Background:Given the suboptimal quality of end‐of‐life care among patients with cancer in China,promoting living wills is critical in this population.Living wills ensure that individuals can receive the medical care...Background:Given the suboptimal quality of end‐of‐life care among patients with cancer in China,promoting living wills is critical in this population.Living wills ensure that individuals can receive the medical care they desire during the terminal phase of an illness,maintain their dignity,and ultimately achieve a good death.However,current awareness and attitudes about living wills among Chinese patients with cancer remain unclear.We administered a questionnaire survey on living wills to patients with malignant tumors to assess their most important needs and increase understanding about living wills.Methods:In this cross‐sectional study using convenience sampling,inpatients with malignant tumors in Wuhan completed our questionnaire between July 2020 and June 2021.We collected patients'sociodemographic characteristics and details regarding their knowledge and attitudes about living wills.Results:Among 213 patients with malignant tumors,114(53.52%)had heard of living wills;125(58.69%)expressed their willingness to sign the“Five Wishes”living will document after learning about it through the questionnaire.Patients with malignant tumors had a high level of desire for the following living will items:the lives of family and friends return to normal as soon as possible after their death,maintaining personal hygiene and dignity,and remaining pain‐free.The knowledge level of patients with malignant tumors was related to their educational level(p<0.05)and self‐care ability(p<0.05).Conclusions:Patients with malignant tumors have a high need for comfort,cleanliness,and pain relief in the terminal stages.Patients with a higher level of education and those with poorer self‐care ability had greater knowledge and acceptance of living wills.Promotion can first be targeted toward more highly educated patients and can then be gradually expanded to other groups.展开更多
Aims:To explore the impact of inpatient suicides on nurses working in front-line,the patterns of regulation and their needs for support.Methods:Data were collected through purposive sampling by conducting semi-structu...Aims:To explore the impact of inpatient suicides on nurses working in front-line,the patterns of regulation and their needs for support.Methods:Data were collected through purposive sampling by conducting semi-structured and individual in-depth interviews in a tertiary referral hospital in China.Colaizzi's sevenstep phenomenological method was simultaneously used by two interviewers.Results:Reactions to inpatient suicides revealed three central themes:(1)inpatients were highly likely to commit suicide,(2)inpatient suicide was difficult to prevent,and(3)nurses lacked the necessary suicide prevention skills.Psychological responses mainly included shock and panic,self-accusation or guilt,sense of fear,and frustration.The impacts on practice were stress,excessive vigilance,and burnout.Avoidance and sharing of feelings played key roles in the regulation patterns of nurses.Conclusions:Nurses who experienced inpatient suicide became stressed.Effective interventions must be implemented to improve the coping mechanisms of nurses against the negative consequences of inpatient suicide.The findings of this study will allow administrators to gain insight into the impacts of inpatient suicides on nurses in general hospitals.Such information can be used to develop effective strategies and provide individual support and ongoing education.Consequently,nurses will acquire suicide prevention skills and help patients achieve swift recovery.展开更多
Digestive system cancers are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Cancer patients are more likely to commit suicide.The objective of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive and updated summa...Digestive system cancers are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Cancer patients are more likely to commit suicide.The objective of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the existing literature on suicide among patients with digestive system cancers to identify the incidence and risk factors relevant to suicide in these populations.The PRISMA-Scr(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension protocol for scoping reviews)protocol was used.The review was based on relevant articles published prior to January 2022 in databases of Web of Science and PubMed.The authors identified 21 records that met the criteria for inclusion.Among the 21 articles,18(n=85.7%)reported suicide risk factors,21(n=100%)evaluated the incidence of suicide and 16(n=76.2%)involved the variation in suicide rates.Only one study comprehensively reported that the suicide rate for this population was 32.8 per 100,000 years and the standardized mortality ratio(SMR)was 1.91.Most suicides occurred in patients with pancreatic,esophageal,and gastric cancers.The factors associated with suicide in digestive system cancers included male gender,older age,the white race,single status,advanced stage of disease,and cancer metastasis.The most critical time for suicide was in the early post-diagnostic period.It is indispensable to identify suicide in these cancer patients,especially those with high-risk factors.In the future,more prospective research may be needed to provide more reliable support and care to prevent suicide.展开更多
Using the BNL Accelerator Test Facility we have shown that a tightly focused laser on a vacuum can accelerate an electron beam in free space. The electron beam had energy of 20 MeV and the CO2 laser had energy of abou...Using the BNL Accelerator Test Facility we have shown that a tightly focused laser on a vacuum can accelerate an electron beam in free space. The electron beam had energy of 20 MeV and the CO2 laser had energy of about 3 Joule. In the readout of the experiment we detect a clear effect for the laser beam off and on. The size of the effect is about 20% and is reproducible over many laser and beam shots. This is a proof of principle and the data are fully consistent with the CAS theory. The results of this experiment may have an impact on the LASER fusion method.展开更多
Hybrid rice(Oryza sativa)generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance,a phenomenon termed heterosis,but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood.Here,we combined transcriptome,pr...Hybrid rice(Oryza sativa)generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance,a phenomenon termed heterosis,but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood.Here,we combined transcriptome,proteome,physiological,and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000(CY1000).In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents(mid-parent heterosis),CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents(over-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis).Nonadditive expression and allele-specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance,acting in an overdominant fashion in CY1000.Furthermore,we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and OsAAT30.The salt-sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72^(paternal)genotype or the OsAAT30^(maternal)genotype in core rice germplasm varieties.OsWRKY72^(paternal)specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress,leading to salinity sensitivity,while OsWRKY72^(maternal)specifically repressed OsAAT30,resulting in salinity tolerance.These results suggest that the OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice,providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.展开更多
文摘Background:Given the suboptimal quality of end‐of‐life care among patients with cancer in China,promoting living wills is critical in this population.Living wills ensure that individuals can receive the medical care they desire during the terminal phase of an illness,maintain their dignity,and ultimately achieve a good death.However,current awareness and attitudes about living wills among Chinese patients with cancer remain unclear.We administered a questionnaire survey on living wills to patients with malignant tumors to assess their most important needs and increase understanding about living wills.Methods:In this cross‐sectional study using convenience sampling,inpatients with malignant tumors in Wuhan completed our questionnaire between July 2020 and June 2021.We collected patients'sociodemographic characteristics and details regarding their knowledge and attitudes about living wills.Results:Among 213 patients with malignant tumors,114(53.52%)had heard of living wills;125(58.69%)expressed their willingness to sign the“Five Wishes”living will document after learning about it through the questionnaire.Patients with malignant tumors had a high level of desire for the following living will items:the lives of family and friends return to normal as soon as possible after their death,maintaining personal hygiene and dignity,and remaining pain‐free.The knowledge level of patients with malignant tumors was related to their educational level(p<0.05)and self‐care ability(p<0.05).Conclusions:Patients with malignant tumors have a high need for comfort,cleanliness,and pain relief in the terminal stages.Patients with a higher level of education and those with poorer self‐care ability had greater knowledge and acceptance of living wills.Promotion can first be targeted toward more highly educated patients and can then be gradually expanded to other groups.
