In order to study the feeding effect of fine division of feeding stages on the growing-finishing pigs,96 healthy Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire hybrid commercial pigs with similar age in days,size,and body weig...In order to study the feeding effect of fine division of feeding stages on the growing-finishing pigs,96 healthy Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire hybrid commercial pigs with similar age in days,size,and body weight about 15 kg,half boars and half sows,randomly divided into3 treatments( each treatment repeated 4 times,and each repetition 8 pigs). According to the body weight division standard,three stages,four stages,and five stages of feeding were adopted separately. The daily ration of with different nutrition levels was used,body weight and feed consumption were measured,and effects of different feeding methods on body weight increase,feed utilization,and economic benefits of growing-finishing pigs. The results showed that compared with the three-stage feeding,the body weight of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased by 4. 18%( P < 0. 01) and 2. 41%( P < 0. 05),respectively,and the body weight of five-stage feeding increased by 1. 74%( P < 0. 05) compared with that of four-stage feeding; the daily feed consumption of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased 3. 10%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 70%(P <0. 01),respectively,and the daily feed consumption of five-stage feeding was 1. 37% higher than that of four-stage feeding. The feed cost of five-stage feeding and four-stage feeding increased 3. 32%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 61%( P < 0. 05) separately,and the feed cost of five-stage feeding was 1. 69% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P < 0. 01). The income from average body weight increase of five-stage and fourstage feeding increased by 5. 47%( P < 0. 01) and 3. 59%( P < 0. 01) respectively,and the benefit of average body weight increase of fivestage feeding was 1. 81% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P > 0. 05). The crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage and four-stage feeding decreased by 2. 28%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 68%( P < 0. 01),respectively; the crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage feeding was 0. 67% lower than that of four-stage feeding; the feed conversion ratio of five-stage feeding,four-stage feeding,and three-stage feeding was 2. 92,2. 93,and 2. 95 respectively. The results showed that compared with the threestage feeding,the four-stage and five-stage feeding could significantly increase the body weight of the growing-finishing pigs,improve the feed utilization level and improve the economic benefits,and the effect of five-stage feeding was better than the four-stage feeding.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at perso...Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at personal area network (PAN) level. Because RERM is inherently application-oriented, the network model adopted should also be application-oriented. However, many factors of WSNs applications such as link selected probability and ACK mechanism etc. were neglected by current network models. These factors can introduce obvious influence on throughput of WSNs. Then the energy consumption of nodes will be influenced greatly. So these models cannot characterize many real properties of WSNs, and the result of RERM is not consistent with the real-world situation. In this study, these factors neglected by other researchers are taken into account. Furthermore, an application-oriented general network model (AGNM) for RERM is proposed. Based on the AGNM, the dynamic characteristics of WSNs are simulated. The experimental results show that AGNM can approximately characterize the real situation of WSNs. Therefore, the AGNM provides a good foundation for RERM research.展开更多
In this paper,we report a novel nanoscale wrinkle-structure fabrication process using fluorocarbon plasma on poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)and Solaris membranes.Wrinkles with wavelengths of hundreds of nanometers were o...In this paper,we report a novel nanoscale wrinkle-structure fabrication process using fluorocarbon plasma on poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)and Solaris membranes.Wrinkles with wavelengths of hundreds of nanometers were obtained on these two materials,showing that the fabrication process was universally applicable.By varying the plasma-treating time,the wavelength of the wrinkle structure could be controlled.Highly transparent membranes with wrinkle patterns were obtained when the plasmatreating time was o125 s.The transmittances of these membranes were 490%in the visible region,making it difficult to distinguish them from a flat membrane.The deposited fluorocarbon polymer also dramatically reduced the surface energy,which allowed us to replicate the wrinkle pattern with high precision onto other membranes without any surfactant coating.The combined advantages of high electron affinity and high transparency enabled the fabricated membrane to improve the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator.This nanoscale,single-step,and universal wrinkle-pattern fabrication process,with the functionality of high transparency and ultra-low surface energy,shows an attractive potential for future applications in microand nanodevices,especially in transparent energy harvesters.展开更多
