With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bio...Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on the human body.This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of SAV in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication(AAI)in mice.It was found that SAV at 2.5 mL/kg BW effectively ameliorated the decline in behavioral abilities following alcohol consumption,characterized by a shortened sobering period.SAV reduces alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting hepatic function enzymes and oxidative stress levels.Additionally,SAV mitigated the overactivation of microglia and the downregulation of neurotransmitter levels including acetylcholinesterase(AchE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA),thereby reducing ethanol-induced brain damage.Meanwhile,SAV significantly decreased concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood and increased alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)activities in the liver,indicating enhancement of ethanol metabolism.Moreover,we found that some gut microbiota including Verrucomicrobiota,Akkermansia,and Enterococcus were downregulated after SAV treatment in mice with AAI.These bacteria showed a negative correlation with anti-oxidative markers(glutathione(GSH)and catalase(CAT))and enzymes related to ethanol metabolism pathways(ADH and ALDH),and a positive correlation with hepatic function markers(alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and malondialdehyde(MDA)),alcohol metabolites(alcohol and acetaldehyde)and neurotransmitters(AchE,5-HT,and DA).However,Bacteroidota,norank_f_Muribaculaceae,and Alistipes exhibited the opposite direction.These findings suggest that SAV possesses protective effects against hepatic and neuro-toxicity,and could be a potential functional food for AAI prevention.展开更多
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCYBJC01220)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety,Tianjin University of Science&Technology(SKLFNS-NF-202318)the foundation of Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Vinegar Fermentation Science and Engineering,China(20220401931002).
文摘Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on the human body.This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of SAV in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication(AAI)in mice.It was found that SAV at 2.5 mL/kg BW effectively ameliorated the decline in behavioral abilities following alcohol consumption,characterized by a shortened sobering period.SAV reduces alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting hepatic function enzymes and oxidative stress levels.Additionally,SAV mitigated the overactivation of microglia and the downregulation of neurotransmitter levels including acetylcholinesterase(AchE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA),thereby reducing ethanol-induced brain damage.Meanwhile,SAV significantly decreased concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood and increased alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)activities in the liver,indicating enhancement of ethanol metabolism.Moreover,we found that some gut microbiota including Verrucomicrobiota,Akkermansia,and Enterococcus were downregulated after SAV treatment in mice with AAI.These bacteria showed a negative correlation with anti-oxidative markers(glutathione(GSH)and catalase(CAT))and enzymes related to ethanol metabolism pathways(ADH and ALDH),and a positive correlation with hepatic function markers(alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and malondialdehyde(MDA)),alcohol metabolites(alcohol and acetaldehyde)and neurotransmitters(AchE,5-HT,and DA).However,Bacteroidota,norank_f_Muribaculaceae,and Alistipes exhibited the opposite direction.These findings suggest that SAV possesses protective effects against hepatic and neuro-toxicity,and could be a potential functional food for AAI prevention.
