This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multis...This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.展开更多
Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a leading cause of birth defect-related mortality.However,more recent CHD mortality data for China are lacking.Additionally,limited studies have evaluated sex,rural-urban,and...Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a leading cause of birth defect-related mortality.However,more recent CHD mortality data for China are lacking.Additionally,limited studies have evaluated sex,rural-urban,and region-specific disparities of CHD mortality in China.Methods:We designed a population-based study using data from the Dataset of National Mortality Surveillance in China between 2008 and 2021.We calculated age-adjusted CHD mortality using the sixth census data of China in 2010 as the standard population.We assessed the temporal trends in CHD mortality by age,sex,area,and region from 2008 to 2021 using the joinpoint regression model.Results:From 2008 to 2021,33,534 deaths were attributed to CHD.The period witnessed a two-fold decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality from 1.61 to 0.76 per 100,000 persons(average annual percent change[AAPC]=-5.90%).Females tended to have lower age-adjusted CHD mortality than males,but with a similar decline rate from 2008 to 2021(females:AAPC=-6.15%;males:AAPC=-5.84%).Similar AAPC values were observed among people living in urban(AAPC=-6.64%)and rural(AAPC=-6.12%)areas.Eastern regions experienced a more pronounced decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality(AAPC=-7.86%)than central(AAPC=-5.83%)and western regions(AAPC=-3.71%)between 2008 and 2021.Approximately half of the deaths(46.19%)due to CHD occurred during infancy.The CHD mortality rates in 2021 were lower than those in 2008 for people aged 0-39 years,with the largest decrease observed among children aged 1-4 years(AAPC=-8.26%),followed by infants(AAPC=-7.01%).Conclusions:CHD mortality in China has dramatically decreased from 2008 to 2021.The slower decrease in CHD mortality in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions suggested that public health policymakers should pay more attention to health resources and health education for central and western regions.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the autism spectrum rating scale（ASRS）. We recruited 1,625community-based children and 211 autism spectrum disorder（ASD...The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the autism spectrum rating scale（ASRS）. We recruited 1,625community-based children and 211 autism spectrum disorder（ASD） cases from 4 sites, and the parents of all participants completed the Chinese version of the ASRS. A robust weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimator was used for exploratory factor analysis. The3-factor structure included 59 items suitable for the current sample. The item reliability for the modi？ed Chinese version of the ASRS（MC-ASRS） was excellent. Moreover,with 60 as the cut-off point, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the MC-ASRS had excellent discriminate validity, comparable to that of the unmodi？ed Chinese version（UC-ASRS）, with area under the curve values of 0.952（95% CI： 0.936–0.967） and 0.948（95% CI：0.930–0.965）, respectively. Meanwhile, the con？rm factor analysis revealed that MC-ASRS had a better construct validity than UC-ASRS based on the above factor solution in another children sample. In conclusion, the MC-ASRS shows better ef？cacy in epidemiological screening for ASD in Chinese children.展开更多
This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and...This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and teachers were invited to complete the Chinese Parent version and the Teacher version of the ASRS. In both versions, boys had signi？cantly higher sub-scale scores and total score（T-score） by 1–3 and 4–5 points respectively, than girls（both P ／ 0.001）. Age had weak correlations with some sub-scores and the T-score（r ranged from-0.1859 to 0.0738）, and some reached signi？cance（P ／ 0.03）. The correlations appeared stronger and were more common in females. The T-score based on Chinese norms ideally correlated with the score based on the United States norms in boys and girls for both versions.Norms for the Chinese version of the ASRS for children aged 6–12 years are proposed and may be helpful for screening individuals with autism spectrum disorders from the general population of children.展开更多
Congenital heart disease(CHD)is one of the most common congenital malformations,with a prevalence of approximately 1%in live births.[1,2]Among them,1/4 to 1/3 are major CHD,including critical CHD(CCHD)and serious CHD,...Congenital heart disease(CHD)is one of the most common congenital malformations,with a prevalence of approximately 1%in live births.[1,2]Among them,1/4 to 1/3 are major CHD,including critical CHD(CCHD)and serious CHD,which require surgical or catheter intervention before 1 year of age.[3]Major CHD,if left untreated,may cause serious outcomes,such as heart failure,cardiogenic shock,acidosis,and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,and is one of the leading causes of infant death and childhood disability.[4]The missed diagnosis rate of CCHD in four nurseries ranges from 13%to 48%in developed countries,[4,5]but in China,is>71%before serious symptoms occur after birth.[6]Therefore,screening for CHD is useful for early detection,diagnosis,and treatment and helps to improve prognosis and reduces the medical,economic,and mental burden to both the family and the society.[5,7]展开更多
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201302002,Clinical Trial NCT02200679)。
文摘This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2701004 and 2016YFC1000506)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-002)+1 种基金Shanghai Health Commission of Health Industry Clinical Research Project(No.20234Y0211)Three-Year Planning for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System in Shanghai(No.GWIV-24).
