This study examines how native pore structures and loading conditions influencethe fracture size distribution and the predictability of catastrophic failure in rocks.Four lithologies with distinct pore characteristics...This study examines how native pore structures and loading conditions influencethe fracture size distribution and the predictability of catastrophic failure in rocks.Four lithologies with distinct pore characteristics,i.e.granite,limestone,red sandstone,and marble,were tested under uniaxial compression and Brazilian splitting.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)was used to characterize pore structures,while acoustic emission(AE)monitoring captured the temporal evolution of microcracking.The relationships among pore properties,AE b-values,and failure predictability were systematically evaluated.Results show that the overall b-value is primarily controlled by native pore size rather than loading condition.Rocks with larger pores display higher b-value and greater temporal variability,whereas those with smaller pores exhibit lower and more stable b-value.To assess failure predictability,the AE count rate was incorporated into an inverse power law model.The model demonstrates higher predictive accuracy for high-porosity rocks.The average predicted failure time(t_(p))decreases monotonically with porosity:under uniaxial compression,t_(p)for granite,marble,limestone,and sandstone are 2.32,1.82,1.42,and 0.03,respectively;under Brazilian splitting,3.54,3.30,0.10,and 0.03.Among the four rock types,sandstone with the highest porosity exhibits the smallest discrepancy between predicted and actual failure time,whereas granite with the lowest porosity shows the largest.As porosity decreases,prediction accuracy progressively declines for limestone and marble.Overall,the findings indicate that native pore heterogeneity governs both fracture scaling behavior and failure predictability,and that these effects are largely independent of the loading conditions examined in this study.展开更多
The coke deposition on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts has been studied in the conversion of ethanol to propylene. The HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method（ZS-HS） and fully b...The coke deposition on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts has been studied in the conversion of ethanol to propylene. The HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method（ZS-HS） and fully blending（ZS-MM）. The used catalysts were characterized by XRD, N;adsorption–desorption, TGA, TPO, elemental analysis, FTIR and XPS. The coking kinetics on both ZS-HS and ZS-MM has been investigated and their coking rate equations were obtained. The used ZS-MM catalyst had higher amount of coke and lower nC:nHthan the used ZS-HS. 90% of the coke was deposited in the micropores of ZS-HS, while almost 45% of the coke located in the micropores of ZS-MM. The coke deposited on ZS-HS catalyst was mainly graphite-like carbon species, whereas dehydrogenated coke species was the major on ZS-MM. The coking activation energy of ZS-MM was lower than that of ZS-HS, and the coking rate on ZS-MM was faster than on ZS-HS. In addition, the regeneration of ZS-MM catalyst showed that it had a good hydrothermal stability. The differences on coking behaviors on the two catalysts were due to their different acidic properties and textures.展开更多
In the last decade,organoid research has entered a golden era,signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape.The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena,reflectin...In the last decade,organoid research has entered a golden era,signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape.The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena,reflecting exponential growth.However,amid this burgeoning expansion,a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously absent.Our review is intended to bridge this gap,providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid landscape.We meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points,harnessing our rich experience in academic research,industrial application,and clinical practice.We present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology,underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this arena.Our narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors,including oncology,toxicology,and drug development.We delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine,enhancing high-throughput drug screening,and constructing physiologically pertinent disease models.Our comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid technology.We spotlight technological innovations,methodological evolution,and the broadening spectrum of applications,emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine,oncology,drug discovery,and other fields.Looking ahead,we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research,especially its potential implications for personalized patient care,new avenues of drug discovery,and clinical research.We trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers,clinicians,and patients with keen interest in personalized medical strategies.We offer a broad view of the present and prospective capabilities of organoid technology,encompassing a wide range of current and future applications.In summary,in this review we attempt a comprehensive exploration of the organoid field.We offer reflections,summaries,and projections that might be useful for current researchers and clinicians,and we hope to contribute to shaping the evolving trajectory of this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.展开更多
Dear Editor,Short tandem repeats(STRs),polymorphic DNA regions with a variable number of repeated units(2–6 base pairs),are attractive to forensic applications such as human identification and parentage testing[1].No...Dear Editor,Short tandem repeats(STRs),polymorphic DNA regions with a variable number of repeated units(2–6 base pairs),are attractive to forensic applications such as human identification and parentage testing[1].Nowadays,most of the commercial STR kits are designed based on STRs from the combined DNA index system(CODIS),European Standard Set(ESS),expanded CODIS,and extended ESS[2].In this study,we evaluated 21 STRs from GoldeneyeTM DNA ID 22NC kit(PeopleSpot Inc.,Beijing,China),which including 20 polymorphic non-CODIS STR loci(i.e.D1S1656,D2S441,D3S1744,D3S3045,D4S2366,D5S2500,D6S477,D7S1517,D7S3048,D8S1132,D10S1248,D10S1435,D11S2368,D13S325,D14S608,D15S659,D17S1290,D18S535,D19S253,D22GATA198B05)and a CODIS STR locus(D3S1358),in five ethnic groups(i.e.Eastern Han,Ningxia Hui,Xinjiang Uygur,Xizang Tibetan,and Inner Mongolia Mongolian)of China.The forensic genetic investigation of above loci may provide more genetic information in complex kinship testing and population studies[3,4].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172316)the Major National Science and Technology Project for Deep Earth(Grant No.2024ZD100380X)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2025JJ20030).
