Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended form...Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.展开更多
The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations re...The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations remains poorly understood.In this study,reductive mobilization of Fe and Mn was observed under reducing environments through reduction and dissolution,leading to the subsequent release of adsorbed As.In contrast,the mobilization of U occurred under oxic conditions,as the oxidative state of U(VI)has higher solubility.Furthermore,insignificant effects on the mobilization of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Hg were noticed during redox fluctuations,indicating higher stability of these heavymetals.Additionally,we demonstrated that carbon sources can play a key role in the mobilization of heavy metals in floodplain sediments,amplifying the reductive mobilization of Fe,Mn,As and the oxidative mobilization of U.Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metal in floodplain sediments of the Yellow River and the factors that control this cycling.展开更多
China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressivel...China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.展开更多
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarke...The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiota of GDM patients by analyzing the microbiome of the saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women.We find that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in GDM patients exhibits differences and significantly varies from that of patients with periodontitis or dental caries.Using bacterial biomarkers from the oral microbiota,GDM classification models based on support vector machine and random forest algorithms are constructed.The area under curve (AUC) value of the classification model constructed by combination of Lautropia and Neisseria in dental plaque and Streptococcus in saliva reaches 0.83,and the value achieves a maximum value of 0.89 by adding clinical features.These findings suggest that certain bacteria in either saliva or dental plaque can effectively distinguish women with GDM from healthy pregnant women,which provides evidence of oral microbiome as an informative source for developing noninvasive biomarkers of GDM.展开更多
In spite of the tumor microenvironments responsive cancer therapy based on Fenton reaction(i.e.,chemodynamic therapy,CDT)has been attracted more attentions in recent years,the limited Fenton reaction efficiency is the...In spite of the tumor microenvironments responsive cancer therapy based on Fenton reaction(i.e.,chemodynamic therapy,CDT)has been attracted more attentions in recent years,the limited Fenton reaction efficiency is the important obstacle to further application in clinic.Herein,we synthesized novel FeO/MoS2 nanocomposites modified by bovine serum albumin(FeO/MoS2-BSA)with boosted Fenton reaction efficiency by the synergistic effect of co-catalyze and photothermal effect of MoS2 nanosheets triggered by the second near-infrared(NIR II)light.In the tumor microenvironments,the MoS2 nanosheets not only can accelerate the conversion of Fe3+ions to Fe2+ions by Mo4+ions on their surface to improve Fenton reaction efficiency,but also endow FeO/MoS2-BSA with good photothermal performances for photothermal-enhanced CDT and photothermal therapy(PTT).Consequently,benefiting from the synergetic-enhanced CDT/PTT,the tumors are eradicated completely in vivo.This work provides innovative synergistic strategy for constructing nanocomposites for highly efficient CDT.展开更多
High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high vo...High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high voltage lithium-ion battery,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite(LNMO/Graphite)cell,which emphasizes a rational design of an electrolyte additive that can effectively construct protective interphases on anode and cathode and highly eliminate the effect of hydrogen fluoride(HF).5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-trime thyl lithium borate(LTFMP-TMB),is synthesized,featuring with multi-functionalities.Its anion TFMPTMB-tends to be enriched on cathode and can be preferentially oxidized yielding TMB and radical TFMP-.Both TMB and radical TFMP can combine HF and thus eliminate the detrimental effect of HF on cathode,while the TMB dragged on cathode thus takes a preferential oxidation and constructs a protective cathode interphase.On the other hand,LTFMP-TMB is preferentially reduced on anode and constructs a protective anode interphase.Consequently,a small amount of LTFMP-TMB(0.2%)in 1.0 M LiPF6in EC/DEC/EMC(3/2/5,wt%)results in a highly improved cyclability of LNMO/Graphite cell,with the capacity retention enhanced from 52%to 80%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.5 and 4.8 V.The as-developed strategy provides a model of designing electrolyte additives for improving cyclability of high voltage batteries.展开更多
