Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as...Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as being associated with lymphatic metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carci-noma(HNSCC).Mechanistically,phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP),the metabolite secreted by ENO2-expressing HNSCC cells,drove histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation(H3K18la)-mediated M2 polarization in macrophages,which,in turn,enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and invasiveness of HNSCC cells.Pharmacological inhibition of ENO2 with POMHEX effectively reversed M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited HNSCC lymphatic metastasis.Collectively,our findings underscore the prog-nostic significance of ENO2 and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for metastatic HNSCC.Furthermore,we reveal a previously underappreciated role of PEP in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metastasis via epigenetic modification.展开更多
Electron transfer processes at polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces play a central role in modern electrochemical devices of energy conversion,however,current understanding of electron transfers through electroche...Electron transfer processes at polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces play a central role in modern electrochemical devices of energy conversion,however,current understanding of electron transfers through electrochemical interfaces was established exclusively based on the studies of liquid/solid electrochemical interfaces.Thus,similarities and differences of liquid and polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces need to be mapped out to guide the design of device level electrochemical interfaces.In this work,we employ the sulfonate adsorption/desorption as a probe reaction to understand the electron-transfer steps in polymer and liquid electrolytes.Through cyclic voltametric investigations on the well-define single-crystal Pd_(ML)Pt(111)electrode,we demonstrate that the oxidative adsorption and reductive desorption of sulfonates at the polymer electrolyte/electrode interface are chemically distinct from those in liquid electrolytes,with the former occurring mostly via the proton-coupled pathway while the latter proceeding mainly through the solvation-mediated pathway.Importantly,the sulfonate adsorption/desorption behaviors of alkylsulfonates become increasingly similar to those in Nafion with longer alkyl chains,suggesting that the interfacial hydrophobicity and solvation environment conferred by the perfluorinated polymer play a decisive role in the electron-transfer mechanism.Results reported in this study highlight the mechanistic distinctions between electron-transfer processes at electrochemical interfaces involving polymer and liquid electrolytes,and provide a framework for understanding electron-transfer processes at polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the 2544 alert cases from “Safety Gate” (the EU rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products) of toys exported to the EU market from China in the past five years (2017-2021), this stud...Based on the analysis of the 2544 alert cases from “Safety Gate” (the EU rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products) of toys exported to the EU market from China in the past five years (2017-2021), this study focuses on the chemical hazards as the key research object, investigates and identifies categories of toy products and related chemicals with high notification rate. The research results have shown that the most seriously and frequently alerted toy products due to chemical hazards from China exported to the EU are plastic dolls, slimes, rubber toy balloons, toy guns and squeezable toys, while the high failure rate of chemicals in sequence are phthalates, boron element, N-Nitrosamines and N-Nitrosatable substances, and bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether. This study aims to improve the efficiency of inspection and test of export toys, and provide decision-making references for Chinese toy export enterprises to respond to EU technical trade measures.展开更多
The trade situation about China’s export of toy products to the EU was introduced. The recall characteristics of China’s toy products by the EU “Safety Gate” in terms of recall frequency, notified countries, taken...The trade situation about China’s export of toy products to the EU was introduced. The recall characteristics of China’s toy products by the EU “Safety Gate” in terms of recall frequency, notified countries, taken measures, and reasons for recall were analyzed in this paper, and the risk factors of human health of unqualified products in terms of chemical hazards were studied in this paper. It is found that phthalate, boron, plumbum and cadmium were the main factors. Assessment of risk for boron in toys was conducted. It is suggested to limit the boron element in Slime: the limit of migration of boron in Slime toys for 3- to 6-year-old children shall be less than 704 mg/kg, and the limitation of migration of boron in Slime toys for 7- to 12-year-old children shall be less than 1268 mg/kg.展开更多
China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. ...China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>展开更多
