The position of the South Asian High(SAH)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)exhibits significant interannual variability.In this study,the criteria for defining the establishment and withdrawal of the SAH,as well as their ac...The position of the South Asian High(SAH)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)exhibits significant interannual variability.In this study,the criteria for defining the establishment and withdrawal of the SAH,as well as their activities over the TP,are re-evaluated.The SAH is classified as“established over the TP”when the 1660 dagpm geopotential height contour covers 25%or more of the TP,and“withdrawn from the TP”when this contour covers less than 25%.Statistical analysis shows that,on average,the SAH establishes over the TP by the 4th pentad of May(28th pentad)and withdraws from the TP around the 2nd pentad of October(56th pentad).Over the past 50 years(1974–2023),the SAH has tended to establish over the TP earlier and withdraw later,resulting in a longer duration of control over the TP,with the rate of increase accelerating since 2017.The SAH exhibits a long-term linear trend of an eastward shift during both its establishment and withdrawal phases.The anomalous activity of the SAH over the TP is influenced by atmospheric heat sources.When there is anomalous warming(cooling)of atmospheric heating over the Bay of Bengal and the Indochina Peninsula,the SAH tends to establish and withdraw earlier and further westward(later and further eastward),with the westerly trough located over East Asia(the western part of the TP).展开更多
The global increased antibiotic resistance level in pathogenic microbes has posed a significant threat to human health.Fresh vegetables have been recognized to be an important vehicle of antibiotic resistance genes(AR...The global increased antibiotic resistance level in pathogenic microbes has posed a significant threat to human health.Fresh vegetables have been recognized to be an important vehicle of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)from environments to human beings.Phyllosphere ARGs have been indicated to be changed with plant species,yet the influence of plant cultivar on the phyllospheric resistome is still unclear.Here,we detected the ARGs and bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of two cultivars of cilantros and their corresponding soils using high-throughput quantitative PCR technique and bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing,respectively.We further identified the potential bacterial pathogens and analyzed the effects of plant cultivar on ARGs,mobile genetic elements(MGEs),microbiome and potential bacterial pathogens.The results showed that the cultivars did not affect the ARG abundance and composition,but significantly shaped the abundance of MGEs and the composition structure of bacteria in the phyllosphere.The relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogenswas significantly higher in the phyllosphere than that in soils.Mantel test showed that the ARG patterns were significantly correlated to the patterns of potential bacterial pathogens.Our results suggested that the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in the phyllosphere might be different between the two cultivars of cilantro and highlighted the higher risk of phyllospheric microorganisms compared with those in soils.These findings extend our knowledge on the vegetable microbiomes,ARGs,and potential pathogens,suggesting more agricultural and hygiene protocols are needed to control the risk of foodborne ARGs.展开更多
To investigate the effects of environmental pollution and human behavior change on waterborne diseases,we propose a reaction-advection-diffusion waterborne disease model with a general boundary condition,which incorpo...To investigate the effects of environmental pollution and human behavior change on waterborne diseases,we propose a reaction-advection-diffusion waterborne disease model with a general boundary condition,which incorporates human hosts and reservoir aquatic of pathogen.We identify the basic reproduction number R_(0)and discuss its asymptotic properties.We prove its threshold role:if R_(0)<1,the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive;if R_(0)>1,the model system is uniformly persistent;if R_(0)=1,the disease-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable without the advection term,in which the proof is quite challenging due to human behavior change.展开更多
Tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal(BoBTC)affect the precipitation over China,with distinct seasonal and daily variabilities.This study quantitatively examines the daily standardized precipitation anomalies(SPAs)...Tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal(BoBTC)affect the precipitation over China,with distinct seasonal and daily variabilities.This study quantitatively examines the daily standardized precipitation anomalies(SPAs)over China on the days with BoBTC activities(storm-days)and related circulations,based on rainfall measurements at surface meteorological stations and ECMWF reanalysis data on a 0.25°×0.25°resolution during 1979-2019.Significant positive SPA is found over the stations in the two adjacent regions around BoB(Southwest China in May/November and southern Tibetan Plateau in October)and three distant regions(Southeast China and the northeastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in May,and central North China in October).The SPA distributions are remarkably consistent with the integrated water vapor transport(IVT)anomalies.Enhanced IVT is found associated with the interaction between southwesterly(southerly)of the BoBTC circulation and low-level monsoonal flow in May(midlevel westerly in winter months).The probabilities of extreme precipitation(EP)occurrences over the above regions all increase on storm-days.For adjacent regions,EP is significantly correlated with the northward IVT anomalies to the east of BoBTC circulation,which strengthen the water vapor input through the southern border.Such IVT anomalies are stronger in May,benefited by the deep monsoonal southwesterlies than those in November.For distant regions,EP is more closely related to the IVT anomaly extending back from BoB.Enhanced moisture from BoB concentrates along a local low-level convergence line over Southeast China,being further facilitated by coexistence of the BoBTC depression and midlevel westerly trough in midlatitudes.Our results highlight the interactions between BoBTCs and local weather systems that influence the general precipitation anomalies and occurrence of EP over China,especially over distant regions.展开更多
