Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared...Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).Methods:A total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study.The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success.The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs),which included all cause of death,myocardial infarction (MI),stroke,repeat revascularization,and major bleeding.Patients were followed-up for 1-year.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs),which included death,MI,and repeat revascularization,at 1-year follow-up were also compared.Results:The angiographic success was reached by 97.4％ in the TRA group compared with 100％ in the TFA group (P =0.02).The procedure success was achieved in 99.1％ in the TRA group and 97.9％ in the TFA group (P =0.68).The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7％ vs.2.7％,P =1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5％ vs.12.0％,P =0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA.Meanwhile,TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P =0.02).In patients undergoing graft PCI,the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0％ vs.98.7％,P =1.00).The procedure time (25.0 min vs.27.5 min,P =0.53) was also similar.No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs.0,P =1.00)and 1-year MACE (21.4％ vs.10.3％,P =0.19).Conclusions:Compared with TFA,TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients.TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.展开更多
The spatiotemporal evolution of hairpin vortex structures in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using two image methods.In this paper,the moving single-frame...The spatiotemporal evolution of hairpin vortex structures in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using two image methods.In this paper,the moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)image method is used to intuitively track the evolution process of a hairpin vortex,while the moving particle image velocimetry(moving-PIV)method is applied for obtaining a moving velocity field for quantitative analysis.According to the structural characteristics of the hairpin vortex,an inclined light sheet with an appropriate inclination of 53°is arranged to capture the complete hairpin vortex structure at Re_(θ)=97–194.In addition,the core size and the rotational strength of a hairpin vortex are further defined and quantified by the Liutex vector method.The evolution process of a complete hairpin vortex structure observed by MSFLE shows that the shear along the normal direction leads to an increasing strength of the hairpin vortex,accompanied by a lifting vortex head and a distance decrease between two vortex legs during the dissipation period.By combining moving-PIV with the Liutex identification,the spatiotemporal evolution of four typical regions of a hairpin vortex projecting into a 53°cross-section is obtained.The results show that the process from the generation to the dissipation of a single hairpin vortex can be well characterized and recorded by the Liutex based on the core size and rotational intensity,and the evolution process is consistent with the MSFLE result.According to the statistics of vortex core size and rotation intensity along time,the evolution of the hairpin vortex necks and legs can be described as a process of enhancement followed by dissipation.For the vortex head,its evolution maintains longer attributed to its far-from-wall position,which consists of an absolute enhancement process(stage 1)with an increasing rotation strength and a constant core size,and an absolute dissipation(stage 2)with a decreasing rotation strength and a constant core size.展开更多
The mechanisms regulating spring phenology have been extensively studied in angiosperm species.However,given that gymnosperms and angiosperms diverged 300 million years ago,phenology may be triggered by different cues...The mechanisms regulating spring phenology have been extensively studied in angiosperm species.However,given that gymnosperms and angiosperms diverged 300 million years ago,phenology may be triggered by different cues in gymnosperm species.The regulatory mechanisms of phenology in subtropical regions remain largely unknown.In combination,it remains untested whether subtropical gymnosperm species have chilling requirements and are photosensitive.We conducted a climate chamber experiment with three chilling and three photoperiod treatments to investigate budburst during an 8-week forcing period.We tested whether budburst of eight gymnosperms species(Cryptomeria japonica,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Cupressus funebris,Ginkgo biloba,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Pinus massoniana,Pseudolarix amabilis and Podocarpus macrophyllus)was photoperiod sensitive or has strong chilling requirements and whether photoperiod or chilling was more important for advancing budburst.Chilling advanced budburst and increased the percentage of budburst for gymnosperm species.Gymnosperm species required moderate chilling days to advance budburst.Interestingly,the forcing requirement for gymnosperm species was higher than that for angiosperms in the same forest,suggesting that gymnosperms may need more cumulative forcing to initiate budburst than do angiosperms.Compared with temperate gymnosperm species in Germany(194-600℃days),the subtropical species studied here had a much higher forcing requirement(814-1150℃days).The effects of photoperiod were minor,suggesting that chilling outweighs photoperiod in advancing budburst of gymnosperm species in this subtropical region.These results reveal that increased winter temperatures with continued global warming may impact not only angiosperms but also gymnosperms,leading to their delayed spring budburst.展开更多
文摘Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).Methods:A total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study.The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success.The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs),which included all cause of death,myocardial infarction (MI),stroke,repeat revascularization,and major bleeding.Patients were followed-up for 1-year.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs),which included death,MI,and repeat revascularization,at 1-year follow-up were also compared.Results:The angiographic success was reached by 97.4％ in the TRA group compared with 100％ in the TFA group (P =0.02).The procedure success was achieved in 99.1％ in the TRA group and 97.9％ in the TFA group (P =0.68).The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7％ vs.2.7％,P =1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5％ vs.12.0％,P =0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA.Meanwhile,TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P =0.02).In patients undergoing graft PCI,the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0％ vs.98.7％,P =1.00).The procedure time (25.0 min vs.27.5 min,P =0.53) was also similar.No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs.0,P =1.00)and 1-year MACE (21.4％ vs.10.3％,P =0.19).Conclusions:Compared with TFA,TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients.TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51906154)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017-V-0016-0069)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.21ZR1443700).
