This paper comprehensively reviews China＇s openness since 1978 from three aspects： trade, foreign investment and global production sharing. We point out that the economic development of China is now standing at a hi...This paper comprehensively reviews China＇s openness since 1978 from three aspects： trade, foreign investment and global production sharing. We point out that the economic development of China is now standing at a historic turning point. Specifically, economic changes in China are discassed from four dimensions： （i） from China being a world assembly line to a world manufacturing powerhouse; （ii） from China being a world capital receiver to a world investor; （iii） from China being a world factory to a world market; and （iv） from the situation of ＂made in China＂ to ＂innovated in China.＂ At the same time, the global economic system has also reached a turning point. A ＂North America-Europe-Asia ＂ tri-polar system has formed, in which the USA, Germany and China, respectively, serve as the regional core economies.展开更多
Based on the product-country level trade data from 2004 to 2017,as well as the High-Tech Products Catalog from the US Census Bureau,this paper examines empirically the current phenomenon of"national concentration...Based on the product-country level trade data from 2004 to 2017,as well as the High-Tech Products Catalog from the US Census Bureau,this paper examines empirically the current phenomenon of"national concentration"in high-tech exports.The results show that the phenomenon of"national concentration"not only exists but also tends to be self-reinforcing.Compared with other products,the exports of high-tech products tend to be concentrated in certain countries,and this concentration trends were further strengthened after the global financial crisis of2008-2009.The national concentration of R&D activities may be one of the important causes of the national concentration of high-tech products.This pattern remains robust when we further use the value-added export data and different definitions of high-tech products.We argue that the phenomenon of"national concentration"of high-tech exports may herald the arrival of the"Second Great Divergence"-the divergence between innovative and manufacturing activities-in the global economy.展开更多
基金We thank Yacheng Yang and Chunrui Liu from Tsinghua University for providing very helpful research assistance. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 71503047）, the Beijing Social Science Foundation （No. 15JGC 162）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the University of International Business and Economics （No. 16YQ02）. 1In this paper, ＂China＂ refers to ＂Chinese mainland.＂
文摘This paper comprehensively reviews China＇s openness since 1978 from three aspects： trade, foreign investment and global production sharing. We point out that the economic development of China is now standing at a historic turning point. Specifically, economic changes in China are discassed from four dimensions： （i） from China being a world assembly line to a world manufacturing powerhouse; （ii） from China being a world capital receiver to a world investor; （iii） from China being a world factory to a world market; and （iv） from the situation of ＂made in China＂ to ＂innovated in China.＂ At the same time, the global economic system has also reached a turning point. A ＂North America-Europe-Asia ＂ tri-polar system has formed, in which the USA, Germany and China, respectively, serve as the regional core economies.
基金support from the Center for International Finance and Economic Research,Tsinghua University.Bing Lu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72203023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202 INTSS12)Xinding Yu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72173021).
文摘Based on the product-country level trade data from 2004 to 2017,as well as the High-Tech Products Catalog from the US Census Bureau,this paper examines empirically the current phenomenon of"national concentration"in high-tech exports.The results show that the phenomenon of"national concentration"not only exists but also tends to be self-reinforcing.Compared with other products,the exports of high-tech products tend to be concentrated in certain countries,and this concentration trends were further strengthened after the global financial crisis of2008-2009.The national concentration of R&D activities may be one of the important causes of the national concentration of high-tech products.This pattern remains robust when we further use the value-added export data and different definitions of high-tech products.We argue that the phenomenon of"national concentration"of high-tech exports may herald the arrival of the"Second Great Divergence"-the divergence between innovative and manufacturing activities-in the global economy.