Tropical cyclones(TCs)over the North Indian Ocean(NIO)are closely related to Asian summer monsoon activities and have a great impact on the precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau,southwestern China,and even the middle a...Tropical cyclones(TCs)over the North Indian Ocean(NIO)are closely related to Asian summer monsoon activities and have a great impact on the precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau,southwestern China,and even the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In this paper,the research progress on the impacting mechanisms of NIO TCs on the weather in China and associated forecasting techniques is synthesized and reviewed,including characteristics of the NIO TC activity,its variability under climate change,related precipitation mechanism,and associated forecasting techniques.On this basis,the limitations and deficiencies in previous research on the physical mechanisms and forecasting techniques of NIO TCs affecting the weather in China are elucidated and the directions for future investigations are discussed.展开更多
Background:Pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)has often been evaluated as an indicator of heart failure,but the relationship between PASP and the prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI...Background:Pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)has often been evaluated as an indicator of heart failure,but the relationship between PASP and the prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is not well understood.Methods:The medical data of 3460 hospitalized elderly patients diagnosed with AMI between January 2013 and June 2018 were reviewed.PASP was calculated usingtransthoracic color Doppler ultrasonography.Patients were grouped accordingtotheir admission PASP results as follows:Group A,PASP≤30 mmHg;Group B,30 mmHg<PASP≤50 mmHg;and Group C,PASP≥51 mmHg.The primary endpoint was all-cause death 6 months following AMI.Multiple Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for 6-month mortality in elderly patients with AMI.Results:PASP was associated with age,Killip classification,AMI site,and decreased ejection fraction in elderly patients.After adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic parameters in the Cox model,PASP was found to be significantly related to all-cause mortality.In receiver operating characteristic analysis,a PASP of>34 mmHg had a sensitivity of 62.3%and specificity of 65.7%for predicting 6-month all-cause death after AMI.Conclusion:PASP at admission is a useful marker for predicting short-term mortality in elderly patients with AMI.This finding could be used to help identify high-risk patients and make appropriate clinical decisions.展开更多
In comparison with the number of studies into the impact on precipitation in China of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific,investigation of the effect of TCs in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)on precipitation i...In comparison with the number of studies into the impact on precipitation in China of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific,investigation of the effect of TCs in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)on precipitation in China is lacking.In this study,precipitation in China associated with TCs over the BoB was divided into direct rainfall induced by TC cloud clusters and indirect rainfall related to the long-distance transport of TC water vapor.We partitioned the BoB TC-related rainfall that occurred during 2000–2018 in China and analyzed its statistical features.It was found that 40 of the 67(60%)TCs that occurred over the BoB exerted influence on rainfall in China.Direct rainfall was mainly distributed over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Southwest China,while indirect rainfall was distributed widely with two high-value centers:one over Yunnan Province and the other over the area south of the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The highest mean daily rainfall amount of direct TC precipitation appeared in northern Yunnan Province and southeastern Tibet,while that of indirect TC precipitation occurred eastward of 110°E.During the bimodal period of peak occurrence of BoB TCs in May and October–November,the annual mean amount,intensity,and number of days of rainfall in China related to BoB TCs were generally greater in May,e.g.,the mean daily rainfall amount was twice that in October–November,except at stations in southeastern Tibet.In comparison with the BoB TCs that induced heavy rainfall in China in early summer,the TCs in autumn had a more southwestward mean position and a more asymmetric structure,with the long axis oriented in the northeast–southwest direction.Heavy rainfall induced by BoB TCs occurred mainly over southeastern Tibet and provinces south of the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River in early summer and over Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in autumn,mostly in response to circulation patterns of a“northern trough with a southern TC”and of“convergence of two high pressure systems,”respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41930972 and 42475015)the Financial Meteorology Scientific and Technological Innovation Group of the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CMA2024ZD03).