A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat ...A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane （CH 4 ） emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second （2011） and third （2012） rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season （WR）, of rice straw but no wheat straw return （R）, of wheat straw but no rice straw return （W） and a control with no straw return （CK）, were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha （2011） and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha （2012）. The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials.展开更多
A water-soluble polysaccharide,designated BFP-3,was isolated from Bangia fuscopurpurea by hot water extraction,anion-exchange,and size-exclusion chromatography and tested to determine its antitumor activity.The struct...A water-soluble polysaccharide,designated BFP-3,was isolated from Bangia fuscopurpurea by hot water extraction,anion-exchange,and size-exclusion chromatography and tested to determine its antitumor activity.The structural characteristics of BFP-3 were investigated by chemical and spectroscopic methods,including partial acid hydrolysis,methylation analysis,one-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that BFP-3 was mainly comprised of rhamnose,arabinose,mannose,glucose,and galactose.Moreover,the weight-average molecular weight of BFP-3 was estimated to be approximately 333 kDa.The backbone of BFP-3 was primarily composed of repeating 5-α-l-Araf-1→(4-α-d-Glcp-1)_(4)→4,6-β-d-Manp-1 units,and the side chains consisted of repeatingβ-d-Galp-1→(4-β-d-Galp-1)_(4)→4,6-β-d-Galp-1→3,4-α-l-Rhap,β-l-Arap-1→(3-β-d-Galp-1)_(3),andβ-l-Arap-1 units.Counting Kit-8 assays revealed that BFP-3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780,COC1,SKOV3,HO-8910,and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells in vitro,indicating that BFP-3 could have potential applications in the treatment of ovarian cancer.展开更多
Two asymmetric porphyrins, 5-(4-chloromethylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin and 5-(4-formylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin, were successfully prepared by the symmetric meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin and rela...Two asymmetric porphyrins, 5-(4-chloromethylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin and 5-(4-formylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin, were successfully prepared by the symmetric meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin and relative molecular configurations and properties were characterized by spectral determinations. This work presented an example for synthesis of asymmetric porphyrin derivatives from the symmetric porphyrin. Both asymmetric porphyrins are reactive in molecular assembly, the concerned reactions including alkylation with Grignard reagents, etherification with alcohols, aldol condensation and Mannich reaction for modification and enhancing their functionality. In this work, the reaction conditions were improved, synthetic strategy and route were confirmed.展开更多
Conventional antibiotic strategies often fail to consistently suppress escaping planktonic bacteria and even induce antibiotic resistance,allowing implant-associated infections(IAIs)to persist.In this study,we demonst...Conventional antibiotic strategies often fail to consistently suppress escaping planktonic bacteria and even induce antibiotic resistance,allowing implant-associated infections(IAIs)to persist.In this study,we demonstrated an antibiotic-free coating engineered with an herbal bioheterojunction featuring a shell-in-shell structure where Cu_(2)O forms the core,strontium(Sr)is loaded in the inner shell,and curcumin(Cur)is nucleated in situ at the outer heterointerface(Cu_(2)O-Sr/Cur).Ultrasound-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation by the outer heterostructure(Cu_(2)O/Cur),coupled with Cu(Ⅰ)-induced cuproptosis-like bacterial death,achieved antibacterial rates of 99.56%against S.aureus and 99.43%against E.coli.When ultrasonication ceases,the released Cu(Ⅰ)undergoes disproportionation reactions to form Cu(Ⅱ),which can chelate with Cur to form Cu-Cur metal complexes.These complexes exhibit enhanced antioxidative properties through self-catalytic regulation,the scavenging of ROS,and the activation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype.Moreover,strontium release from the inner shell simultaneously suppressed osteoclast activity and promoted osteogenesis,resulting in trabecular number and thickness increases of 129.03%and 56.71%,respectively,compared with those in control group.Therefore,our work establishes a sequential treatment strategy for the antibacterial properties and osteointegration ability of IAIs.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder for which no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available.One of the pharmacological targets that merits further research is the ne...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder for which no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available.One of the pharmacological targets that merits further research is the neurokinin 1 receptor(NK1R),which is found on pancreatic acinar cells and responds to the neuropeptide substance P(SP)that participates in AP.Although a few studies have stated the involvement of SP/NK1R in neurogenic inflammation in AP development,the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we found that following activation of NK1R by SP,b-arrestin1,a scaffold protein of NK1R,down-regulated transcription of Adss,Adsl,and Ampd in the purine nucleotide cycle,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial function through fumarate depletion.Interestingly,we identified magnolol as a new and natural NK1R inhibitor with a non-nitrogenous biphenyl core structure.It exhibited a beneficial effect on AP by restoring purine nucleotide cycle metabolic enzymes and fumarate levels.Our study not only provides new therapeutic strategies,leading compounds,and drug translation possibilities for AP,but also provides important clues for the study of downstream mechanisms driven by SP in other diseases.展开更多
