Primary signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)of the prostate is a rare neoplasm.However,its potential tumorigenic mechanism,clinicopathological features,and prognostic outcome have not been systematically described.To dete...Primary signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)of the prostate is a rare neoplasm.However,its potential tumorigenic mechanism,clinicopathological features,and prognostic outcome have not been systematically described.To determine the pathogenic mechanism,we detected distributions of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1),programmed death 1(PD-1),and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment,including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(CD4 and CD8),tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs;CD163 and CD68),and tumor-associated fibroblasts(vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA]),in tumor tissues from four patients with primary prostatic SRCC compared with corresponding adjacent tissues and tumor tissues from 30 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma(PCa)by immunohistochemical staining.We found higher expression of PD-L1,CD163,and CD68 in primary SRCC specimens than that in both corresponding adjacent nontumor specimens and PCa specimens with different Gleason scores,indicating that TAMs may participate in the malignant biological behavior of primary SRCC of the prostate.For further analysis,we searched electronic journal databases and Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)to identify 200 eligible patients including our four cases.According to Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis,patients<68 years old,with radical prostatectomy(RP),Gleason score of 7–8,and lower clinical stage had longer overall survival(OS).Moreover,Cox multivariate analysis indicated that race(hazard ratio[HR]=1.422),surgical approach(HR=1.654),and Gleason score(HR=2.162)were independent prognostic factors for OS.Therefore,primary SRCC of the prostate represents a distinct and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer associated with a higher distribution of PD-L1 and TAMs,which warrants further clinical investigation.展开更多
We report a new DUV transparent(<200 nm)noncentrosymmetric Na_(1.5)Rb_(0.5)PO_(3)F·H_(2)O compound crystallizing in the Pmn2_(1)space group.This compound exhibits the second largest birefringence in the monofl...We report a new DUV transparent(<200 nm)noncentrosymmetric Na_(1.5)Rb_(0.5)PO_(3)F·H_(2)O compound crystallizing in the Pmn2_(1)space group.This compound exhibits the second largest birefringence in the monofluorophosphate family,Δn_(obv).=0.04 at 546 nm,which is attributed to the nearly uniform alignment of the P-F bonds.The SHG response is observed to be 0.55×KDP at 1064 nm.More interestingly,the precise substitution of NH_(4)^(+)with Na^(+)/Rb^(+)cations in the well-known structure(NH_(4))_(2)PO_(3)F·H_(2)O leads to a stepwise reconstruction of the hydrogen bond networks,which eventually alters the crystal symmetry and the optical properties.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31800787 and No.81772739)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.LQ2017025)+2 种基金the Doctoral Research Startup Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20180540020)the Medical Scientific Research Project of Dalian City(No.1812038)the United Fund of the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(UF-QN-202004).
文摘Primary signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)of the prostate is a rare neoplasm.However,its potential tumorigenic mechanism,clinicopathological features,and prognostic outcome have not been systematically described.To determine the pathogenic mechanism,we detected distributions of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1),programmed death 1(PD-1),and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment,including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(CD4 and CD8),tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs;CD163 and CD68),and tumor-associated fibroblasts(vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA]),in tumor tissues from four patients with primary prostatic SRCC compared with corresponding adjacent tissues and tumor tissues from 30 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma(PCa)by immunohistochemical staining.We found higher expression of PD-L1,CD163,and CD68 in primary SRCC specimens than that in both corresponding adjacent nontumor specimens and PCa specimens with different Gleason scores,indicating that TAMs may participate in the malignant biological behavior of primary SRCC of the prostate.For further analysis,we searched electronic journal databases and Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)to identify 200 eligible patients including our four cases.According to Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis,patients<68 years old,with radical prostatectomy(RP),Gleason score of 7–8,and lower clinical stage had longer overall survival(OS).Moreover,Cox multivariate analysis indicated that race(hazard ratio[HR]=1.422),surgical approach(HR=1.654),and Gleason score(HR=2.162)were independent prognostic factors for OS.Therefore,primary SRCC of the prostate represents a distinct and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer associated with a higher distribution of PD-L1 and TAMs,which warrants further clinical investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975032)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2202022).
文摘We report a new DUV transparent(<200 nm)noncentrosymmetric Na_(1.5)Rb_(0.5)PO_(3)F·H_(2)O compound crystallizing in the Pmn2_(1)space group.This compound exhibits the second largest birefringence in the monofluorophosphate family,Δn_(obv).=0.04 at 546 nm,which is attributed to the nearly uniform alignment of the P-F bonds.The SHG response is observed to be 0.55×KDP at 1064 nm.More interestingly,the precise substitution of NH_(4)^(+)with Na^(+)/Rb^(+)cations in the well-known structure(NH_(4))_(2)PO_(3)F·H_(2)O leads to a stepwise reconstruction of the hydrogen bond networks,which eventually alters the crystal symmetry and the optical properties.