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity ag...Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.展开更多
Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellen...Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellent pharmacological actions, but little research has focused on the functional genes involved in the MG and HK metabolic pathways. In this study, using RNA-seq and gene expression profile, we present the first transcriptome characterization of M. officinalis leaves, twigs and stems. Based on similarity search against nonredundant protein databases, 30,660 contigs had at least a significant alignment to existing public database. Pathway analysis showed that 8707 contigs were assigned to 317 KEGG pathways. A second skeleton pathway with 14 putative homologous genes was also identified as involved in lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiles of these 14 genes showed that leaves and twigs seem to have higher transcript levels for lignan components than in stem tissue; this result was then verified by qRT-PCR. Our work will immensely facilitate metabolic research on lignan biosynthesis in M. officinalis.展开更多
B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)t...B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)to facilitate the rapid Li+migration.Nevertheless,its wide-temperature application has been limited by the instability of B-derived CEI layer at high temperature.Herein,dual electrolyte additives,consisting of lithium tetraborate(Li_(2)TB)and 2,4-difluorobiphenyl(FBP),are proposed to boost the widetemperature performances of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Theoretical calculation and electrochemical performances analyses indicate that Li_(2)TB and FBP undergo successive decomposition to form a unique dual-layer CEI.FBP acts as a synergistic filming additive to Li_(2)TB,enhancing the hightemperature performance of NCM cathode while preserving the excellent low-temperature cycle stability and the superior rate capability conferred by Li_(2)TB additive.Therefore,the capacity retention of NCM‖Li cells using optimal FBP-Li_(2)TB dual electrolyte additives increases to 100%after 200 cycles at-10℃,99%after 200 cycles at 25℃,and 83%after 100 cycles at 55℃,respectively,much superior to that of base electrolyte(63%/69%/45%).More surprisingly,galvanostatic c ha rge/discharge experiments at different temperatures reveal that NCM‖Li cells using FBP-Li_(2)TB additives can operate at temperatures ranging from-40℃to 60℃.This synergistic interphase modification utilizing dual electrolyte additives to construct a unique dual-layer CEI adaptive to a wide temperature range,provides valuable insights to the practical applications of NCM cathodes for all-climate batteries.展开更多
Proteins are crucial to most biological processes, such as enzymes, and in various catalytic processes a dynamic motion is required. The dynamics of protein are embodied as a conformational change, which is closely re...Proteins are crucial to most biological processes, such as enzymes, and in various catalytic processes a dynamic motion is required. The dynamics of protein are embodied as a conformational change, which is closely related to the flexibility of protein. Recently, nanopore sensors have become accepted as a low cost and high throughput method to study the features of proteins. In this article, we used a SiN nanopore device to study the flexibility of T7 RNA polymerase（RNAP） and its complex with DNA promoter. By calculating full-width at half-maximum（FWHM） of Gaussian fits to the blockade histograms, we found that T7 RNAP becomes more flexible after binding DNA promoter. Moreover, the distribution of fractional current blockade suggests that flexibility alters due to a breath-like change of the volume.展开更多
Precision actuation is a foundational technology in high-end equipment domains,where stroke,velocity,and accuracy are critical for processing and/or detection quality,precision in spacecraft flight trajectories,and ac...Precision actuation is a foundational technology in high-end equipment domains,where stroke,velocity,and accuracy are critical for processing and/or detection quality,precision in spacecraft flight trajectories,and accuracy in weapon system strikes.Piezoelectric actuators(PEAs),known for their nanometer-level precision,flexible stroke,resistance to electromagnetic interference,and scalable structure,have been widely adopted across various fields.Therefore,this study focuses on extreme scenarios involving ultra-high precision(micrometer and beyond),minuscule scales,and highly complex operational conditions.It provides a comprehensive overview of the types,working principles,advantages,and disadvantages of PEAs,along with their potential applications in piezo-actuated smart mechatronic systems(PSMSs).To address the demands of extreme scenarios in high-end equipment fields,we have identified five representative application areas:positioning and alignment,biomedical device configuration,advanced manufacturing and processing,vibration mitigation,micro robot system.Each area is further divided into specific subcategories,where we explore the underlying relationships,mechanisms,representative schemes,and characteristics.Finally,we discuss the challenges and future development trends related to PEAs and PSMSs.This work aims to showcase the latest advancements in the application of PEAs and provide valuable guidance for researchers in this field.展开更多
