesium alloy sheets that have been subjected to the rolling process.Consequently,their mechanical properties and formability are significantly impaired,which in turn restricts potential applications.In this study,an innovative texture-altering technique,which involves in-plane free compression and width-constrained rolling(FCWR),is used for AZ31 alloy sheets in order to manufacture magnesium alloy sheets with both high strength and high ductility.During FCWR deformation process,a substantial number of tensile twins and a small quantity of(1012)-(01¯12)twin-twin boundaries are induced to coordinate plastic deformation.It is precisely the presence of such crossed twins that impedes the detwinning of partial twins under low-stress conditions.The retained twins hinder the motion of dislocation,thereby enhancing the strength.Specifically,the yield strength of preset crossed twins sample along rolling direction,45°and transverse direction has increased by 105%,16.8%and 23%,respectively.Additionally,the ultimate tensile strength along these three directions has increased by 42.7%,25.5%and 34.8%,respectively.The twin boundaries in FCWR sample consist of steps,which correspond to basal-prismatic(BP/PB)boundaries that connect straight terraces which are parallel to theoretical{10¯12}twin boundaries.Furthermore,as the number of processing passes increases,the step features become more pronounced.Compared with the as-received sample,the YS enhancement in the sample prepared via the second pass of the FCWR process is attributed to two primary mechanisms:grain refinement strengthening contributes 61 MPa,while dislocation strengthening accounts for 90 MPa.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52325308)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273008 and 52073092)+1 种基金Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects(No.22ZR1479300)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1402500).
文摘Amphiphilic asymmetric brush copolymers(AABCs)possess unique self-assembly behaviors owing to their asymmetric brush architecture and multiple functionalities of multicomponent side chains.However,the synthesis of AABCs presents challenges,which greatly limits the exploration of their self-assembly behaviors.In this work,we employed dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)simulations to investigate the self-assembly behaviors of AABCs in selective solution.By varying the copolymer concentration and structure,we conducted the self-assembly phase diagrams of AABCs,revealing complex morphologies such as channelized micelles with one or more solvophilic channels.Moreover,the number,surface area,and one-dimensional density distribution of the channelized micelles were calculated to demonstrate the internal structure and morphological transformation during the self-assembly process.Our findings indicate that the morphology of the internal solvophilic channels is greatly influenced by the copolymer structure,concentration,and interaction parameters between the different side chains.The simulation results are consistent with available experimental observations,which can offer theoretical insights into the self-assembly of AABCs.
基金the Hubei Provincial Key Scientific Research Project on Water Resources“Study on the Distribution and Characteristics of Sediment Siltation in the Key Waters of Zhanghe Reservoir(HBSLKY202302)”Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology 2023 Knowledge and Innovation Special Project,“Research on key technology for fine traceability of total phosphorus in urban lakes in Wuhan”(No.2023020201010119)+1 种基金the National Visiting Scholar Program for Key Young Teachers of Central and Western Universities,and the Ministry of Education(19042)Science and Technology Tackling Projects in Henan Province in 2025(Research on key technology for removing microdust from the surface of photovoltaic power generation panels by spray coating with high-efficiency hydrogel coatings prepared from multi-source solid wastes).
文摘The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate sludge hydrogel was devised by integrating municipal sludge with acrylic acid monomers,ammonium persulphate initiator,N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent,reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate through free radical cross-linking polymerization.The hydrogel’s optimal formulation was identified by adjusting the monomer,crosslinking agent,and initiator dosage while assessing its swelling behavior across various pH environments.Results revealed excellent swelling capacity,notably exhibiting a remarkable swelling capacity of up to 7265.64% at pH 11.0,suggesting the hydrogel’s potential in environmental remediation and innovative material design.This research presents a pioneering approach to harnessing municipal sludge and developing intelligent hydrogels,fostering sustainable resource management.