This paper proposes a variational binary level set method for shape and topology optimization of structural.First,a topology optimization problem is presented based on the level set method and an algorithm based on bi...This paper proposes a variational binary level set method for shape and topology optimization of structural.First,a topology optimization problem is presented based on the level set method and an algorithm based on binary level set method is proposed to solve such problem.Considering the difficulties of coordination between the various parameters and efficient implementation of the proposed method,we present a fast algorithm by reducing several parameters to only one parameter,which would substantially reduce the complexity of computation and make it easily and quickly to get the optimal solution.The algorithm we constructed does not need to re-initialize and can produce many new holes automatically.Furthermore,the fast algorithm allows us to avoid the update of Lagrange multiplier and easily deal with constraints,such as piecewise constant,volume and length of the interfaces.Finally,we show several optimum design examples to confirm the validity and efficiency of our method.展开更多
The paper is devoted to the study of rational proper holomorphic maps from the unit ball B^n to the unit ball B^N. We classify these maps with both the geometric rank and the degeneracy rank less than or equal to two.
In the bioluminescence tomography （BLT） problem, one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal＇s body surface. The BLT probl...In the bioluminescence tomography （BLT） problem, one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal＇s body surface. The BLT problem is ill-posed and often the Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain stable approximate solutions. In conventional Tikhonov regularization, it is crucial to choose a proper regularization parameter to balance the accuracy and stability of approximate solutions. In this paper, a parameter-dependent coupled complex boundary method （CCBM） based Tikhonov regularization is applied to the BLT problem governed by the radiative transfer equation （RTE）. By properly adjusting the parameter in the Robin boundary condition, we achieve one important property： the regularized solutions are uniformly stable with respect to the regularization parameter so that the regularization parameter can be chosen based solely on the consideration of the solution accuracy. The discrete-ordinate finite-element method is used to compute numerical solutions. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce and study a new method for solving inverse source problems,through aworkingmodel that arises in bioluminescence tomography(BLT).In the BLT problem,one constructs quantitatively the biolumine...In this paper,we introduce and study a new method for solving inverse source problems,through aworkingmodel that arises in bioluminescence tomography(BLT).In the BLT problem,one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal’s body surface.The BLT problem possesses strong ill-posedness and often the Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain stable approximate solutions.In conventional Tikhonov regularization,it is crucial to choose a proper regularization parameter for trade off between the accuracy and stability of approximate solutions.The new method is based on a combination of the boundary condition and the boundary measurement in a parameter-dependent single complex Robin boundary condition,followed by the Tikhonov regularization.By properly adjusting the parameter in the Robin boundary condition,we achieve two important properties for our new method:first,the regularized solutions are uniformly stable with respect to the regularization parameter so that the regularization parameter can be chosen based solely on the consideration of the solution accuracy;second,the convergence order of the regularized solutions reaches one with respect to the noise level.Then,the finite element method is used to compute numerical solutions and a newfinite element error estimate is derived for discrete solutions.These results improve related results found in the existing literature.Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.展开更多
This paper investigates the eigenmode optimization problem governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation in continuum system in which the computed eigenmode approaches the prescribed eigenmode in the whole domain.The firs...This paper investigates the eigenmode optimization problem governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation in continuum system in which the computed eigenmode approaches the prescribed eigenmode in the whole domain.The first variation for the eigenmode optimization problem is evaluated by the quadratic penalty method,the adjoint variable method,and the formula based on sensitivity analysis.A penalty optimization algorithm is proposed,in which the density evolution is accomplished by introducing an artificial time term and solving an additional ordinary differential equation.The validity of the presented algorithm is confirmed by numerical results of the first and second eigenmode optimizations in 1D and 2D problems.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Shanxi Province(20120311022-5)Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Safe and Efficient Swine Production in Shanxi Province