Oxalate-induced crystalline kidney injury is a common form of crystal nephropathy.The accumulation of calcium oxalate(CaOx)crystal could lead to renal epithelium injury and inflammation.The underlying cellular events ...Oxalate-induced crystalline kidney injury is a common form of crystal nephropathy.The accumulation of calcium oxalate(CaOx)crystal could lead to renal epithelium injury and inflammation.The underlying cellular events in kidney after CaOx crystal formation are largely unknown.This study was aimed to gain a better understanding of mouse kidney function in the development of renal CaOx formation.The study utilized a mouse CaOx model to analyze the cellular response at 5 time points using single-cell RNA sequencing and investigate the interaction of different cells during renal CaOx crystal formation.Additionally,the study investigated the communication between these cells and macrophages,as well as the role of chemokines in recruiting infiltrating macrophages.RNA velocity analysis uncovered an alternative differentiation pathway for injured and S1 proximal tubule cells,which mainly communicate with macrophages through the SPP1-CD44 pair,along with the expression of proinflammatory factors and stone matrix genes during renal CaOx crystal formation.Furthermore,resident Fn1 macrophages were found to express chemokines,such as CCL2,which recruited infiltrating macrophages.The CCL2 secretion was mediated by the CD44-AKT pathway.Blocking CCL2 decreased the expression of injury markers in the kidney,including CLU,LCN2,and KIM-1,and inhibited CaOx crystal deposition.The study identified potential cell types and target genes involved in renal tubule injury in oxalate-related crystal nephropathy.The findings shed light on the cellular processes that contribute to the formation and damage caused by CaOx crystals within the kidney,which could lead to the development of potential cell types and target genes for treating this condition.展开更多
Development of high-performance oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） catalysts is crucial to improve proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, a multicomponent nanoporous PdCuTiA1 （np-PdCuTiA1） electrocatalyst has b...Development of high-performance oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） catalysts is crucial to improve proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, a multicomponent nanoporous PdCuTiA1 （np-PdCuTiA1） electrocatalyst has been synthesized by a facile one-step dealloying strategy. The np-PdCuTiA1 catalyst exhibits a three-dimensional bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament/channel structure with an ultrafine length scale of -3.7 nm. The half-wave potential of np PdCuTiA1 is 0.873 V vs. RHE, more positive than those of PdC （0.756 V vs. RHE） and PtC （0.864 V vs. RHE） catalysts. The np-PdCuTiAl alloy shows a 4-electron reaction pathway with similar Tafel slopes to PtC. Remarkably, the half-wave potential shows a negative shift of only 12 mV for np-PdCuTiA1 in the presence of methanol, and this negative shift is much lower than those of the PdC （50 mV） and PtC （165 mV） catalysts. The enhanced ORR activity of np-PdCuTiA1 has been further rationalized through density functional theory calculations.展开更多
The ultra-precision field is popular for its micro-nanometer positioning accuracy and large working stroke.Piezoelectric actuators based on the stick-slip operational principle exhibit superior performance characteris...The ultra-precision field is popular for its micro-nanometer positioning accuracy and large working stroke.Piezoelectric actuators based on the stick-slip operational principle exhibit superior performance characteristics,making them stand out with unique advantages in this field.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the developments in stick-slip piezoelectric actuators over recent years.Starting with a detailed explanation of their operating principles,the article proceeds with a brief introduction to the more commonly used driving waveforms and their applications.Subsequently,various design and optimization technologies for existing com-pliant mechanisms are presented.Furthermore,stick-slip piezoelectric actuators are categorized based on different motion forms,including linear,rotary,and multi-degree of freedom types.Each category is thoroughly examined in terms of structural design and performance features.Following this,the discussion shifts toward controller method research and friction modeling analysis,featuring a particular emphasis on the advancements related to displacement back-lash suppression studies.This systematic summary aims to provide a reference for researchers within related fields,thereby facilitating the further development and application of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators.展开更多
