Dear Editor,Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a small,enveloped DNA virus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family(Zhao et al.,2020).It is a major human pathogen causing chronic liver disease,leading to significant morbidity ...Dear Editor,Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a small,enveloped DNA virus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family(Zhao et al.,2020).It is a major human pathogen causing chronic liver disease,leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide(Xia and Liang,2019).According to the World Health Organization(WHO),an estimated 296 million people live with chronic HBV infection,contributing to around 820,000 deaths annually due to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(Easterbrook et al.,2021).展开更多
Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great conc...Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great concem. This paper uses the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method （QALE-FEM）, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory （FNPT）, to numerically investigate the interaction between two 3-D floating structures, which undergo motions with 6 degrees of freedom （DOFs）, and are subjected to waves with different incident angles. The transient behaviours of floating structures, the effect of the accompanied structures, and the nonlinearity on the motion of and the wave loads on the structures are the main focuses of the study. The investigation reveals an important transient effects causing considerably larger structure motion than that in steady state. The results also indicate that the accompanied structure in close proximity enhances the interaction between different motion modes and results in stronger nonlinearity causing 2hal-order component to be of similar significance to the fundamental one.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy is a preferred strategy for boosting anti-tumor immunity to eliminate malignant cells and is considered a major breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment however,immunosuppressive cells in the...Cancer immunotherapy is a preferred strategy for boosting anti-tumor immunity to eliminate malignant cells and is considered a major breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment however,immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)pose a major obstacle to the efficacy of immunotherapy.Myeloid cells,such as tumor-a ssociated macrophages(TAMs)and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).展开更多
Commensal microbiota is closely related to Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Gut bacteria maturation accelerates HBV immune clearance in hydrodynamic injection(HDI)HBV mouse model.However,the effect of gut bacteria on H...Commensal microbiota is closely related to Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Gut bacteria maturation accelerates HBV immune clearance in hydrodynamic injection(HDI)HBV mouse model.However,the effect of gut bacteria on HBV replication in recombinant adeno-associated virus(AAV)-HBV mouse model with immune tolerance remains obscure.We aim to investigate its role on HBV replication in AAV-HBV mouse model.C57BL/6 mice were administrated with broad-spectrum antibiotic mixtures(ABX)to deplete gut bacteria and intravenously injected with AAV-HBV to establish persistent HBV replication.Gut microbiota community was analyzed by fecal qPCR assay and 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing.HBV replication markers in blood and liver were determined by ELISA,qPCR assay and Western blot at indicated time points.Immune response in AAV-HBV mouse model was activated through HDI of HBV plasmid or poly(I:C)and then detected by quantifying the percentage of IFN-γ^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the spleen via flow cytometry as well as the splenic IFN-γmRNA level via qPCR assay.We found that antibiotic exposure remarkably decreased gut bacteria abundance and diversity.Antibiotic treatment failed to alter the levels of serological HBV antigens,intrahepatic HBV RNA transcripts and HBc protein in AAV-HBV mouse model,but contributed to HBsAg increase after breaking of immune tolerance.Overall,our data uncovered that antibiotic-induced gut bacteria depletion has no effect on HBV replication in immune tolerant AAV-HBV mouse model,providing new thoughts for elucidating the correlation between gut bacteria dysbiosis by antibiotic abuse and clinical chronic HBV infection.展开更多
Graphene materials have excellent optical and electrical properties,and in recent years,significant achievements have been made in the chemical improvement and preparation of graphene.This article analyzes the progres...Graphene materials have excellent optical and electrical properties,and in recent years,significant achievements have been made in the chemical improvement and preparation of graphene.This article analyzes the progress in the chemical preparation,chemical modification,surface chemistry,and catalysis of graphene,in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.展开更多
The hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a formidable global health challenge.Chronic infection affects approximately 300 million people worldwide and serves as a leading cause of hepatocellu-lar carcinoma.^([1])Despite deca...The hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a formidable global health challenge.Chronic infection affects approximately 300 million people worldwide and serves as a leading cause of hepatocellu-lar carcinoma.^([1])Despite decades of research,a true functional cure remains elusive,largely due to the persistence of the viral minichromosome-covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)^([2])-the resource of HBV replication.Upon binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and engaging the viral receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide(NTCP),^([3])HBV enters hepatocytes and transmits its genome into the nucleus.展开更多
Accurate prediction of transient nitrogen oxides(NOx)emissions from diesel vehicles is essential for precise emission inventories and effective pollution control but challenged by data nonlinearity and dynamic operati...Accurate prediction of transient nitrogen oxides(NOx)emissions from diesel vehicles is essential for precise emission inventories and effective pollution control but challenged by data nonlinearity and dynamic operating conditions.This study develops the Wavelet Decomposition(WD)-Parallel Spatiotemporal Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory(PSTALSTM)model,using real-world Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS)and On-Board Diagnostics(OBD)data.WD preprocessing reduces emission data non-stationarity,generating more stable inputs.The PSTALSTM architecture,built upon Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM),incorporates a parallel attention mechanism to adaptively weight features and temporal segments,effectively capturing spatiotemporal correlations within the emission data.Validation with on-road test data demonstrates WD-PSTALSTM’s superior performance over existing models.It achieves reductions exceeding 20%in mean absolute error(MAE)and 15%in root mean square error(RMSE),significantly enhancing prediction accuracy.These results establish WD-PSTALSTM as an effective approach for forecasting transient diesel engine NOx emissions.The research provides valuable methodologies for emission prediction based on vehicle operational data,contributing to environmental pollution mitigation efforts.展开更多
Virus tagged with greenfluorescent protein(GFP)contributes to the visualization and study of the virus in living cells.However,the hepatitis B virus(HBV)particle,which is a compact virion with limited internal space,ca...Virus tagged with greenfluorescent protein(GFP)contributes to the visualization and study of the virus in living cells.However,the hepatitis B virus(HBV)particle,which is a compact virion with limited internal space,cannot be incorporated with GFP tag as a large fragment.It was recently reported that protein genetically inserted with a smaller size tetracysteine(TC)tag could be specially labeled by a biarsenicalfluorescent dye in living cells.In this study,we constructed a recombinant HBV vector encoding TC-tagged core protein for biarsenical labeling of HBV virion.TC tag was genetically inserted near the immunodominant c/e1 site of HBV core protein by mutagenesis.Western blot and enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)analysis showed that the TC-tagged core protein,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)could be expressed in cells transfected with the recombinant HBV vector,which is similar to the cells transfected with wild-type HBV vector.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Southern blot analysis showed that HBV virion formation was affected by the genetic insertion of TC tag into core protein in some degree,but cells transfected with the HBV vector could still produce HBV virions incorporated with TC-tagged core proteins.Taken together,the recombinant HBV vector can serve as a useful tool to produce HBV virions incorporated with TC-tagged core proteins to befluorescently labeled by biarsencial dye for visualizing and studying HBV in living cells.展开更多
This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists,each of whom played an integral role in the identification of the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and the characterization of the disease it ...This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists,each of whom played an integral role in the identification of the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and the characterization of the disease it causes,chronic hepatitis C(CHC).Initially Dr.Harvey Alter,a hematologist at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda,Maryland recognized that there were many cases of post-transfusion hepatitis,unrelated to hepatitis A virus(HAV)or hepatitis B virus(HBV),termed non-A,non-B hepatitis.Dr.Michael Houghton,a microbiologist working at a small biotechnology company,Chiron in Emeryville,California,identified HCV as the causative agent of non-A,non-B hepatitis.After discovery of the HCV,Dr.Charles Rice,at Rockefeller University,New Yorkworked on constructing a replication competent clone of the virus thatwas later used to demonstrate that theHCV alone was indeed the cause of CHC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2308500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(project no.2042024kf0026),the Open Grant from the Pingyuan Laboratory(2023PY-OP-0101)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.81971936,32100125 and 32300131)Hubei Province's Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program,East Lake Hi-tech Development Zone Unveiling and Commanding Project(No.2023KJB219)Science and Technology Talent Service Enterprise Project(No.2024DJC064)Basic and Clinical Medical Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University.