文摘In order to study the feeding effect of fine division of feeding stages on the growing-finishing pigs,96 healthy Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire hybrid commercial pigs with similar age in days,size,and body weight about 15 kg,half boars and half sows,randomly divided into3 treatments( each treatment repeated 4 times,and each repetition 8 pigs). According to the body weight division standard,three stages,four stages,and five stages of feeding were adopted separately. The daily ration of with different nutrition levels was used,body weight and feed consumption were measured,and effects of different feeding methods on body weight increase,feed utilization,and economic benefits of growing-finishing pigs. The results showed that compared with the three-stage feeding,the body weight of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased by 4. 18%( P < 0. 01) and 2. 41%( P < 0. 05),respectively,and the body weight of five-stage feeding increased by 1. 74%( P < 0. 05) compared with that of four-stage feeding; the daily feed consumption of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased 3. 10%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 70%(P <0. 01),respectively,and the daily feed consumption of five-stage feeding was 1. 37% higher than that of four-stage feeding. The feed cost of five-stage feeding and four-stage feeding increased 3. 32%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 61%( P < 0. 05) separately,and the feed cost of five-stage feeding was 1. 69% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P < 0. 01). The income from average body weight increase of five-stage and fourstage feeding increased by 5. 47%( P < 0. 01) and 3. 59%( P < 0. 01) respectively,and the benefit of average body weight increase of fivestage feeding was 1. 81% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P > 0. 05). The crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage and four-stage feeding decreased by 2. 28%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 68%( P < 0. 01),respectively; the crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage feeding was 0. 67% lower than that of four-stage feeding; the feed conversion ratio of five-stage feeding,four-stage feeding,and three-stage feeding was 2. 92,2. 93,and 2. 95 respectively. The results showed that compared with the threestage feeding,the four-stage and five-stage feeding could significantly increase the body weight of the growing-finishing pigs,improve the feed utilization level and improve the economic benefits,and the effect of five-stage feeding was better than the four-stage feeding.
文摘Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained networks. The residual energy real-time monitoring (RERM) is very important for WSNs. Moreover, network model is an important foundation of RERM research at personal area network (PAN) level. Because RERM is inherently application-oriented, the network model adopted should also be application-oriented. However, many factors of WSNs applications such as link selected probability and ACK mechanism etc. were neglected by current network models. These factors can introduce obvious influence on throughput of WSNs. Then the energy consumption of nodes will be influenced greatly. So these models cannot characterize many real properties of WSNs, and the result of RERM is not consistent with the real-world situation. In this study, these factors neglected by other researchers are taken into account. Furthermore, an application-oriented general network model (AGNM) for RERM is proposed. Based on the AGNM, the dynamic characteristics of WSNs are simulated. The experimental results show that AGNM can approximately characterize the real situation of WSNs. Therefore, the AGNM provides a good foundation for RERM research.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61674004 and 91323304)National Key R&D Project from Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2016YFA0202701)+1 种基金the Beijing Science&Technology Project(Grant No.D151100003315003)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.4141002).
文摘In this paper,we report a novel nanoscale wrinkle-structure fabrication process using fluorocarbon plasma on poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)and Solaris membranes.Wrinkles with wavelengths of hundreds of nanometers were obtained on these two materials,showing that the fabrication process was universally applicable.By varying the plasma-treating time,the wavelength of the wrinkle structure could be controlled.Highly transparent membranes with wrinkle patterns were obtained when the plasmatreating time was o125 s.The transmittances of these membranes were 490%in the visible region,making it difficult to distinguish them from a flat membrane.The deposited fluorocarbon polymer also dramatically reduced the surface energy,which allowed us to replicate the wrinkle pattern with high precision onto other membranes without any surfactant coating.The combined advantages of high electron affinity and high transparency enabled the fabricated membrane to improve the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator.This nanoscale,single-step,and universal wrinkle-pattern fabrication process,with the functionality of high transparency and ultra-low surface energy,shows an attractive potential for future applications in microand nanodevices,especially in transparent energy harvesters.