文摘The position of the South Asian High(SAH)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)exhibits significant interannual variability.In this study,the criteria for defining the establishment and withdrawal of the SAH,as well as their activities over the TP,are re-evaluated.The SAH is classified as“established over the TP”when the 1660 dagpm geopotential height contour covers 25%or more of the TP,and“withdrawn from the TP”when this contour covers less than 25%.Statistical analysis shows that,on average,the SAH establishes over the TP by the 4th pentad of May(28th pentad)and withdraws from the TP around the 2nd pentad of October(56th pentad).Over the past 50 years(1974–2023),the SAH has tended to establish over the TP earlier and withdraw later,resulting in a longer duration of control over the TP,with the rate of increase accelerating since 2017.The SAH exhibits a long-term linear trend of an eastward shift during both its establishment and withdrawal phases.The anomalous activity of the SAH over the TP is influenced by atmospheric heat sources.When there is anomalous warming(cooling)of atmospheric heating over the Bay of Bengal and the Indochina Peninsula,the SAH tends to establish and withdraw earlier and further westward(later and further eastward),with the westerly trough located over East Asia(the western part of the TP).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2020YFC1806902)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(No.ANSO-PA-2020-18).
文摘The global increased antibiotic resistance level in pathogenic microbes has posed a significant threat to human health.Fresh vegetables have been recognized to be an important vehicle of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)from environments to human beings.Phyllosphere ARGs have been indicated to be changed with plant species,yet the influence of plant cultivar on the phyllospheric resistome is still unclear.Here,we detected the ARGs and bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of two cultivars of cilantros and their corresponding soils using high-throughput quantitative PCR technique and bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing,respectively.We further identified the potential bacterial pathogens and analyzed the effects of plant cultivar on ARGs,mobile genetic elements(MGEs),microbiome and potential bacterial pathogens.The results showed that the cultivars did not affect the ARG abundance and composition,but significantly shaped the abundance of MGEs and the composition structure of bacteria in the phyllosphere.The relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogenswas significantly higher in the phyllosphere than that in soils.Mantel test showed that the ARG patterns were significantly correlated to the patterns of potential bacterial pathogens.Our results suggested that the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in the phyllosphere might be different between the two cultivars of cilantro and highlighted the higher risk of phyllospheric microorganisms compared with those in soils.These findings extend our knowledge on the vegetable microbiomes,ARGs,and potential pathogens,suggesting more agricultural and hygiene protocols are needed to control the risk of foodborne ARGs.
基金supported by the NNSF of China(Nos.12271308,11901360).
文摘To investigate the effects of environmental pollution and human behavior change on waterborne diseases,we propose a reaction-advection-diffusion waterborne disease model with a general boundary condition,which incorporates human hosts and reservoir aquatic of pathogen.We identify the basic reproduction number R_(0)and discuss its asymptotic properties.We prove its threshold role:if R_(0)<1,the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive;if R_(0)>1,the model system is uniformly persistent;if R_(0)=1,the disease-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable without the advection term,in which the proof is quite challenging due to human behavior change.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930972 and 42175007)。
文摘Tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal(BoBTC)affect the precipitation over China,with distinct seasonal and daily variabilities.This study quantitatively examines the daily standardized precipitation anomalies(SPAs)over China on the days with BoBTC activities(storm-days)and related circulations,based on rainfall measurements at surface meteorological stations and ECMWF reanalysis data on a 0.25°×0.25°resolution during 1979-2019.Significant positive SPA is found over the stations in the two adjacent regions around BoB(Southwest China in May/November and southern Tibetan Plateau in October)and three distant regions(Southeast China and the northeastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in May,and central North China in October).The SPA distributions are remarkably consistent with the integrated water vapor transport(IVT)anomalies.Enhanced IVT is found associated with the interaction between southwesterly(southerly)of the BoBTC circulation and low-level monsoonal flow in May(midlevel westerly in winter months).The probabilities of extreme precipitation(EP)occurrences over the above regions all increase on storm-days.For adjacent regions,EP is significantly correlated with the northward IVT anomalies to the east of BoBTC circulation,which strengthen the water vapor input through the southern border.Such IVT anomalies are stronger in May,benefited by the deep monsoonal southwesterlies than those in November.For distant regions,EP is more closely related to the IVT anomaly extending back from BoB.Enhanced moisture from BoB concentrates along a local low-level convergence line over Southeast China,being further facilitated by coexistence of the BoBTC depression and midlevel westerly trough in midlatitudes.Our results highlight the interactions between BoBTCs and local weather systems that influence the general precipitation anomalies and occurrence of EP over China,especially over distant regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930972 and 52078480)。