AIM To analyze predictors of healthcare-seeking behavior among Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and their satisfaction with medical care.METHODS Participating patients met IBS Rome Ⅲ criteria(exclu...AIM To analyze predictors of healthcare-seeking behavior among Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and their satisfaction with medical care.METHODS Participating patients met IBS Rome Ⅲ criteria(excluding those with organic diseases) and were enrolled in an IBS database in a tertiary university hospital. Participants completed IBS questionnaires in face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires covered intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms, medical consultations, colonoscopy,medications, and self-reported response to medications during the whole disease course and in the past year. Univariate associations and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors for frequent healthcareseeking behavior(≥ 3 times/year), frequent colonoscopies(≥ 2 times/year), long-term medications, and poor satisfaction with medical care.RESULTS In total, 516 patients(293 males, 223 females) were included. Participants' average age was 43.2 ± 11.8 years. Before study enrollment, 55.2% had received medical consultations for IBS symptoms. Ordinary abdominal pain/discomfort(non-defecation) was an independent predictor for healthcare-seeking behavior(OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.31-3.27). Frequent colonoscopies were reported by 14.7% of patients(3.1 ± 1.4 times per year). Sensation of incomplete evacuation was an independent predictor for frequent colonoscopies(OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.35-5.67). During the whole disease course, 89% of patients took medications for IBS symptoms, and 14.7% reported they were satisfied with medical care. Patients with anxiety were more likely to report dissatisfaction with medical care(OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.20-3.59). In the past year, patients with severe(OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.06-2.82) and persistent(OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.01-2.72) IBS symptoms sought medical care more frequently.CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBS present high rates of frequent healthcare-seeking behavior, colonoscopies, and medications, and low satisfaction with medical care. Intestinal symptoms are major predictors for healthcare-seeking behavior.展开更多
Biomedicalβ-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys usually exhibit low elastic modulus with inadequate strength.In the present work,a series of newly developed dual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr(wt.%)alloys with high performance were inves...Biomedicalβ-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys usually exhibit low elastic modulus with inadequate strength.In the present work,a series of newly developed dual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr(wt.%)alloys with high performance were investigated in which the stability ofβ-phase was reduced under the guidelines of ab initio calculations and d-electronic theory.The effects of Nb and Ta contents on the microstructure,compressive and tensile properties were investigated.Results demonstrate that the designed Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr alloys exhibit typical characteristics ofα+βdual-phase microstructure.The microstructure of the alloys is more sensitive to Nb rather than Ta.The as-cast alloys exhibit needle-likeα′martensite at a lower Nb content of 3 wt.%and lamellarα′martensite at an Nb content of 5 wt.%.Among the alloys,the Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy shows the highest compressive strength(2270±10 MPa)and compressive strain(74.3%±0.4%).This superior performance is due to the combination ofα+βdual-phase microstructure and stressinducedα"martensite.Besides,lattice distortion caused by Ta element also contributes to the compressive properties.Nb and Ta contents of the alloys strongly affect Young's modulus and tensile properties after rolling.The as-rolled Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy exhibits much lower modulus due to lower Nb content as well as moreα"martensite andβphase with a good combination of low modulus and high strength among all the designed alloys.Atom probe tomography analysis reveals the element partitioning between theαandβphases in which Ta concentration is higher than Nb in theαphase.Also,the concentration of Ta is lower than that of Nb in theβphase,indicating that theβ-stability of Nb is higher than that of Ta.This work proposes modernα+βdual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr alloys as a new concept to design novel biomedical Ti alloys with high performance.展开更多