文摘Dear Editor,Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a small,enveloped DNA virus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family(Zhao et al.,2020).It is a major human pathogen causing chronic liver disease,leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide(Xia and Liang,2019).According to the World Health Organization(WHO),an estimated 296 million people live with chronic HBV infection,contributing to around 820,000 deaths annually due to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(Easterbrook et al.,2021).
基金Supported by EPSRC/FSC (EP/I502033/1) and Leverhulme Trust (ECF/40348), UK
文摘Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great concem. This paper uses the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method （QALE-FEM）, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory （FNPT）, to numerically investigate the interaction between two 3-D floating structures, which undergo motions with 6 degrees of freedom （DOFs）, and are subjected to waves with different incident angles. The transient behaviours of floating structures, the effect of the accompanied structures, and the nonlinearity on the motion of and the wave loads on the structures are the main focuses of the study. The investigation reveals an important transient effects causing considerably larger structure motion than that in steady state. The results also indicate that the accompanied structure in close proximity enhances the interaction between different motion modes and results in stronger nonlinearity causing 2hal-order component to be of similar significance to the fundamental one.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82150119 to HX.L.and Grant No.8223000771 to B.Z.)。
文摘Cancer immunotherapy is a preferred strategy for boosting anti-tumor immunity to eliminate malignant cells and is considered a major breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment however,immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)pose a major obstacle to the efficacy of immunotherapy.Myeloid cells,such as tumor-a ssociated macrophages(TAMs)and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.81971936)Hubei Province's Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program,Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(project no.2020CFA015)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(project no.2042022kf1215 and 2042021gf0013)and Basic and Clinical Medical Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University.
文摘Commensal microbiota is closely related to Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Gut bacteria maturation accelerates HBV immune clearance in hydrodynamic injection(HDI)HBV mouse model.However,the effect of gut bacteria on HBV replication in recombinant adeno-associated virus(AAV)-HBV mouse model with immune tolerance remains obscure.We aim to investigate its role on HBV replication in AAV-HBV mouse model.C57BL/6 mice were administrated with broad-spectrum antibiotic mixtures(ABX)to deplete gut bacteria and intravenously injected with AAV-HBV to establish persistent HBV replication.Gut microbiota community was analyzed by fecal qPCR assay and 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing.HBV replication markers in blood and liver were determined by ELISA,qPCR assay and Western blot at indicated time points.Immune response in AAV-HBV mouse model was activated through HDI of HBV plasmid or poly(I:C)and then detected by quantifying the percentage of IFN-γ^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the spleen via flow cytometry as well as the splenic IFN-γmRNA level via qPCR assay.We found that antibiotic exposure remarkably decreased gut bacteria abundance and diversity.Antibiotic treatment failed to alter the levels of serological HBV antigens,intrahepatic HBV RNA transcripts and HBc protein in AAV-HBV mouse model,but contributed to HBsAg increase after breaking of immune tolerance.Overall,our data uncovered that antibiotic-induced gut bacteria depletion has no effect on HBV replication in immune tolerant AAV-HBV mouse model,providing new thoughts for elucidating the correlation between gut bacteria dysbiosis by antibiotic abuse and clinical chronic HBV infection.