文摘The spatiotemporal evolution of hairpin vortex structures in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using two image methods.In this paper,the moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)image method is used to intuitively track the evolution process of a hairpin vortex,while the moving particle image velocimetry(moving-PIV)method is applied for obtaining a moving velocity field for quantitative analysis.According to the structural characteristics of the hairpin vortex,an inclined light sheet with an appropriate inclination of 53°is arranged to capture the complete hairpin vortex structure at Re_(θ)=97–194.In addition,the core size and the rotational strength of a hairpin vortex are further defined and quantified by the Liutex vector method.The evolution process of a complete hairpin vortex structure observed by MSFLE shows that the shear along the normal direction leads to an increasing strength of the hairpin vortex,accompanied by a lifting vortex head and a distance decrease between two vortex legs during the dissipation period.By combining moving-PIV with the Liutex identification,the spatiotemporal evolution of four typical regions of a hairpin vortex projecting into a 53°cross-section is obtained.The results show that the process from the generation to the dissipation of a single hairpin vortex can be well characterized and recorded by the Liutex based on the core size and rotational intensity,and the evolution process is consistent with the MSFLE result.According to the statistics of vortex core size and rotation intensity along time,the evolution of the hairpin vortex necks and legs can be described as a process of enhancement followed by dissipation.For the vortex head,its evolution maintains longer attributed to its far-from-wall position,which consists of an absolute enhancement process(stage 1)with an increasing rotation strength and a constant core size,and an absolute dissipation(stage 2)with a decreasing rotation strength and a constant core size.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Team Program of Hainan Natural Science Fund(2018CXTD331)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(320RC504)Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)1979).
文摘The mechanisms regulating spring phenology have been extensively studied in angiosperm species.However,given that gymnosperms and angiosperms diverged 300 million years ago,phenology may be triggered by different cues in gymnosperm species.The regulatory mechanisms of phenology in subtropical regions remain largely unknown.In combination,it remains untested whether subtropical gymnosperm species have chilling requirements and are photosensitive.We conducted a climate chamber experiment with three chilling and three photoperiod treatments to investigate budburst during an 8-week forcing period.We tested whether budburst of eight gymnosperms species(Cryptomeria japonica,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Cupressus funebris,Ginkgo biloba,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Pinus massoniana,Pseudolarix amabilis and Podocarpus macrophyllus)was photoperiod sensitive or has strong chilling requirements and whether photoperiod or chilling was more important for advancing budburst.Chilling advanced budburst and increased the percentage of budburst for gymnosperm species.Gymnosperm species required moderate chilling days to advance budburst.Interestingly,the forcing requirement for gymnosperm species was higher than that for angiosperms in the same forest,suggesting that gymnosperms may need more cumulative forcing to initiate budburst than do angiosperms.Compared with temperate gymnosperm species in Germany(194-600℃days),the subtropical species studied here had a much higher forcing requirement(814-1150℃days).The effects of photoperiod were minor,suggesting that chilling outweighs photoperiod in advancing budburst of gymnosperm species in this subtropical region.These results reveal that increased winter temperatures with continued global warming may impact not only angiosperms but also gymnosperms,leading to their delayed spring budburst.