Molybdenum(Mo)has been recognized as an essential alloying element of the MP35N(Co_(35.4)Cr_(22.9)Ni_(35.5)Mo_(6.2),at.%)superalloy for enhancing strength and corrosion resistance.However,a full understanding of the a...Molybdenum(Mo)has been recognized as an essential alloying element of the MP35N(Co_(35.4)Cr_(22.9)Ni_(35.5)Mo_(6.2),at.%)superalloy for enhancing strength and corrosion resistance.However,a full understanding of the addition of Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mo-free parent alloy is lacking.In this work,we consider five(Co_(37.7)Cr_(24.4)Ni_(37.9))_(100-x)Mo_(x)(x=0,0.7,2.0,3.2,and 6.2)alloys,and reveal that yield/tensile strength and ductility are continuously increased for these alloys with increasing Mo content while a single-phase face-centered cubic structure remains unchanged.It is found that strong solid solution strengthening(SSS)is a main domain to the improved yield strength,whereas grain boundaries are found to soften by the Mo addition.The first-principles calculations demonstrate that a severe local lattice distortion contributes to the enhanced SSS,and the grain boundary softening effect is mostly associated with the decreased shear modulus.Both first-principles calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the stacking fault energy(SFE)reduces by the Mo addition.The calculated SFE value decreases from 0.4 mJ/m^(2) to-11.8 mJ/m^(2) at 0 K as Mo content increases from 0 at.%to 6.2 at.%,and experimentally measured values of SFE at room temperature for both samples are about 18 mJ/m^(2) and 9 mJ/m^(2),respectively.The reduction of SFE promoted the generation of stacking faults and deformation twins,which sustain a high strain hardening rate,thus postponing necking instability and enhancing tensile strength and elongation.展开更多
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths among breast cancer patients.Although parallel polyclonal seeding has been shown to contribute to organ-specific metastasis,in the past decade,horizontal cross-meta...Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths among breast cancer patients.Although parallel polyclonal seeding has been shown to contribute to organ-specific metastasis,in the past decade,horizontal cross-metastatic seeding(metastasis-to-metastasis spreading)has also been demonstrated as a pattern of distant metastasis to multiple sites.Bone,as the most frequent first destination of breast cancer metastasis,has been demonstrated to facilitate the secondary dissemination of breast cancer cells.In this review,we summarize the clinical and experimental evidence that bone is a transfer station for the secondary dissemination of breast cancer.We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of the bone microenvironment in secondary seeding of breast cancer,focusing on stemness regulation,quiescence-proliferation equilibrium regulation,epigenetic reprogramming and immune escape of cancer cells.Furthermore,we highlight future research perspectives and strategies for preventing secondary dissemination from bone.展开更多
Objective： To construct green fluorescent protein（GFP） retroviral vector（pLgXSN）, and to investigate the expression of GFP in primary rat myoblast. Methods： GFP cDNA was subcloned into the plasmid pLgXSN, and th...Objective： To construct green fluorescent protein（GFP） retroviral vector（pLgXSN）, and to investigate the expression of GFP in primary rat myoblast. Methods： GFP cDNA was subcloned into the plasmid pLgXSN, and the recombinant vector was transfected into packaging cell PT67. G418 was used to select positive colony. Myoblasts were infected by a high-titer viral supernatant. The recombinant retroviral plasmid vector was identified by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of GFP. Results： The GFP cDNA sequence was identical to that of GenBank. Recombinant retroviral plasmid vector pLgGFPSN was constructed successfully. The titer of the packaged recombinant retrovirus was 1×10^6 cfu/ml. Bright green fluorescence of the transfected cells was observed under confocal microscope 48 h after transfection. The transfection rate was 33%. The effective expression of GFP in myoblast infected by recombinant retrovirus lasted for 6 weeks. Conclusion： GFP gene could be effectively and stably expressed in myoblast, which suggests that GFP could act as a marker for studies on myoblast.展开更多
基金funded by the Chinese Nutrition Society and PepsiCo Inc.