文摘Graphene materials have excellent optical and electrical properties,and in recent years,significant achievements have been made in the chemical improvement and preparation of graphene.This article analyzes the progress in the chemical preparation,chemical modification,surface chemistry,and catalysis of graphene,in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042024kf0026)+4 种基金the Open Grant from the Pingyuan Laboratory(2023PY-OP-0101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971936)East Lake Hi-tech Development Zone Unveiling and Commanding Project(2023KJB219)Science and Technology Talent Service Enterprise Project(2024DJC064)Large-scale Instrument And Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University and Basic and Clinical Medical Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University.
文摘The hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a formidable global health challenge.Chronic infection affects approximately 300 million people worldwide and serves as a leading cause of hepatocellu-lar carcinoma.^([1])Despite decades of research,a true functional cure remains elusive,largely due to the persistence of the viral minichromosome-covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)^([2])-the resource of HBV replication.Upon binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and engaging the viral receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide(NTCP),^([3])HBV enters hepatocytes and transmits its genome into the nucleus.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[125RC793].
文摘Accurate prediction of transient nitrogen oxides(NOx)emissions from diesel vehicles is essential for precise emission inventories and effective pollution control but challenged by data nonlinearity and dynamic operating conditions.This study develops the Wavelet Decomposition(WD)-Parallel Spatiotemporal Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory(PSTALSTM)model,using real-world Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS)and On-Board Diagnostics(OBD)data.WD preprocessing reduces emission data non-stationarity,generating more stable inputs.The PSTALSTM architecture,built upon Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM),incorporates a parallel attention mechanism to adaptively weight features and temporal segments,effectively capturing spatiotemporal correlations within the emission data.Validation with on-road test data demonstrates WD-PSTALSTM’s superior performance over existing models.It achieves reductions exceeding 20%in mean absolute error(MAE)and 15%in root mean square error(RMSE),significantly enhancing prediction accuracy.These results establish WD-PSTALSTM as an effective approach for forecasting transient diesel engine NOx emissions.The research provides valuable methodologies for emission prediction based on vehicle operational data,contributing to environmental pollution mitigation efforts.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30872237 and 30600277)National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2007CB512900)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.20070487007).
文摘Virus tagged with greenfluorescent protein(GFP)contributes to the visualization and study of the virus in living cells.However,the hepatitis B virus(HBV)particle,which is a compact virion with limited internal space,cannot be incorporated with GFP tag as a large fragment.It was recently reported that protein genetically inserted with a smaller size tetracysteine(TC)tag could be specially labeled by a biarsenicalfluorescent dye in living cells.In this study,we constructed a recombinant HBV vector encoding TC-tagged core protein for biarsenical labeling of HBV virion.TC tag was genetically inserted near the immunodominant c/e1 site of HBV core protein by mutagenesis.Western blot and enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)analysis showed that the TC-tagged core protein,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)could be expressed in cells transfected with the recombinant HBV vector,which is similar to the cells transfected with wild-type HBV vector.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Southern blot analysis showed that HBV virion formation was affected by the genetic insertion of TC tag into core protein in some degree,but cells transfected with the HBV vector could still produce HBV virions incorporated with TC-tagged core proteins.Taken together,the recombinant HBV vector can serve as a useful tool to produce HBV virions incorporated with TC-tagged core proteins to befluorescently labeled by biarsencial dye for visualizing and studying HBV in living cells.
文摘This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists,each of whom played an integral role in the identification of the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and the characterization of the disease it causes,chronic hepatitis C(CHC).Initially Dr.Harvey Alter,a hematologist at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda,Maryland recognized that there were many cases of post-transfusion hepatitis,unrelated to hepatitis A virus(HAV)or hepatitis B virus(HBV),termed non-A,non-B hepatitis.Dr.Michael Houghton,a microbiologist working at a small biotechnology company,Chiron in Emeryville,California,identified HCV as the causative agent of non-A,non-B hepatitis.After discovery of the HCV,Dr.Charles Rice,at Rockefeller University,New Yorkworked on constructing a replication competent clone of the virus thatwas later used to demonstrate that theHCV alone was indeed the cause of CHC.
