In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the conce...In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus（DP） to total DP（fanti） in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） investigation in different matrices has been reported largely,whereas reports on snow samples were limited.Snow,as the main matrix in the polar region,has an important study m...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） investigation in different matrices has been reported largely,whereas reports on snow samples were limited.Snow,as the main matrix in the polar region,has an important study meaning.PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic,as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs.Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride,then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo（a）pyrene.Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them.Three factors （Naphthalene,Fluorene and Phenanthrene） accounted for 60.57%,21.61% and 9.80%,respectively.The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation,and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula.The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones.The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.展开更多
The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyz...The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyzed in indoor air samples from kitchens and living rooms in 14 residential homes in Beijing,China.The concentrations of ∑_(13)OPEs in kitchen air samples(mean:13 ng/m^(3))were significantly(p<0.05)higher than in living room air samples(5.0 ng/m^(3)).In addition,paired window surface organic film samples were collected and analyzed to investigate film-air partitioning,exhibiting a mean concentration of ∑_(13)OPEs of 4100 ng/m^(2).The congener profiles showed that tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP)was the predominant compound in both window film samples(48%)and the corresponding indoor air sample(56%).The estimated daily intakes(EDI)of OPEs via indoor air inhalation were 2.8 and 1.4 ng/kg/day for infants and adults,respectively,both of which are below the reference dose values(RfDs).Overall,these findings indicate that OPEs in the indoor air environment of residential homes in Beijing are not likely to pose a health risk to the general population.展开更多
Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether（PBDE） congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms（crab, loach and carp） collected from the Liaohe River Bas...Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether（PBDE） congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms（crab, loach and carp） collected from the Liaohe River Basin, northeastern China. The total contents of PBDEs（∑_（16）PBDEs） in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4–3246.3 pg/g dry weight（dw）, and 192.1–1783.8 pg/g dw, respectively. BDE 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. The concentrations of ∑_（16）PBDEs in sediments were significantly higher than those in the adjacent paddy soils, indicating a potential transport of PBDEs from river to paddy ecosystems via river water irrigation. The biota–soil accumulation factor（BSAF） was calculated as the ratio between the lipid-normalized concentration in paddyfield organisms and the total organic carbon-normalized concentration in paddy soil. The average BSAF values of ∑15PBDEs followed the sequence of crab（3.6） 〉 loach（3.3） 〉 carp（2.1）. BDE 154 had the highest BSAF value, and a parabolic trend between BSAF values of individual PBDE congeners and their log KOWvalues was observed. In view of the fact that crab had the larger BSAF value and higher lipid content, the ecological risk and health risk for crab cultivation in paddy fields should be of particular concern.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21377032)the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Program (Nos. 2014-02-01, 2014-03-04, 2014-04-01, 2014-04-03)+1 种基金the Marine Public Welfare Scientific Research Projects (No. 201105013)the Foundation of Polar Science Key Laboratory, SOA, China (No. KP201208)
文摘In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus（DP） to total DP（fanti） in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.
基金supported by the State Ocean Administration Young Scientists Research Program of China (No.2009507)the China Marine Public-welfare Program (No.200805095,201105013)
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） investigation in different matrices has been reported largely,whereas reports on snow samples were limited.Snow,as the main matrix in the polar region,has an important study meaning.PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic,as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs.Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride,then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo（a）pyrene.Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them.Three factors （Naphthalene,Fluorene and Phenanthrene） accounted for 60.57%,21.61% and 9.80%,respectively.The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation,and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula.The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones.The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2018YFC0213103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22021003,21625702).
文摘The production and application of organophosphate esters(OPEs)have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants.In this study,13 OPEs(∑_(13)OPEs)were analyzed in indoor air samples from kitchens and living rooms in 14 residential homes in Beijing,China.The concentrations of ∑_(13)OPEs in kitchen air samples(mean:13 ng/m^(3))were significantly(p<0.05)higher than in living room air samples(5.0 ng/m^(3)).In addition,paired window surface organic film samples were collected and analyzed to investigate film-air partitioning,exhibiting a mean concentration of ∑_(13)OPEs of 4100 ng/m^(2).The congener profiles showed that tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP)was the predominant compound in both window film samples(48%)and the corresponding indoor air sample(56%).The estimated daily intakes(EDI)of OPEs via indoor air inhalation were 2.8 and 1.4 ng/kg/day for infants and adults,respectively,both of which are below the reference dose values(RfDs).Overall,these findings indicate that OPEs in the indoor air environment of residential homes in Beijing are not likely to pose a health risk to the general population.
基金supported by the Chinese Public Welfare Projects on Environmental Protection (No. 201309030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21077102 and 41201491)
文摘Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether（PBDE） congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms（crab, loach and carp） collected from the Liaohe River Basin, northeastern China. The total contents of PBDEs（∑_（16）PBDEs） in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4–3246.3 pg/g dry weight（dw）, and 192.1–1783.8 pg/g dw, respectively. BDE 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. The concentrations of ∑_（16）PBDEs in sediments were significantly higher than those in the adjacent paddy soils, indicating a potential transport of PBDEs from river to paddy ecosystems via river water irrigation. The biota–soil accumulation factor（BSAF） was calculated as the ratio between the lipid-normalized concentration in paddyfield organisms and the total organic carbon-normalized concentration in paddy soil. The average BSAF values of ∑15PBDEs followed the sequence of crab（3.6） 〉 loach（3.3） 〉 carp（2.1）. BDE 154 had the highest BSAF value, and a parabolic trend between BSAF values of individual PBDE congeners and their log KOWvalues was observed. In view of the fact that crab had the larger BSAF value and higher lipid content, the ecological risk and health risk for crab cultivation in paddy fields should be of particular concern.
