The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial....The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial.Mixing intensification encompasses innovative methods and tools that address the limitations of inadequate mixing within reactors,enabling efficient reaction scaling and boosting the productivity of industrial processes.This review provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of multiphase mixing,followed by case studies highlighting the application of mixing intensification in the production of energy-storage materials,advanced optical materials,and nanopesticides.These examples illustrate the significance of theoretical analysis in informing and advancing engineering practices within the chemical industry.We also explore the challenges and opportunities in this field,offering insights based on our current understanding.展开更多
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布的关于口腔卫生的报道中提出:颌面及唇腭裂是口腔颌面部最常见的先天性发育畸形,全球患病率为1/1500~1/1000(颌面及唇腭裂患者/被观察总人口),我国唇腭裂的发病率约1.82‰[1],术后由于...世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布的关于口腔卫生的报道中提出:颌面及唇腭裂是口腔颌面部最常见的先天性发育畸形,全球患病率为1/1500~1/1000(颌面及唇腭裂患者/被观察总人口),我国唇腭裂的发病率约1.82‰[1],术后由于腭咽闭合不全(velopharyngeal insufficiency,VPI)导致语音障碍的发病率为25.00%~50.00%,神经生理调控障碍中因中枢神经系统异常出现运动失调型语音障碍的发生率为15.00%[2],而合并语言障碍的发生率为28.00%[3],唇腭裂儿童更容易被诊断为精神、智力、语言障碍。研究显示腭裂患者中88.38%存在中重度听力损失,且未经治疗的中耳炎是导致听力损失的重要因素[4]。展开更多
Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnific...Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnification telecentric lens and laser-enhanced illumination to invasively capture the motion of particles on the membrane surface or near the membrane.The problems of working distance and particle interference in the stirred membrane reactor are solved to achieve the purpose of in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling.This method is suitable for high flow rates,high solid holdup,and small particle size systems,and the dynamic motion and accumulation of particles are preliminarily analyzed.It shows that the accumulation and desorption of particles on the membrane surface are related to the physical properties of the membrane surface.There is an intermittent rotational movement in the flow field near the membrane,and it tends to stabilize over time.The filtration process can be assessed by monitoring changes in the overall velocity and acceleration of particles near the membrane.The analysis of forces acting on individual particles is compared and validated with the force balance model to correct and accurately apply it to stirred membrane reactors.The development of LEHTIS provides an effective tool for in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling and optimizing the stirred membrane reactors for industrial applications.展开更多
Tacrolimus(Tac)is a cornerstone immunosuppressant in the treatment regimens for organ transplant recipients.However,its extensive clinical use has brought attention to its associated drug safety concerns.Recent case r...Tacrolimus(Tac)is a cornerstone immunosuppressant in the treatment regimens for organ transplant recipients.However,its extensive clinical use has brought attention to its associated drug safety concerns.Recent case reports highlighting Tac-induced gastrointestinal ulcers have prompted further investigation.In the present study,we analyzed Tac-associated adverse events using data from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)to identify potential adverse event signals.Adverse event reports were collected up to the third quarter(Q3)of 2023,revealing 339 cases of Tac-related gastrointestinal ulcers.A disproportionality analysis was conducted utilizing the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network of information component(IC)and reporting odds ratio(ROR)methods.All statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.6.1.The findings demonstrated a significant signal for gastrointestinal ulcers associated with Tac use,with a ROR1 of 1.87(95%CI:1.68-2.08)and an IC1 of 0.89(95%CI:0.73-1.05)when compared to all other drugs.When compared specifically to cyclosporine,Tac also showed a significant signal(ROR2=1.55,95%CI:1.28-1.86;IC2=0.24,95%CI:0.04-0.44).Further analysis identified age,male gender,and European descent as risk factors for mortality outcomes in patients with Tac-associated gastrointestinal ulcers.These findings highlighted the critical need for clinicians to strengthen the monitoring and early detection of gastrointestinal ulcers in patients undergoing Tac therapy.Enhanced vigilance in this regard is essential to optimize the management and care of transplant patients.展开更多
As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these ...As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these sorbents,such as oxidative and water stability,pose significant challenges to their widespread commercial adoption.Moreover,the understanding of the relationship between adsorption energy and adsorption sites is not known.In this work,a dual-bond strategy was used to create novel secondary amine structures by a polyethyleneimine(PEI)network with electron-extracted(EE)amine sites at adjacent sites,thereby weakening the CO_(2)binding energy while maintaining the binding ability.Insitu FT-IR and DFT demonstrated the oxygen-containing functional groups adjacent to the amino group withdraw electrons from the N atom thereby reducing the CO_(2)adsorption capacity of the secondary amine,resulting in lower regeneration energy consumption of 1.39 GJ t^(-1)-CO_(2)In addition,the EE sorbents demonstrated remarkable performance with retention of over 90%of their working capacity after 100 cycles,even under harsh conditions containing 10%O_(2)and 20%H_(2)O.DFT calculations were employed to clarify for the first time the mechanism that the oxygen functional group at the a-site hinders the formation of the urea structure,thereby being an antioxidant.These findings highlight the promising potential of such sorbents for deployment in various CO_(2)emission scenarios,irrespective of environmental conditions.展开更多