A method for Cu(Ⅱ)-catalyzed dehydrogenative amidation of azoarene using air as the terminal oxidant was developed. Various amides, such as arylamides, alkylamides, lactams, and imides, are all effective amidation re...A method for Cu(Ⅱ)-catalyzed dehydrogenative amidation of azoarene using air as the terminal oxidant was developed. Various amides, such as arylamides, alkylamides, lactams, and imides, are all effective amidation reagents and provide the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, good yields can also be obtained on a gram-scale with this amidation reaction.In this protocol of azoarene amidation, the catalyst(Cu(OAc)_2) and oxidant(air) are inexpensive and readily available, and the process is highly efficient and atom economical.展开更多
Iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries(IBA-RFBs)represent a promising solution for long-duration energy storage,supporting the integration of intermittent renewable energy into the grid,thanks to their commendable sa...Iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries(IBA-RFBs)represent a promising solution for long-duration energy storage,supporting the integration of intermittent renewable energy into the grid,thanks to their commendable safety profile and cost-effectiveness.Membranes,serving as pivotal components in redox flow batteries(RFBs),play a crucial role in facilitating ion conduction for internal circuit formation while preventing the crossover of redox-active species.Given their direct impact on RFB performance and cost,membranes merit considerable attention.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in membranes tailored for IBA-RFBs.Initially,it delineates the operational mechanisms of various IBA-RFB configurations.Subsequently,it delves into key performance metrics for evaluating membrane efficacy,dissecting the intricate interplay between membrane performance and overall IBA-RFB efficiency.Building upon this foundation,the review spotlights recent breakthroughs in ion exchange membranes and porous membranes designed specifically for IBA-RFBs,showcasing their remarkable ability to bolster battery efficiency,cycling stability,and cost-effectiveness.Lastly,this review outlines future directions for membrane development,offering some insights to propel the widespread adoption of IBA-RFBs on a large scale.展开更多
In the Review Article“Recent advances and future perspectives of membranes in iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries”,three production errors need to be corrected[1].In Eq.1 within the section on“Iron-chromium RFB...In the Review Article“Recent advances and future perspectives of membranes in iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries”,three production errors need to be corrected[1].In Eq.1 within the section on“Iron-chromium RFBs”,the reaction product is“Cr^(2+)”(not Cr^(3+)),and the potential is−0.41 V(not−0.44 V).展开更多
Background and Objectives:If the proportion of calcium intake over a whole day is related to the risk of cognitive impairment in adults is still largely unknown.This research aimed to examine the relation of dietary c...Background and Objectives:If the proportion of calcium intake over a whole day is related to the risk of cognitive impairment in adults is still largely unknown.This research aimed to examine the relation of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with the risk of cognitive impairment by using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS).Methods and Study Design:A total of 2,099 participants(including 668 cognitive impairment)in the CHNS(1997–2006)were included.The participants were categorized into 5 groups in accordance with the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast(Δ=dinner/breakfast).After adjustment was conducted for a series of confounding factors,Cox hazard regression modelling was performed to discuss the relation ofΔwith cognitive impairment.Dietary substitution models were used to explore the changes in cognitive impairment risk when a 5%dietary calcium intake at dinner was replaced with dietary calcium intake at breakfast.Results:Participants in the highest distribution ofΔshowed a greater susceptibility to cognitive impairment than those in the lowest quintile,with an adjusted hazard ratio of cognitive impairment of 1.38(95%CI:1.08–1.76).When maintaining total calcium intake,substituting 5%of dietary calcium intake at dinner with calcium intake at breakfast was related to an 8%decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment.Conclusions:Higher dietary calcium intake at dinner was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment,emphasizing the importance of appropriately distributing dietary calcium intake between breakfast and dinner.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204428,U24A20815,82304526,82204427,82201001,82430108,82293681(82293680),82273941)the National High-level Personnelof Special Support Program(to Dongmei Zhang and Minfeng Chen)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010361 and 2022A1515011813)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515020098)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(SL2024A04J00410,SL2024A04J00374,SL2024A04J00280)the Fundamental Research Funds for The Central Universities(21624103)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(2023A03J1030,202201010173,202102070001)the Clinical Frontier Technology Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,China(JNU1AF-CFTP-2022-a01210).