基金the support of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ12A01012)Key Project of the Major Research Plan of NSFC(No.91130004)the Major Projects on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution of China(No.2009ZX07424-001).
文摘This paper proposes a variational binary level set method for shape and topology optimization of structural.First,a topology optimization problem is presented based on the level set method and an algorithm based on binary level set method is proposed to solve such problem.Considering the difficulties of coordination between the various parameters and efficient implementation of the proposed method,we present a fast algorithm by reducing several parameters to only one parameter,which would substantially reduce the complexity of computation and make it easily and quickly to get the optimal solution.The algorithm we constructed does not need to re-initialize and can produce many new holes automatically.Furthermore,the fast algorithm allows us to avoid the update of Lagrange multiplier and easily deal with constraints,such as piecewise constant,volume and length of the interfaces.Finally,we show several optimum design examples to confirm the validity and efficiency of our method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11301215,11571260 and 11722110)
文摘The paper is devoted to the study of rational proper holomorphic maps from the unit ball B^n to the unit ball B^N. We classify these maps with both the geometric rank and the degeneracy rank less than or equal to two.
文摘In the bioluminescence tomography （BLT） problem, one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal＇s body surface. The BLT problem is ill-posed and often the Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain stable approximate solutions. In conventional Tikhonov regularization, it is crucial to choose a proper regularization parameter to balance the accuracy and stability of approximate solutions. In this paper, a parameter-dependent coupled complex boundary method （CCBM） based Tikhonov regularization is applied to the BLT problem governed by the radiative transfer equation （RTE）. By properly adjusting the parameter in the Robin boundary condition, we achieve one important property： the regularized solutions are uniformly stable with respect to the regularization parameter so that the regularization parameter can be chosen based solely on the consideration of the solution accuracy. The discrete-ordinate finite-element method is used to compute numerical solutions. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
基金The work of the first author was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11401304)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20130780)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.NS2014078)The work of the second author was sup-ported by the Key Project of the Major Research Plan of NSFC(Grant No.91130004)The work of the third author was partially supported by NSF(Grant No.DMS-1521684)and Simons Foundation(Grant No.207052 and 228187).
文摘In this paper,we introduce and study a new method for solving inverse source problems,through aworkingmodel that arises in bioluminescence tomography(BLT).In the BLT problem,one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal’s body surface.The BLT problem possesses strong ill-posedness and often the Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain stable approximate solutions.In conventional Tikhonov regularization,it is crucial to choose a proper regularization parameter for trade off between the accuracy and stability of approximate solutions.The new method is based on a combination of the boundary condition and the boundary measurement in a parameter-dependent single complex Robin boundary condition,followed by the Tikhonov regularization.By properly adjusting the parameter in the Robin boundary condition,we achieve two important properties for our new method:first,the regularized solutions are uniformly stable with respect to the regularization parameter so that the regularization parameter can be chosen based solely on the consideration of the solution accuracy;second,the convergence order of the regularized solutions reaches one with respect to the noise level.Then,the finite element method is used to compute numerical solutions and a newfinite element error estimate is derived for discrete solutions.These results improve related results found in the existing literature.Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11201106 and 61303134)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LQ12A01001)Key Project of the Major Research Plan of NSFC(No.91130004).
文摘This paper investigates the eigenmode optimization problem governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation in continuum system in which the computed eigenmode approaches the prescribed eigenmode in the whole domain.The first variation for the eigenmode optimization problem is evaluated by the quadratic penalty method,the adjoint variable method,and the formula based on sensitivity analysis.A penalty optimization algorithm is proposed,in which the density evolution is accomplished by introducing an artificial time term and solving an additional ordinary differential equation.The validity of the presented algorithm is confirmed by numerical results of the first and second eigenmode optimizations in 1D and 2D problems.