Five meroterpenoids,rhodonoids K-M(1-2),daurichromene E(3),and grifolins A-B(4-5),together with seven known compounds(6-12),were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides.The chemical structures of these compounds we...Five meroterpenoids,rhodonoids K-M(1-2),daurichromene E(3),and grifolins A-B(4-5),together with seven known compounds(6-12),were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides.The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS),ultraviolet(UV),infrared spectroscopy(IR),and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)data.Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra with computed values.Notably,compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells.These compounds markedly suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)while also down-regulating the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).展开更多
The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Bas...The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Based on the multiphase macro-flow field,the key parameters of the micro-mixing E-model were obtained with solving the Reynolds-averaged transport equations of mixture fraction and its variance at low computational costs.Compared with experimental data,the multiphase numerical method shows the satisfactory predicting ability.For the gas–liquid system,the segregated reaction zone is mainly near the feed point,and shrinks to the exit of feed-pipe when the feed position is closer to the impeller.Besides,surface feed requires more time to completely exhaust the added H+solution than that of impeller region feed at the same operating condition.For the solid–liquid system,when the solid suspension cloud is formed at high solid holdups,the flow velocity in the clear liquid layer above the cloud is notably reduced and the reactions proceed slowly in this almost stagnant zone.Therefore,the segregation index in this case is larger than that in the dilute solid–liquid system.展开更多
Laminar mixing in the stirred tank is widely encountered in chemical and biological industries.Isolated mixing regions(IMRs)usually exist when the fluid medium has high viscosity,which are not conducive to mixing.In t...Laminar mixing in the stirred tank is widely encountered in chemical and biological industries.Isolated mixing regions(IMRs)usually exist when the fluid medium has high viscosity,which are not conducive to mixing.In this work,the researches on IMRs,enhancement of laminar mixing and the phenomenon of particle clustering within IMRs are reviewed.For most studies,the aim is to destroy IMRs and improve the chaotic mixing.To this end,the mechanism of chaotic mixing and the structure of IMRs were well investigated.The methods developed to destroy IMRs include off-centered agitation,dynamic mixing protocol,special designs of impellers,baffles,etc.In addition,the methods to characterize the shape and size of IMRs as well as mixing effect by experiments and simulations are summarized.However,IMRs are not always nuisance,and it may be necessary in some situations.Finally,the present engineering applications are summarized,and the prospect of the future application is predicted.For example,particle clustering will form in the co-existing system of chaotic mixing and IMRs,which can be used for solid–liquid separation and recovery of particles from high viscosity fluid.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288102,22035007,and 22122815)。
文摘The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial.Mixing intensification encompasses innovative methods and tools that address the limitations of inadequate mixing within reactors,enabling efficient reaction scaling and boosting the productivity of industrial processes.This review provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of multiphase mixing,followed by case studies highlighting the application of mixing intensification in the production of energy-storage materials,advanced optical materials,and nanopesticides.These examples illustrate the significance of theoretical analysis in informing and advancing engineering practices within the chemical industry.We also explore the challenges and opportunities in this field,offering insights based on our current understanding.
文摘世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布的关于口腔卫生的报道中提出:颌面及唇腭裂是口腔颌面部最常见的先天性发育畸形,全球患病率为1/1500~1/1000(颌面及唇腭裂患者/被观察总人口),我国唇腭裂的发病率约1.82‰[1],术后由于腭咽闭合不全(velopharyngeal insufficiency,VPI)导致语音障碍的发病率为25.00%~50.00%,神经生理调控障碍中因中枢神经系统异常出现运动失调型语音障碍的发生率为15.00%[2],而合并语言障碍的发生率为28.00%[3],唇腭裂儿童更容易被诊断为精神、智力、语言障碍。研究显示腭裂患者中88.38%存在中重度听力损失,且未经治疗的中耳炎是导致听力损失的重要因素[4]。
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3504000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22421003,22478391,22178345)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y2023012,2022045,2023052)。
文摘Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnification telecentric lens and laser-enhanced illumination to invasively capture the motion of particles on the membrane surface or near the membrane.The problems of working distance and particle interference in the stirred membrane reactor are solved to achieve the purpose of in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling.This method is suitable for high flow rates,high solid holdup,and small particle size systems,and the dynamic motion and accumulation of particles are preliminarily analyzed.It shows that the accumulation and desorption of particles on the membrane surface are related to the physical properties of the membrane surface.There is an intermittent rotational movement in the flow field near the membrane,and it tends to stabilize over time.The filtration process can be assessed by monitoring changes in the overall velocity and acceleration of particles near the membrane.The analysis of forces acting on individual particles is compared and validated with the force balance model to correct and accurately apply it to stirred membrane reactors.The development of LEHTIS provides an effective tool for in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling and optimizing the stirred membrane reactors for industrial applications.