文摘Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as being associated with lymphatic metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carci-noma(HNSCC).Mechanistically,phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP),the metabolite secreted by ENO2-expressing HNSCC cells,drove histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation(H3K18la)-mediated M2 polarization in macrophages,which,in turn,enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and invasiveness of HNSCC cells.Pharmacological inhibition of ENO2 with POMHEX effectively reversed M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited HNSCC lymphatic metastasis.Collectively,our findings underscore the prog-nostic significance of ENO2 and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for metastatic HNSCC.Furthermore,we reveal a previously underappreciated role of PEP in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metastasis via epigenetic modification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501003)。
文摘Electron transfer processes at polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces play a central role in modern electrochemical devices of energy conversion,however,current understanding of electron transfers through electrochemical interfaces was established exclusively based on the studies of liquid/solid electrochemical interfaces.Thus,similarities and differences of liquid and polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces need to be mapped out to guide the design of device level electrochemical interfaces.In this work,we employ the sulfonate adsorption/desorption as a probe reaction to understand the electron-transfer steps in polymer and liquid electrolytes.Through cyclic voltametric investigations on the well-define single-crystal Pd_(ML)Pt(111)electrode,we demonstrate that the oxidative adsorption and reductive desorption of sulfonates at the polymer electrolyte/electrode interface are chemically distinct from those in liquid electrolytes,with the former occurring mostly via the proton-coupled pathway while the latter proceeding mainly through the solvation-mediated pathway.Importantly,the sulfonate adsorption/desorption behaviors of alkylsulfonates become increasingly similar to those in Nafion with longer alkyl chains,suggesting that the interfacial hydrophobicity and solvation environment conferred by the perfluorinated polymer play a decisive role in the electron-transfer mechanism.Results reported in this study highlight the mechanistic distinctions between electron-transfer processes at electrochemical interfaces involving polymer and liquid electrolytes,and provide a framework for understanding electron-transfer processes at polymer electrolyte/electrode interfaces.
文摘Based on the analysis of the 2544 alert cases from “Safety Gate” (the EU rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products) of toys exported to the EU market from China in the past five years (2017-2021), this study focuses on the chemical hazards as the key research object, investigates and identifies categories of toy products and related chemicals with high notification rate. The research results have shown that the most seriously and frequently alerted toy products due to chemical hazards from China exported to the EU are plastic dolls, slimes, rubber toy balloons, toy guns and squeezable toys, while the high failure rate of chemicals in sequence are phthalates, boron element, N-Nitrosamines and N-Nitrosatable substances, and bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether. This study aims to improve the efficiency of inspection and test of export toys, and provide decision-making references for Chinese toy export enterprises to respond to EU technical trade measures.
文摘The trade situation about China’s export of toy products to the EU was introduced. The recall characteristics of China’s toy products by the EU “Safety Gate” in terms of recall frequency, notified countries, taken measures, and reasons for recall were analyzed in this paper, and the risk factors of human health of unqualified products in terms of chemical hazards were studied in this paper. It is found that phthalate, boron, plumbum and cadmium were the main factors. Assessment of risk for boron in toys was conducted. It is suggested to limit the boron element in Slime: the limit of migration of boron in Slime toys for 3- to 6-year-old children shall be less than 704 mg/kg, and the limitation of migration of boron in Slime toys for 7- to 12-year-old children shall be less than 1268 mg/kg.