文摘Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3203604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808541,and U1904205).
文摘The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations remains poorly understood.In this study,reductive mobilization of Fe and Mn was observed under reducing environments through reduction and dissolution,leading to the subsequent release of adsorbed As.In contrast,the mobilization of U occurred under oxic conditions,as the oxidative state of U(VI)has higher solubility.Furthermore,insignificant effects on the mobilization of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Hg were noticed during redox fluctuations,indicating higher stability of these heavymetals.Additionally,we demonstrated that carbon sources can play a key role in the mobilization of heavy metals in floodplain sediments,amplifying the reductive mobilization of Fe,Mn,As and the oxidative mobilization of U.Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metal in floodplain sediments of the Yellow River and the factors that control this cycling.
基金supported partly by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.06500203 and No.00007735).
文摘China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31722031, 31670119, 31870107 and 32070122)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFZDSW-219)the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial (2019ZD048, 2018275012)。
文摘The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases,whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear.The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiota of GDM patients by analyzing the microbiome of the saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women.We find that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in GDM patients exhibits differences and significantly varies from that of patients with periodontitis or dental caries.Using bacterial biomarkers from the oral microbiota,GDM classification models based on support vector machine and random forest algorithms are constructed.The area under curve (AUC) value of the classification model constructed by combination of Lautropia and Neisseria in dental plaque and Streptococcus in saliva reaches 0.83,and the value achieves a maximum value of 0.89 by adding clinical features.These findings suggest that certain bacteria in either saliva or dental plaque can effectively distinguish women with GDM from healthy pregnant women,which provides evidence of oral microbiome as an informative source for developing noninvasive biomarkers of GDM.
基金This work was supported by the financial aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51502284,21834007,21521092,21590794,and 21673220)the Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province of China(No.20170101186JC)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB20030300)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019232).
文摘In spite of the tumor microenvironments responsive cancer therapy based on Fenton reaction(i.e.,chemodynamic therapy,CDT)has been attracted more attentions in recent years,the limited Fenton reaction efficiency is the important obstacle to further application in clinic.Herein,we synthesized novel FeO/MoS2 nanocomposites modified by bovine serum albumin(FeO/MoS2-BSA)with boosted Fenton reaction efficiency by the synergistic effect of co-catalyze and photothermal effect of MoS2 nanosheets triggered by the second near-infrared(NIR II)light.In the tumor microenvironments,the MoS2 nanosheets not only can accelerate the conversion of Fe3+ions to Fe2+ions by Mo4+ions on their surface to improve Fenton reaction efficiency,but also endow FeO/MoS2-BSA with good photothermal performances for photothermal-enhanced CDT and photothermal therapy(PTT).Consequently,benefiting from the synergetic-enhanced CDT/PTT,the tumors are eradicated completely in vivo.This work provides innovative synergistic strategy for constructing nanocomposites for highly efficient CDT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179041)。
文摘High voltage is necessary for high energy lithium-ion batteries but difficult to achieve because of the highly deteriorated cyclability of the batteries.A novel strategy is developed to extend cyclability of a high voltage lithium-ion battery,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)/Graphite(LNMO/Graphite)cell,which emphasizes a rational design of an electrolyte additive that can effectively construct protective interphases on anode and cathode and highly eliminate the effect of hydrogen fluoride(HF).5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-trime thyl lithium borate(LTFMP-TMB),is synthesized,featuring with multi-functionalities.Its anion TFMPTMB-tends to be enriched on cathode and can be preferentially oxidized yielding TMB and radical TFMP-.Both TMB and radical TFMP can combine HF and thus eliminate the detrimental effect of HF on cathode,while the TMB dragged on cathode thus takes a preferential oxidation and constructs a protective cathode interphase.On the other hand,LTFMP-TMB is preferentially reduced on anode and constructs a protective anode interphase.Consequently,a small amount of LTFMP-TMB(0.2%)in 1.0 M LiPF6in EC/DEC/EMC(3/2/5,wt%)results in a highly improved cyclability of LNMO/Graphite cell,with the capacity retention enhanced from 52%to 80%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.5 and 4.8 V.The as-developed strategy provides a model of designing electrolyte additives for improving cyclability of high voltage batteries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972021)R&D Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2019B020212003)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(202206010177)Guangdong key research and development program(2021B0202060001)Foshan and agricultural academy cooperation projectGuangdong Modern Agriculture project(2022KJ117)Aquatic Products Center Project of GAAS。
文摘Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.