文摘This study examines how native pore structures and loading conditions influencethe fracture size distribution and the predictability of catastrophic failure in rocks.Four lithologies with distinct pore characteristics,i.e.granite,limestone,red sandstone,and marble,were tested under uniaxial compression and Brazilian splitting.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)was used to characterize pore structures,while acoustic emission(AE)monitoring captured the temporal evolution of microcracking.The relationships among pore properties,AE b-values,and failure predictability were systematically evaluated.Results show that the overall b-value is primarily controlled by native pore size rather than loading condition.Rocks with larger pores display higher b-value and greater temporal variability,whereas those with smaller pores exhibit lower and more stable b-value.To assess failure predictability,the AE count rate was incorporated into an inverse power law model.The model demonstrates higher predictive accuracy for high-porosity rocks.The average predicted failure time(t_(p))decreases monotonically with porosity:under uniaxial compression,t_(p)for granite,marble,limestone,and sandstone are 2.32,1.82,1.42,and 0.03,respectively;under Brazilian splitting,3.54,3.30,0.10,and 0.03.Among the four rock types,sandstone with the highest porosity exhibits the smallest discrepancy between predicted and actual failure time,whereas granite with the lowest porosity shows the largest.As porosity decreases,prediction accuracy progressively declines for limestone and marble.Overall,the findings indicate that native pore heterogeneity governs both fracture scaling behavior and failure predictability,and that these effects are largely independent of the loading conditions examined in this study.
基金support for this work from National Ministry of Education(No.NCET-10-878)Shaanxi Province(No.2011ZKC4-08,2009ZDKG-70)Northwest University(10YSY08)
文摘The coke deposition on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts has been studied in the conversion of ethanol to propylene. The HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method（ZS-HS） and fully blending（ZS-MM）. The used catalysts were characterized by XRD, N;adsorption–desorption, TGA, TPO, elemental analysis, FTIR and XPS. The coking kinetics on both ZS-HS and ZS-MM has been investigated and their coking rate equations were obtained. The used ZS-MM catalyst had higher amount of coke and lower nC:nHthan the used ZS-HS. 90% of the coke was deposited in the micropores of ZS-HS, while almost 45% of the coke located in the micropores of ZS-MM. The coke deposited on ZS-HS catalyst was mainly graphite-like carbon species, whereas dehydrogenated coke species was the major on ZS-MM. The coking activation energy of ZS-MM was lower than that of ZS-HS, and the coking rate on ZS-MM was faster than on ZS-HS. In addition, the regeneration of ZS-MM catalyst showed that it had a good hydrothermal stability. The differences on coking behaviors on the two catalysts were due to their different acidic properties and textures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373719,82173662,and 32200581)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3605702 and 2023YFC2308002)Extraordinary 2025 Elite Project of Fudan University.
文摘In the last decade,organoid research has entered a golden era,signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape.The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena,reflecting exponential growth.However,amid this burgeoning expansion,a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously absent.Our review is intended to bridge this gap,providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid landscape.We meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points,harnessing our rich experience in academic research,industrial application,and clinical practice.We present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology,underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this arena.Our narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors,including oncology,toxicology,and drug development.We delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine,enhancing high-throughput drug screening,and constructing physiologically pertinent disease models.Our comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid technology.We spotlight technological innovations,methodological evolution,and the broadening spectrum of applications,emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine,oncology,drug discovery,and other fields.Looking ahead,we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research,especially its potential implications for personalized patient care,new avenues of drug discovery,and clinical research.We trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers,clinicians,and patients with keen interest in personalized medical strategies.We offer a broad view of the present and prospective capabilities of organoid technology,encompassing a wide range of current and future applications.In summary,in this review we attempt a comprehensive exploration of the organoid field.We offer reflections,summaries,and projections that might be useful for current researchers and clinicians,and we hope to contribute to shaping the evolving trajectory of this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2016YFC0800703]the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars[grant number 81625013]+2 种基金the Standard Program of Shanghai Municipality[grant number 16DZ0501600]the Public Interest Research Grant Program of National Research Institutes[grant number GY2017D-2]General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Dear Editor,Short tandem repeats(STRs),polymorphic DNA regions with a variable number of repeated units(2–6 base pairs),are attractive to forensic applications such as human identification and parentage testing[1].Nowadays,most of the commercial STR kits are designed based on STRs from the combined DNA index system(CODIS),European Standard Set(ESS),expanded CODIS,and extended ESS[2].In this study,we evaluated 21 STRs from GoldeneyeTM DNA ID 22NC kit(PeopleSpot Inc.,Beijing,China),which including 20 polymorphic non-CODIS STR loci(i.e.D1S1656,D2S441,D3S1744,D3S3045,D4S2366,D5S2500,D6S477,D7S1517,D7S3048,D8S1132,D10S1248,D10S1435,D11S2368,D13S325,D14S608,D15S659,D17S1290,D18S535,D19S253,D22GATA198B05)and a CODIS STR locus(D3S1358),in five ethnic groups(i.e.Eastern Han,Ningxia Hui,Xinjiang Uygur,Xizang Tibetan,and Inner Mongolia Mongolian)of China.The forensic genetic investigation of above loci may provide more genetic information in complex kinship testing and population studies[3,4].