文摘China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan Project in China (No. 2012BAD04B08, 2011BAD16B14)
文摘A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane （CH 4 ） emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second （2011） and third （2012） rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season （WR）, of rice straw but no wheat straw return （R）, of wheat straw but no rice straw return （W） and a control with no straw return （CK）, were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha （2011） and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha （2012）. The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials.
基金the Science and Technology Project of Xiamen Medical College(K2016-36).
文摘A water-soluble polysaccharide,designated BFP-3,was isolated from Bangia fuscopurpurea by hot water extraction,anion-exchange,and size-exclusion chromatography and tested to determine its antitumor activity.The structural characteristics of BFP-3 were investigated by chemical and spectroscopic methods,including partial acid hydrolysis,methylation analysis,one-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that BFP-3 was mainly comprised of rhamnose,arabinose,mannose,glucose,and galactose.Moreover,the weight-average molecular weight of BFP-3 was estimated to be approximately 333 kDa.The backbone of BFP-3 was primarily composed of repeating 5-α-l-Araf-1→(4-α-d-Glcp-1)_(4)→4,6-β-d-Manp-1 units,and the side chains consisted of repeatingβ-d-Galp-1→(4-β-d-Galp-1)_(4)→4,6-β-d-Galp-1→3,4-α-l-Rhap,β-l-Arap-1→(3-β-d-Galp-1)_(3),andβ-l-Arap-1 units.Counting Kit-8 assays revealed that BFP-3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780,COC1,SKOV3,HO-8910,and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells in vitro,indicating that BFP-3 could have potential applications in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
文摘Two asymmetric porphyrins, 5-(4-chloromethylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin and 5-(4-formylphenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphyrin, were successfully prepared by the symmetric meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin and relative molecular configurations and properties were characterized by spectral determinations. This work presented an example for synthesis of asymmetric porphyrin derivatives from the symmetric porphyrin. Both asymmetric porphyrins are reactive in molecular assembly, the concerned reactions including alkylation with Grignard reagents, etherification with alcohols, aldol condensation and Mannich reaction for modification and enhancing their functionality. In this work, the reaction conditions were improved, synthetic strategy and route were confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.U22A20280,No.82102542,No.82172394,No.32271392 No.82472402)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFQ0039,No.2023ZYD0070)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2503100 and 2022YFC2503104)the 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYGD23033,No.ZYJC21066).
文摘Conventional antibiotic strategies often fail to consistently suppress escaping planktonic bacteria and even induce antibiotic resistance,allowing implant-associated infections(IAIs)to persist.In this study,we demonstrated an antibiotic-free coating engineered with an herbal bioheterojunction featuring a shell-in-shell structure where Cu_(2)O forms the core,strontium(Sr)is loaded in the inner shell,and curcumin(Cur)is nucleated in situ at the outer heterointerface(Cu_(2)O-Sr/Cur).Ultrasound-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation by the outer heterostructure(Cu_(2)O/Cur),coupled with Cu(Ⅰ)-induced cuproptosis-like bacterial death,achieved antibacterial rates of 99.56%against S.aureus and 99.43%against E.coli.When ultrasonication ceases,the released Cu(Ⅰ)undergoes disproportionation reactions to form Cu(Ⅱ),which can chelate with Cur to form Cu-Cur metal complexes.These complexes exhibit enhanced antioxidative properties through self-catalytic regulation,the scavenging of ROS,and the activation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype.Moreover,strontium release from the inner shell simultaneously suppressed osteoclast activity and promoted osteogenesis,resulting in trabecular number and thickness increases of 129.03%and 56.71%,respectively,compared with those in control group.Therefore,our work establishes a sequential treatment strategy for the antibacterial properties and osteointegration ability of IAIs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104598 to Chenxia Han,No.82274321 to Qing Xia,No.82170905 to Dan Du)Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZD04 to Qing Xia,China).