基金The authors would like to express our gratitude to all participants who have given generosity of their time as well as shared with the research team their feelings and experience.In addition,they thank Yanhong Han for her help in the preparation of this manuscriptFunding:The research for this paper was supported by Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(No.2014CKB1014).
文摘Aims:To explore the impact of inpatient suicides on nurses working in front-line,the patterns of regulation and their needs for support.Methods:Data were collected through purposive sampling by conducting semi-structured and individual in-depth interviews in a tertiary referral hospital in China.Colaizzi's sevenstep phenomenological method was simultaneously used by two interviewers.Results:Reactions to inpatient suicides revealed three central themes:(1)inpatients were highly likely to commit suicide,(2)inpatient suicide was difficult to prevent,and(3)nurses lacked the necessary suicide prevention skills.Psychological responses mainly included shock and panic,self-accusation or guilt,sense of fear,and frustration.The impacts on practice were stress,excessive vigilance,and burnout.Avoidance and sharing of feelings played key roles in the regulation patterns of nurses.Conclusions:Nurses who experienced inpatient suicide became stressed.Effective interventions must be implemented to improve the coping mechanisms of nurses against the negative consequences of inpatient suicide.The findings of this study will allow administrators to gain insight into the impacts of inpatient suicides on nurses in general hospitals.Such information can be used to develop effective strategies and provide individual support and ongoing education.Consequently,nurses will acquire suicide prevention skills and help patients achieve swift recovery.
文摘Digestive system cancers are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Cancer patients are more likely to commit suicide.The objective of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the existing literature on suicide among patients with digestive system cancers to identify the incidence and risk factors relevant to suicide in these populations.The PRISMA-Scr(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension protocol for scoping reviews)protocol was used.The review was based on relevant articles published prior to January 2022 in databases of Web of Science and PubMed.The authors identified 21 records that met the criteria for inclusion.Among the 21 articles,18(n=85.7%)reported suicide risk factors,21(n=100%)evaluated the incidence of suicide and 16(n=76.2%)involved the variation in suicide rates.Only one study comprehensively reported that the suicide rate for this population was 32.8 per 100,000 years and the standardized mortality ratio(SMR)was 1.91.Most suicides occurred in patients with pancreatic,esophageal,and gastric cancers.The factors associated with suicide in digestive system cancers included male gender,older age,the white race,single status,advanced stage of disease,and cancer metastasis.The most critical time for suicide was in the early post-diagnostic period.It is indispensable to identify suicide in these cancer patients,especially those with high-risk factors.In the future,more prospective research may be needed to provide more reliable support and care to prevent suicide.
文摘Using the BNL Accelerator Test Facility we have shown that a tightly focused laser on a vacuum can accelerate an electron beam in free space. The electron beam had energy of 20 MeV and the CO2 laser had energy of about 3 Joule. In the readout of the experiment we detect a clear effect for the laser beam off and on. The size of the effect is about 20% and is reproducible over many laser and beam shots. This is a proof of principle and the data are fully consistent with the CAS theory. The results of this experiment may have an impact on the LASER fusion method.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272050 and U21A20208)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice(2022PT1005)+2 种基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2022JJ30021)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023NK1010)the Changsha Science and Technology Project(Grant No.kq2202221)。
文摘Hybrid rice(Oryza sativa)generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance,a phenomenon termed heterosis,but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood.Here,we combined transcriptome,proteome,physiological,and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000(CY1000).In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents(mid-parent heterosis),CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents(over-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis).Nonadditive expression and allele-specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance,acting in an overdominant fashion in CY1000.Furthermore,we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and OsAAT30.The salt-sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72^(paternal)genotype or the OsAAT30^(maternal)genotype in core rice germplasm varieties.OsWRKY72^(paternal)specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress,leading to salinity sensitivity,while OsWRKY72^(maternal)specifically repressed OsAAT30,resulting in salinity tolerance.These results suggest that the OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice,providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.