基金supported by Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Plan(No.2015NZ0107)the special fund for forest scientific research in the public welfare(201104109)
文摘Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellent pharmacological actions, but little research has focused on the functional genes involved in the MG and HK metabolic pathways. In this study, using RNA-seq and gene expression profile, we present the first transcriptome characterization of M. officinalis leaves, twigs and stems. Based on similarity search against nonredundant protein databases, 30,660 contigs had at least a significant alignment to existing public database. Pathway analysis showed that 8707 contigs were assigned to 317 KEGG pathways. A second skeleton pathway with 14 putative homologous genes was also identified as involved in lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiles of these 14 genes showed that leaves and twigs seem to have higher transcript levels for lignan components than in stem tissue; this result was then verified by qRT-PCR. Our work will immensely facilitate metabolic research on lignan biosynthesis in M. officinalis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972049)。
文摘B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)to facilitate the rapid Li+migration.Nevertheless,its wide-temperature application has been limited by the instability of B-derived CEI layer at high temperature.Herein,dual electrolyte additives,consisting of lithium tetraborate(Li_(2)TB)and 2,4-difluorobiphenyl(FBP),are proposed to boost the widetemperature performances of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Theoretical calculation and electrochemical performances analyses indicate that Li_(2)TB and FBP undergo successive decomposition to form a unique dual-layer CEI.FBP acts as a synergistic filming additive to Li_(2)TB,enhancing the hightemperature performance of NCM cathode while preserving the excellent low-temperature cycle stability and the superior rate capability conferred by Li_(2)TB additive.Therefore,the capacity retention of NCM‖Li cells using optimal FBP-Li_(2)TB dual electrolyte additives increases to 100%after 200 cycles at-10℃,99%after 200 cycles at 25℃,and 83%after 100 cycles at 55℃,respectively,much superior to that of base electrolyte(63%/69%/45%).More surprisingly,galvanostatic c ha rge/discharge experiments at different temperatures reveal that NCM‖Li cells using FBP-Li_(2)TB additives can operate at temperatures ranging from-40℃to 60℃.This synergistic interphase modification utilizing dual electrolyte additives to construct a unique dual-layer CEI adaptive to a wide temperature range,provides valuable insights to the practical applications of NCM cathodes for all-climate batteries.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51622201,91733301,and 61571015)
文摘Proteins are crucial to most biological processes, such as enzymes, and in various catalytic processes a dynamic motion is required. The dynamics of protein are embodied as a conformational change, which is closely related to the flexibility of protein. Recently, nanopore sensors have become accepted as a low cost and high throughput method to study the features of proteins. In this article, we used a SiN nanopore device to study the flexibility of T7 RNA polymerase（RNAP） and its complex with DNA promoter. By calculating full-width at half-maximum（FWHM） of Gaussian fits to the blockade histograms, we found that T7 RNAP becomes more flexible after binding DNA promoter. Moreover, the distribution of fractional current blockade suggests that flexibility alters due to a breath-like change of the volume.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2204203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52305107)。
文摘Precision actuation is a foundational technology in high-end equipment domains,where stroke,velocity,and accuracy are critical for processing and/or detection quality,precision in spacecraft flight trajectories,and accuracy in weapon system strikes.Piezoelectric actuators(PEAs),known for their nanometer-level precision,flexible stroke,resistance to electromagnetic interference,and scalable structure,have been widely adopted across various fields.Therefore,this study focuses on extreme scenarios involving ultra-high precision(micrometer and beyond),minuscule scales,and highly complex operational conditions.It provides a comprehensive overview of the types,working principles,advantages,and disadvantages of PEAs,along with their potential applications in piezo-actuated smart mechatronic systems(PSMSs).To address the demands of extreme scenarios in high-end equipment fields,we have identified five representative application areas:positioning and alignment,biomedical device configuration,advanced manufacturing and processing,vibration mitigation,micro robot system.Each area is further divided into specific subcategories,where we explore the underlying relationships,mechanisms,representative schemes,and characteristics.Finally,we discuss the challenges and future development trends related to PEAs and PSMSs.This work aims to showcase the latest advancements in the application of PEAs and provide valuable guidance for researchers in this field.