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder for which no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available.One of the pharmacological targets that merits further research is the neurokinin 1 receptor(NK1R),which is found on pancreatic acinar cells and responds to the neuropeptide substance P(SP)that participates in AP.Although a few studies have stated the involvement of SP/NK1R in neurogenic inflammation in AP development,the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we found that following activation of NK1R by SP,b-arrestin1,a scaffold protein of NK1R,down-regulated transcription of Adss,Adsl,and Ampd in the purine nucleotide cycle,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial function through fumarate depletion.Interestingly,we identified magnolol as a new and natural NK1R inhibitor with a non-nitrogenous biphenyl core structure.It exhibited a beneficial effect on AP by restoring purine nucleotide cycle metabolic enzymes and fumarate levels.Our study not only provides new therapeutic strategies,leading compounds,and drug translation possibilities for AP,but also provides important clues for the study of downstream mechanisms driven by SP in other diseases.
基金funded by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2022YFS0304 and 2023YFS0029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270799,81970602,and 82173251)+2 种基金the 1·3·5 Project of West China Hospital,Sichuan University(2023HXFH014)the Clinical Research Incubation Project of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(18HXFH012)ShangYao of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(19HXCX004).
文摘Oxalate-induced crystalline kidney injury is a common form of crystal nephropathy.The accumulation of calcium oxalate(CaOx)crystal could lead to renal epithelium injury and inflammation.The underlying cellular events in kidney after CaOx crystal formation are largely unknown.This study was aimed to gain a better understanding of mouse kidney function in the development of renal CaOx formation.The study utilized a mouse CaOx model to analyze the cellular response at 5 time points using single-cell RNA sequencing and investigate the interaction of different cells during renal CaOx crystal formation.Additionally,the study investigated the communication between these cells and macrophages,as well as the role of chemokines in recruiting infiltrating macrophages.RNA velocity analysis uncovered an alternative differentiation pathway for injured and S1 proximal tubule cells,which mainly communicate with macrophages through the SPP1-CD44 pair,along with the expression of proinflammatory factors and stone matrix genes during renal CaOx crystal formation.Furthermore,resident Fn1 macrophages were found to express chemokines,such as CCL2,which recruited infiltrating macrophages.The CCL2 secretion was mediated by the CD44-AKT pathway.Blocking CCL2 decreased the expression of injury markers in the kidney,including CLU,LCN2,and KIM-1,and inhibited CaOx crystal deposition.The study identified potential cell types and target genes involved in renal tubule injury in oxalate-related crystal nephropathy.The findings shed light on the cellular processes that contribute to the formation and damage caused by CaOx crystals within the kidney,which could lead to the development of potential cell types and target genes for treating this condition.
文摘Development of high-performance oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） catalysts is crucial to improve proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, a multicomponent nanoporous PdCuTiA1 （np-PdCuTiA1） electrocatalyst has been synthesized by a facile one-step dealloying strategy. The np-PdCuTiA1 catalyst exhibits a three-dimensional bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament/channel structure with an ultrafine length scale of -3.7 nm. The half-wave potential of np PdCuTiA1 is 0.873 V vs. RHE, more positive than those of PdC （0.756 V vs. RHE） and PtC （0.864 V vs. RHE） catalysts. The np-PdCuTiAl alloy shows a 4-electron reaction pathway with similar Tafel slopes to PtC. Remarkably, the half-wave potential shows a negative shift of only 12 mV for np-PdCuTiA1 in the presence of methanol, and this negative shift is much lower than those of the PdC （50 mV） and PtC （165 mV） catalysts. The enhanced ORR activity of np-PdCuTiA1 has been further rationalized through density functional theory calculations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.52075108,52105177]the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China [No.2022A1515011875]the Young innovative talents project of general colleges and universities in Guangdong Province,China [No.2021KQNCX067].