文摘Tropical cyclones(TCs)over the North Indian Ocean(NIO)are closely related to Asian summer monsoon activities and have a great impact on the precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau,southwestern China,and even the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In this paper,the research progress on the impacting mechanisms of NIO TCs on the weather in China and associated forecasting techniques is synthesized and reviewed,including characteristics of the NIO TC activity,its variability under climate change,related precipitation mechanism,and associated forecasting techniques.On this basis,the limitations and deficiencies in previous research on the physical mechanisms and forecasting techniques of NIO TCs affecting the weather in China are elucidated and the directions for future investigations are discussed.
基金Linyi City’s 2021 Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan(Medical Category)(No.202120069).
文摘Background:Pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)has often been evaluated as an indicator of heart failure,but the relationship between PASP and the prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is not well understood.Methods:The medical data of 3460 hospitalized elderly patients diagnosed with AMI between January 2013 and June 2018 were reviewed.PASP was calculated usingtransthoracic color Doppler ultrasonography.Patients were grouped accordingtotheir admission PASP results as follows:Group A,PASP≤30 mmHg;Group B,30 mmHg<PASP≤50 mmHg;and Group C,PASP≥51 mmHg.The primary endpoint was all-cause death 6 months following AMI.Multiple Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for 6-month mortality in elderly patients with AMI.Results:PASP was associated with age,Killip classification,AMI site,and decreased ejection fraction in elderly patients.After adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic parameters in the Cox model,PASP was found to be significantly related to all-cause mortality.In receiver operating characteristic analysis,a PASP of>34 mmHg had a sensitivity of 62.3%and specificity of 65.7%for predicting 6-month all-cause death after AMI.Conclusion:PASP at admission is a useful marker for predicting short-term mortality in elderly patients with AMI.This finding could be used to help identify high-risk patients and make appropriate clinical decisions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930972 and 51778617)Advanced Program on Application of Fengyun Satellite Products in Numerical Forecast(2022).
文摘In comparison with the number of studies into the impact on precipitation in China of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific,investigation of the effect of TCs in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)on precipitation in China is lacking.In this study,precipitation in China associated with TCs over the BoB was divided into direct rainfall induced by TC cloud clusters and indirect rainfall related to the long-distance transport of TC water vapor.We partitioned the BoB TC-related rainfall that occurred during 2000–2018 in China and analyzed its statistical features.It was found that 40 of the 67(60%)TCs that occurred over the BoB exerted influence on rainfall in China.Direct rainfall was mainly distributed over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Southwest China,while indirect rainfall was distributed widely with two high-value centers:one over Yunnan Province and the other over the area south of the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The highest mean daily rainfall amount of direct TC precipitation appeared in northern Yunnan Province and southeastern Tibet,while that of indirect TC precipitation occurred eastward of 110°E.During the bimodal period of peak occurrence of BoB TCs in May and October–November,the annual mean amount,intensity,and number of days of rainfall in China related to BoB TCs were generally greater in May,e.g.,the mean daily rainfall amount was twice that in October–November,except at stations in southeastern Tibet.In comparison with the BoB TCs that induced heavy rainfall in China in early summer,the TCs in autumn had a more southwestward mean position and a more asymmetric structure,with the long axis oriented in the northeast–southwest direction.Heavy rainfall induced by BoB TCs occurred mainly over southeastern Tibet and provinces south of the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River in early summer and over Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in autumn,mostly in response to circulation patterns of a“northern trough with a southern TC”and of“convergence of two high pressure systems,”respectively.
