Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule found in all organisms that has been shown to play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plant melatonin is typically synthesized in organelles terme...Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule found in all organisms that has been shown to play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plant melatonin is typically synthesized in organelles termed chloroplasts, and the mechanisms of its synthesis and metabolic pathways have been extensively studied. Melatonin serves a significant regulatory function in plant growth and development, influencing the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants by modulating biological processes. While studies on plant melatonin receptors are in their early stages compared to studies in animal receptors, the binding mechanism with melatonin is now recognized as the key initiating step that triggers a series of downstream protective effects. This suggests that melatonin in plants may exert its effects through two main modes of target binding. The CAND2/PMTR1 protein binds to melatonin with a high degree of affinity. This binding activates downstream heterotrimeric G proteins, which trigger rapid intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades include activating the MAPK pathway and modulating ion channel activity. This action swiftly regulates stomatal closure in response to physiological processes such as drought stress. Additionally, melatonin has been demonstrated to regulate the plant stress response through two main mechanisms. First, it directly inhibits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Second, it indirectly influences the stress response pathways. This paper examines plant melatonin from three perspectives: the synthesis pathways of melatonin, its effects on plant growth, and its applications in plants under stress. Finally, the prospects for melatonin study and its applications in plants are discussed.展开更多
Objective Functional constipation is one of the most common problems in pediatric gastroenterology.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily anal stimulation in infants with intractable f...Objective Functional constipation is one of the most common problems in pediatric gastroenterology.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily anal stimulation in infants with intractable functional constipation(IFC).Our evaluation was based on clinical improvement and on changes in manometric parameters through time.Methods Infants with IFC treated between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study.Treatment processing included daily anal stimulation for infants and psychological counseling for parents.All cases underwent a complete intervention program and were evaluated for improvement in symptoms and for changes in anorectal manometry within 1 year of follow-up.results A total of 161 patients were included in this study.Positive response was achieved in all patients.Frequency of defecation,change in stool form and decrease in the defecatory pain were significantly relieved in all infants after intervention.On anorectal manometry,no significant difference was found in the peristaltic frequency of distal rectum before and after treatment.There was a significant increase in the mean amplitude of peristalsis and improvement in the rhythm after intervention.In the 1 year of follow-up,three patients had recurrence of constipation requiring colectomy.Conclusion In terms of the high clinical efficacy and limited side effects,daily anal stimulation may be included in the initial part of an intervention program for IFC in infants.展开更多
基金supported by National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Train-ing Program(202410376009)Anhui Province College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202310376057,S202510376030)+2 种基金Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(wxxy2024011)Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2024zybj032)Development of Big Data Integration and Analysis Platform for Traditional Chinese Medicine Genomics(0045025050).
文摘Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule found in all organisms that has been shown to play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plant melatonin is typically synthesized in organelles termed chloroplasts, and the mechanisms of its synthesis and metabolic pathways have been extensively studied. Melatonin serves a significant regulatory function in plant growth and development, influencing the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants by modulating biological processes. While studies on plant melatonin receptors are in their early stages compared to studies in animal receptors, the binding mechanism with melatonin is now recognized as the key initiating step that triggers a series of downstream protective effects. This suggests that melatonin in plants may exert its effects through two main modes of target binding. The CAND2/PMTR1 protein binds to melatonin with a high degree of affinity. This binding activates downstream heterotrimeric G proteins, which trigger rapid intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades include activating the MAPK pathway and modulating ion channel activity. This action swiftly regulates stomatal closure in response to physiological processes such as drought stress. Additionally, melatonin has been demonstrated to regulate the plant stress response through two main mechanisms. First, it directly inhibits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Second, it indirectly influences the stress response pathways. This paper examines plant melatonin from three perspectives: the synthesis pathways of melatonin, its effects on plant growth, and its applications in plants under stress. Finally, the prospects for melatonin study and its applications in plants are discussed.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 81270441).
文摘Objective Functional constipation is one of the most common problems in pediatric gastroenterology.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily anal stimulation in infants with intractable functional constipation(IFC).Our evaluation was based on clinical improvement and on changes in manometric parameters through time.Methods Infants with IFC treated between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study.Treatment processing included daily anal stimulation for infants and psychological counseling for parents.All cases underwent a complete intervention program and were evaluated for improvement in symptoms and for changes in anorectal manometry within 1 year of follow-up.results A total of 161 patients were included in this study.Positive response was achieved in all patients.Frequency of defecation,change in stool form and decrease in the defecatory pain were significantly relieved in all infants after intervention.On anorectal manometry,no significant difference was found in the peristaltic frequency of distal rectum before and after treatment.There was a significant increase in the mean amplitude of peristalsis and improvement in the rhythm after intervention.In the 1 year of follow-up,three patients had recurrence of constipation requiring colectomy.Conclusion In terms of the high clinical efficacy and limited side effects,daily anal stimulation may be included in the initial part of an intervention program for IFC in infants.