基金Supported by the Program of International S&T Cooperation,No.2014DFA31850Project of the National Key Technologies R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan period,No.2007BAI04B01National High-tech R&D Program("863"Program,2010AA023007),China
文摘AIM To analyze predictors of healthcare-seeking behavior among Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and their satisfaction with medical care.METHODS Participating patients met IBS Rome Ⅲ criteria(excluding those with organic diseases) and were enrolled in an IBS database in a tertiary university hospital. Participants completed IBS questionnaires in face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires covered intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms, medical consultations, colonoscopy,medications, and self-reported response to medications during the whole disease course and in the past year. Univariate associations and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors for frequent healthcareseeking behavior(≥ 3 times/year), frequent colonoscopies(≥ 2 times/year), long-term medications, and poor satisfaction with medical care.RESULTS In total, 516 patients(293 males, 223 females) were included. Participants' average age was 43.2 ± 11.8 years. Before study enrollment, 55.2% had received medical consultations for IBS symptoms. Ordinary abdominal pain/discomfort(non-defecation) was an independent predictor for healthcare-seeking behavior(OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.31-3.27). Frequent colonoscopies were reported by 14.7% of patients(3.1 ± 1.4 times per year). Sensation of incomplete evacuation was an independent predictor for frequent colonoscopies(OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.35-5.67). During the whole disease course, 89% of patients took medications for IBS symptoms, and 14.7% reported they were satisfied with medical care. Patients with anxiety were more likely to report dissatisfaction with medical care(OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.20-3.59). In the past year, patients with severe(OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.06-2.82) and persistent(OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.01-2.72) IBS symptoms sought medical care more frequently.CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBS present high rates of frequent healthcare-seeking behavior, colonoscopies, and medications, and low satisfaction with medical care. Intestinal symptoms are major predictors for healthcare-seeking behavior.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52011530181 and 51831011)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20S31900100)。
文摘Biomedicalβ-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys usually exhibit low elastic modulus with inadequate strength.In the present work,a series of newly developed dual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr(wt.%)alloys with high performance were investigated in which the stability ofβ-phase was reduced under the guidelines of ab initio calculations and d-electronic theory.The effects of Nb and Ta contents on the microstructure,compressive and tensile properties were investigated.Results demonstrate that the designed Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr alloys exhibit typical characteristics ofα+βdual-phase microstructure.The microstructure of the alloys is more sensitive to Nb rather than Ta.The as-cast alloys exhibit needle-likeα′martensite at a lower Nb content of 3 wt.%and lamellarα′martensite at an Nb content of 5 wt.%.Among the alloys,the Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy shows the highest compressive strength(2270±10 MPa)and compressive strain(74.3%±0.4%).This superior performance is due to the combination ofα+βdual-phase microstructure and stressinducedα"martensite.Besides,lattice distortion caused by Ta element also contributes to the compressive properties.Nb and Ta contents of the alloys strongly affect Young's modulus and tensile properties after rolling.The as-rolled Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy exhibits much lower modulus due to lower Nb content as well as moreα"martensite andβphase with a good combination of low modulus and high strength among all the designed alloys.Atom probe tomography analysis reveals the element partitioning between theαandβphases in which Ta concentration is higher than Nb in theαphase.Also,the concentration of Ta is lower than that of Nb in theβphase,indicating that theβ-stability of Nb is higher than that of Ta.This work proposes modernα+βdual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr alloys as a new concept to design novel biomedical Ti alloys with high performance.