文摘Tacrolimus(Tac)is a cornerstone immunosuppressant in the treatment regimens for organ transplant recipients.However,its extensive clinical use has brought attention to its associated drug safety concerns.Recent case reports highlighting Tac-induced gastrointestinal ulcers have prompted further investigation.In the present study,we analyzed Tac-associated adverse events using data from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)to identify potential adverse event signals.Adverse event reports were collected up to the third quarter(Q3)of 2023,revealing 339 cases of Tac-related gastrointestinal ulcers.A disproportionality analysis was conducted utilizing the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network of information component(IC)and reporting odds ratio(ROR)methods.All statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.6.1.The findings demonstrated a significant signal for gastrointestinal ulcers associated with Tac use,with a ROR1 of 1.87(95%CI:1.68-2.08)and an IC1 of 0.89(95%CI:0.73-1.05)when compared to all other drugs.When compared specifically to cyclosporine,Tac also showed a significant signal(ROR2=1.55,95%CI:1.28-1.86;IC2=0.24,95%CI:0.04-0.44).Further analysis identified age,male gender,and European descent as risk factors for mortality outcomes in patients with Tac-associated gastrointestinal ulcers.These findings highlighted the critical need for clinicians to strengthen the monitoring and early detection of gastrointestinal ulcers in patients undergoing Tac therapy.Enhanced vigilance in this regard is essential to optimize the management and care of transplant patients.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378184,22378183)。
文摘As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these sorbents,such as oxidative and water stability,pose significant challenges to their widespread commercial adoption.Moreover,the understanding of the relationship between adsorption energy and adsorption sites is not known.In this work,a dual-bond strategy was used to create novel secondary amine structures by a polyethyleneimine(PEI)network with electron-extracted(EE)amine sites at adjacent sites,thereby weakening the CO_(2)binding energy while maintaining the binding ability.Insitu FT-IR and DFT demonstrated the oxygen-containing functional groups adjacent to the amino group withdraw electrons from the N atom thereby reducing the CO_(2)adsorption capacity of the secondary amine,resulting in lower regeneration energy consumption of 1.39 GJ t^(-1)-CO_(2)In addition,the EE sorbents demonstrated remarkable performance with retention of over 90%of their working capacity after 100 cycles,even under harsh conditions containing 10%O_(2)and 20%H_(2)O.DFT calculations were employed to clarify for the first time the mechanism that the oxygen functional group at the a-site hinders the formation of the urea structure,thereby being an antioxidant.These findings highlight the promising potential of such sorbents for deployment in various CO_(2)emission scenarios,irrespective of environmental conditions.
基金supported by the second batch of Bureaulevel Projects of the Xizang Medicine Administration of the Xizang Autonomous Region in 2020(No.JJKT20200024).
文摘Five meroterpenoids,rhodonoids K-M(1-2),daurichromene E(3),and grifolins A-B(4-5),together with seven known compounds(6-12),were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides.The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS),ultraviolet(UV),infrared spectroscopy(IR),and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)data.Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra with computed values.Notably,compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells.These compounds markedly suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)while also down-regulating the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0301702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21808221,21776282,21938009)+3 种基金Major Research Plan of NSFC(91934301)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030)the Key Research Program of Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry(No.E0010719)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS。
文摘The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Based on the multiphase macro-flow field,the key parameters of the micro-mixing E-model were obtained with solving the Reynolds-averaged transport equations of mixture fraction and its variance at low computational costs.Compared with experimental data,the multiphase numerical method shows the satisfactory predicting ability.For the gas–liquid system,the segregated reaction zone is mainly near the feed point,and shrinks to the exit of feed-pipe when the feed position is closer to the impeller.Besides,surface feed requires more time to completely exhaust the added H+solution than that of impeller region feed at the same operating condition.For the solid–liquid system,when the solid suspension cloud is formed at high solid holdups,the flow velocity in the clear liquid layer above the cloud is notably reduced and the reactions proceed slowly in this almost stagnant zone.Therefore,the segregation index in this case is larger than that in the dilute solid–liquid system.
基金supports from National Key Research and Develop-ment Program(2020YFA0906804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776282,21978296 and 22078229)+4 种基金the NSFC Key Program(21938009)major project(91934301)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1905805)Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou(1922006)Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAGM2020C06)。
文摘Laminar mixing in the stirred tank is widely encountered in chemical and biological industries.Isolated mixing regions(IMRs)usually exist when the fluid medium has high viscosity,which are not conducive to mixing.In this work,the researches on IMRs,enhancement of laminar mixing and the phenomenon of particle clustering within IMRs are reviewed.For most studies,the aim is to destroy IMRs and improve the chaotic mixing.To this end,the mechanism of chaotic mixing and the structure of IMRs were well investigated.The methods developed to destroy IMRs include off-centered agitation,dynamic mixing protocol,special designs of impellers,baffles,etc.In addition,the methods to characterize the shape and size of IMRs as well as mixing effect by experiments and simulations are summarized.However,IMRs are not always nuisance,and it may be necessary in some situations.Finally,the present engineering applications are summarized,and the prospect of the future application is predicted.For example,particle clustering will form in the co-existing system of chaotic mixing and IMRs,which can be used for solid–liquid separation and recovery of particles from high viscosity fluid.