文摘The ultra-precision field is popular for its micro-nanometer positioning accuracy and large working stroke.Piezoelectric actuators based on the stick-slip operational principle exhibit superior performance characteristics,making them stand out with unique advantages in this field.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the developments in stick-slip piezoelectric actuators over recent years.Starting with a detailed explanation of their operating principles,the article proceeds with a brief introduction to the more commonly used driving waveforms and their applications.Subsequently,various design and optimization technologies for existing com-pliant mechanisms are presented.Furthermore,stick-slip piezoelectric actuators are categorized based on different motion forms,including linear,rotary,and multi-degree of freedom types.Each category is thoroughly examined in terms of structural design and performance features.Following this,the discussion shifts toward controller method research and friction modeling analysis,featuring a particular emphasis on the advancements related to displacement back-lash suppression studies.This systematic summary aims to provide a reference for researchers within related fields,thereby facilitating the further development and application of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21102005)Program for Innovative Research Team of Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province (18IRTSTHN004)
文摘A method for Cu(Ⅱ)-catalyzed dehydrogenative amidation of azoarene using air as the terminal oxidant was developed. Various amides, such as arylamides, alkylamides, lactams, and imides, are all effective amidation reagents and provide the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, good yields can also be obtained on a gram-scale with this amidation reaction.In this protocol of azoarene amidation, the catalyst(Cu(OAc)_2) and oxidant(air) are inexpensive and readily available, and the process is highly efficient and atom economical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022813)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24B030002)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722729 and 2023T160571)the technology project of Institute of Wenzhou(XMGL-CX-202204 and XMGL-KJZX-202208).
文摘Iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries(IBA-RFBs)represent a promising solution for long-duration energy storage,supporting the integration of intermittent renewable energy into the grid,thanks to their commendable safety profile and cost-effectiveness.Membranes,serving as pivotal components in redox flow batteries(RFBs),play a crucial role in facilitating ion conduction for internal circuit formation while preventing the crossover of redox-active species.Given their direct impact on RFB performance and cost,membranes merit considerable attention.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in membranes tailored for IBA-RFBs.Initially,it delineates the operational mechanisms of various IBA-RFB configurations.Subsequently,it delves into key performance metrics for evaluating membrane efficacy,dissecting the intricate interplay between membrane performance and overall IBA-RFB efficiency.Building upon this foundation,the review spotlights recent breakthroughs in ion exchange membranes and porous membranes designed specifically for IBA-RFBs,showcasing their remarkable ability to bolster battery efficiency,cycling stability,and cost-effectiveness.Lastly,this review outlines future directions for membrane development,offering some insights to propel the widespread adoption of IBA-RFBs on a large scale.
文摘In the Review Article“Recent advances and future perspectives of membranes in iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries”,three production errors need to be corrected[1].In Eq.1 within the section on“Iron-chromium RFBs”,the reaction product is“Cr^(2+)”(not Cr^(3+)),and the potential is−0.41 V(not−0.44 V).
基金National Institute for Nutrition and Health,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Carolina Population Center(P2C-HD-050924,T32-HD-007168)the University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill+2 种基金the National Institutes of Health(R01-HD-30880,DK-056350,R24-HD-050924,R01-HD-38700)the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center(D43-TW-009077,D43-TW-007709)for financial support for the CHNS data collectionfunded by the Department of Education,Heilongjiang Province[Grant number:2022-KYYWF-0810].
文摘Background and Objectives:If the proportion of calcium intake over a whole day is related to the risk of cognitive impairment in adults is still largely unknown.This research aimed to examine the relation of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with the risk of cognitive impairment by using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS).Methods and Study Design:A total of 2,099 participants(including 668 cognitive impairment)in the CHNS(1997–2006)were included.The participants were categorized into 5 groups in accordance with the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast(Δ=dinner/breakfast).After adjustment was conducted for a series of confounding factors,Cox hazard regression modelling was performed to discuss the relation ofΔwith cognitive impairment.Dietary substitution models were used to explore the changes in cognitive impairment risk when a 5%dietary calcium intake at dinner was replaced with dietary calcium intake at breakfast.Results:Participants in the highest distribution ofΔshowed a greater susceptibility to cognitive impairment than those in the lowest quintile,with an adjusted hazard ratio of cognitive impairment of 1.38(95%CI:1.08–1.76).When maintaining total calcium intake,substituting 5%of dietary calcium intake at dinner with calcium intake at breakfast was related to an 8%decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment.Conclusions:Higher dietary calcium intake at dinner was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment,emphasizing the importance of appropriately distributing dietary calcium intake between breakfast and dinner.