基金financially supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001120)the Hunan Provincial National Science Fund for Distin-guished Young Scholars(No.2022JJ10015)+2 种基金the State Key Labora-tory of Advanced Metals and Materials(No.2021-Z09)the Univer-sity of Science&Technology Beijing,China.X.Q.Li was supported by the Swedish Research Council(No.2020-03736)funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement(No.2018-05973)。
文摘Molybdenum(Mo)has been recognized as an essential alloying element of the MP35N(Co_(35.4)Cr_(22.9)Ni_(35.5)Mo_(6.2),at.%)superalloy for enhancing strength and corrosion resistance.However,a full understanding of the addition of Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mo-free parent alloy is lacking.In this work,we consider five(Co_(37.7)Cr_(24.4)Ni_(37.9))_(100-x)Mo_(x)(x=0,0.7,2.0,3.2,and 6.2)alloys,and reveal that yield/tensile strength and ductility are continuously increased for these alloys with increasing Mo content while a single-phase face-centered cubic structure remains unchanged.It is found that strong solid solution strengthening(SSS)is a main domain to the improved yield strength,whereas grain boundaries are found to soften by the Mo addition.The first-principles calculations demonstrate that a severe local lattice distortion contributes to the enhanced SSS,and the grain boundary softening effect is mostly associated with the decreased shear modulus.Both first-principles calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the stacking fault energy(SFE)reduces by the Mo addition.The calculated SFE value decreases from 0.4 mJ/m^(2) to-11.8 mJ/m^(2) at 0 K as Mo content increases from 0 at.%to 6.2 at.%,and experimentally measured values of SFE at room temperature for both samples are about 18 mJ/m^(2) and 9 mJ/m^(2),respectively.The reduction of SFE promoted the generation of stacking faults and deformation twins,which sustain a high strain hardening rate,thus postponing necking instability and enhancing tensile strength and elongation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273285 and 81672878)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK-009A)。
文摘Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths among breast cancer patients.Although parallel polyclonal seeding has been shown to contribute to organ-specific metastasis,in the past decade,horizontal cross-metastatic seeding(metastasis-to-metastasis spreading)has also been demonstrated as a pattern of distant metastasis to multiple sites.Bone,as the most frequent first destination of breast cancer metastasis,has been demonstrated to facilitate the secondary dissemination of breast cancer cells.In this review,we summarize the clinical and experimental evidence that bone is a transfer station for the secondary dissemination of breast cancer.We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of the bone microenvironment in secondary seeding of breast cancer,focusing on stemness regulation,quiescence-proliferation equilibrium regulation,epigenetic reprogramming and immune escape of cancer cells.Furthermore,we highlight future research perspectives and strategies for preventing secondary dissemination from bone.
文摘Objective： To construct green fluorescent protein（GFP） retroviral vector（pLgXSN）, and to investigate the expression of GFP in primary rat myoblast. Methods： GFP cDNA was subcloned into the plasmid pLgXSN, and the recombinant vector was transfected into packaging cell PT67. G418 was used to select positive colony. Myoblasts were infected by a high-titer viral supernatant. The recombinant retroviral plasmid vector was identified by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of GFP. Results： The GFP cDNA sequence was identical to that of GenBank. Recombinant retroviral plasmid vector pLgGFPSN was constructed successfully. The titer of the packaged recombinant retrovirus was 1×10^6 cfu/ml. Bright green fluorescence of the transfected cells was observed under confocal microscope 48 h after transfection. The transfection rate was 33%. The effective expression of GFP in myoblast infected by recombinant retrovirus lasted for 6 weeks. Conclusion： GFP gene could be effectively and stably expressed in myoblast, which suggests that GFP could act as a marker for studies on myoblast.