文摘Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a leading cause of birth defect-related mortality.However,more recent CHD mortality data for China are lacking.Additionally,limited studies have evaluated sex,rural-urban,and region-specific disparities of CHD mortality in China.Methods:We designed a population-based study using data from the Dataset of National Mortality Surveillance in China between 2008 and 2021.We calculated age-adjusted CHD mortality using the sixth census data of China in 2010 as the standard population.We assessed the temporal trends in CHD mortality by age,sex,area,and region from 2008 to 2021 using the joinpoint regression model.Results:From 2008 to 2021,33,534 deaths were attributed to CHD.The period witnessed a two-fold decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality from 1.61 to 0.76 per 100,000 persons(average annual percent change[AAPC]=-5.90%).Females tended to have lower age-adjusted CHD mortality than males,but with a similar decline rate from 2008 to 2021(females:AAPC=-6.15%;males:AAPC=-5.84%).Similar AAPC values were observed among people living in urban(AAPC=-6.64%)and rural(AAPC=-6.12%)areas.Eastern regions experienced a more pronounced decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality(AAPC=-7.86%)than central(AAPC=-5.83%)and western regions(AAPC=-3.71%)between 2008 and 2021.Approximately half of the deaths(46.19%)due to CHD occurred during infancy.The CHD mortality rates in 2021 were lower than those in 2008 for people aged 0-39 years,with the largest decrease observed among children aged 1-4 years(AAPC=-8.26%),followed by infants(AAPC=-7.01%).Conclusions:CHD mortality in China has dramatically decreased from 2008 to 2021.The slower decrease in CHD mortality in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions suggested that public health policymakers should pay more attention to health resources and health education for central and western regions.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China(201302002Clinical Trials.gov number NCT 02200679)+1 种基金the Shanghai International Cooperation Ministry of Science Projects(14430712200)the Development Project of Shanghai Peak Discipline-Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine
文摘The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the autism spectrum rating scale（ASRS）. We recruited 1,625community-based children and 211 autism spectrum disorder（ASD） cases from 4 sites, and the parents of all participants completed the Chinese version of the ASRS. A robust weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimator was used for exploratory factor analysis. The3-factor structure included 59 items suitable for the current sample. The item reliability for the modi？ed Chinese version of the ASRS（MC-ASRS） was excellent. Moreover,with 60 as the cut-off point, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the MC-ASRS had excellent discriminate validity, comparable to that of the unmodi？ed Chinese version（UC-ASRS）, with area under the curve values of 0.952（95% CI： 0.936–0.967） and 0.948（95% CI：0.930–0.965）, respectively. Meanwhile, the con？rm factor analysis revealed that MC-ASRS had a better construct validity than UC-ASRS based on the above factor solution in another children sample. In conclusion, the MC-ASRS shows better ef？cacy in epidemiological screening for ASD in Chinese children.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(201302002Clinical Trials.gov Number NCT 02200679)+1 种基金the Shanghai International Cooperation Ministry of Science Projects,China(14430712200)the Development Project of Shanghai Peak Discipline-Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine
文摘This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and teachers were invited to complete the Chinese Parent version and the Teacher version of the ASRS. In both versions, boys had signi？cantly higher sub-scale scores and total score（T-score） by 1–3 and 4–5 points respectively, than girls（both P ／ 0.001）. Age had weak correlations with some sub-scores and the T-score（r ranged from-0.1859 to 0.0738）, and some reached signi？cance（P ／ 0.03）. The correlations appeared stronger and were more common in females. The T-score based on Chinese norms ideally correlated with the score based on the United States norms in boys and girls for both versions.Norms for the Chinese version of the ASRS for children aged 6–12 years are proposed and may be helpful for screening individuals with autism spectrum disorders from the general population of children.
基金National Key Research and Development Program(No. 2016YFC1000506)Innovation Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No. 2018RU002)Three-Year Planning for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System in Shanghai(No. GWIV-24)
文摘Congenital heart disease(CHD)is one of the most common congenital malformations,with a prevalence of approximately 1%in live births.[1,2]Among them,1/4 to 1/3 are major CHD,including critical CHD(CCHD)and serious CHD,which require surgical or catheter intervention before 1 year of age.[3]Major CHD,if left untreated,may cause serious outcomes,such as heart failure,cardiogenic shock,acidosis,and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,and is one of the leading causes of infant death and childhood disability.[4]The missed diagnosis rate of CCHD in four nurseries ranges from 13%to 48%in developed countries,[4,5]but in China,is>71%before serious symptoms occur after birth.[6]Therefore,screening for CHD is useful for early detection,diagnosis,and treatment and helps to improve prognosis and reduces the medical,economic,and mental burden to both the family and the society.[5,7]
