In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo...In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO). However, the timing of tectonic events and the relationships among these strata remain controversial. To better constrain these geologic events, a comprehensive study of the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the sandstones of the Kaishantun(KST) Formation and Kedao(KD) Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China, was conducted. The KST Formation is traditionally considered a molasse deposit. The sandstones display low CIA, PIA and high ICV values and low Th/U and Rb/Sr ratios, which suggest that the rocks were derived from an immature intermediate-felsic igneous source and experienced a simple sedimentary recycling history with relatively weak chemical weathering. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from two samples of the KST Formation yields ages of 748-252 Ma, suggesting that the KST Formation was deposited between 254.5 Ma and 252 Ma in Late Permian. The zircons were mainly derived from the continental northern part of the North China Craton(NCC). In contrast, the U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the KD Group yields ages of 2611-230 Ma, suggesting that the KD samples were deposited in the Early to Middle Triassic(ca. 248-233 Ma). The detrital zircon ages for the KD samples can be divided into groups with peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 800-1000 Ma, 500 Ma and 440-360 Ma, which suggest that the samples were derived from bidirectional provenances in the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the NCC. These new data,combined with previously published results, suggest that at least three orogenic events occurred in central-eastern Jilin Province during the Early Permian(270-262 Ma), Early Triassic(254-248 Ma) and Middle-Late Triassic(242-227 Ma). The final closure of the PAO occurred during 242-227 Ma in the Middle-Late Triassic along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record plate convergence and the scissor-like closure of the PAO in the eastern CAOB.展开更多
Purpose:.To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the photopic negative response (PhNR) for the detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods:.Fifty-two normal subjects (52 eyes) and 173 POAG patients.(173...Purpose:.To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the photopic negative response (PhNR) for the detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods:.Fifty-two normal subjects (52 eyes) and 173 POAG patients.(173 eyes) were studied. The PhNR was elicited using a white stimuli on a white background..The mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the visual field were measured using standard automated perimetry (SAP)..Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).was used to measure the mean thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Results:.In the glaucoma group,.as compared to the normal group,.the amplitudes of a-waves,.b-waves and PhNR were significantly smaller (P<0.001), and the PhNR implicit time was significantly longer.(P=0.004). The MD, PSD and mean thickness of the RNFL were significantly correlated with the amplitude of the PhNR (P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for the amplitudes of a-waves,.b-waves and PhNR were 0.853,.0.830 and 0.918, respectively. When the specificity was ≥95%, the sensitivities were 60.4%, 54.2% and 85.4% respectively. Conclusion:The PhNR amplitude was reduced even when the loss in visual field sensitivity was mild, which suggests that PhNR might be a useful indicator of early glaucoma disease.展开更多
Species-area relationships(SARs),also known as species-area curves,are fundamental scaling tools for biodiversity research.Sampling design and taxonomic groups affect the widely cited forms of species-area curves.Howe...Species-area relationships(SARs),also known as species-area curves,are fundamental scaling tools for biodiversity research.Sampling design and taxonomic groups affect the widely cited forms of species-area curves.However,the influence of sampling design and related environmental heterogeneity on SAR curves is rarely considered.Here,we investigated the SAR among different plant life forms(herbaceous plants,shrubs,and trees)in a 25.2-ha ForestGEO plot,the Wanglang Plot,in Sichuan,southwestern China,using a non-contiguous quadrat sampling method and power-law model.We compared the estimated parameters(the intercept c and the slope z)of the power-law models among different plant life forms,tested whether the SAR curve forms varied with sampling starting location,and assessed the effect of environmental heterogeneity accumulating with sampling area on curve variation.We found a wider range of variations in the SARs.The estimated c,z-values of power SAR were higher for the herbaceous plants than for the woody plants.A wider variation of SARs for the herbaceous plants than those for the woody plants.The selection of sampling starting location affected the SAR curve forms because of the roles of soil and topographic heterogeneity.We concluded that environmental heterogeneity regulates SAR curves sampled from different starting locations through spatial distribution of plant life forms.Thus,we recommend considering the design of sampling starting location when constructing SAR curves,especially in a heterogeneous habitat with unrandom distribution patterns of species.展开更多
Renal fibrosis is a common mechanism leading to kidney failure in chronic kidney diseases(CKDs),including obstruc-tive nephropathy(ON).Dysregulated inflammation is central to the development of renal fibrosis,but how ...Renal fibrosis is a common mechanism leading to kidney failure in chronic kidney diseases(CKDs),including obstruc-tive nephropathy(ON).Dysregulated inflammation is central to the development of renal fibrosis,but how local immune cells within the tissue microenvironment integrate and coordinate to drive this condition remains largely unknown.Herein,we documented that neutrophils were abundantly recruited and expelled neutrophil extracellu-lar traps(NETs)in human and mouse fibrotic kidneys.Importantly,circulating levels of NETs components displayed a significant correlation with worsened kidney function in ON patients.In the unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mouse model,blocking NETs by protein-arginine deiminase type 4(PAD4)deletion or DNase treatment significantly impaired NETs formation and inhibited renal fibrosis and inflammation,whereas NETs adoptive transfer exac-erbated the fibrotic process.Moreover,NET-mediated renal fibrosis was associated with enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells,which produced granzyme B(GZMB)to drive tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and fibroblast activation.Accordingly,pharmacological inhibition of GZMB resulted in blunted kidney inflam-mation and fibrosis.Furthermore,NETs profoundly potentiated the production of T-cell chemokines CXCL9/10/11 in macrophages,but not in tubular cells or fibroblasts,thus driving T-cell infiltration and fueling inflammatory cascades in the kidneys.Mechanistically,the NET-macrophage interaction was partially mediated by the TLR2/4 signaling.Thus,our work reveals a previously unexplored role of the collaboration between NETs and macrophages in supporting CD8^(+)T cell infiltration,which orchestrates kidney inflammation and fibrosis.展开更多
This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional ...This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional environment and subsistence strategies,it explores the technological adaptation,resource utilization,and social development characteristics of Late Neolithic humans.Through field surveys,typological analysis,and other methods,the study reveals the relationship between the functions of stone artifacts and subsistence economy,elucidates the“coexistence of old and new”phenomenon in the Machang Culture of the Zhuanglang River Basin,and provides new perspectives for prehistoric cultural research in the Gan-Qing region.展开更多
The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished he...The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished here,creating a unique and splendid culture.The Gejiawan site differs from other nearby Neolithic sites in that it is characterized by the widespread use of stone tools and a relatively high proportion of knapped(flaked)implements,a distinctive feature.We tentatively propose that the Gejiawan site may have served as a regional center of the Machang-type Neolithic in this area.Compared with contemporaneous surrounding sites,the Gejiawan site occupies a more open location with a wider visual field and covers a larger area;the artifacts recovered from the site are abundant in quantity,diverse in type,and finely worked,and craft technologies appear well developed.These attributes fully demonstrate the composite characteristics of the Machang culture’s subsistence strategies.展开更多
Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we...Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we used camera-trapping data collected in the temperate forests of the Taihang Mountains in North China during 2016–2019 to examine whether and how free-ranging cattle affected habitat use and Diel activity patterns of the endangered North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis)and its 2 wild prey species,Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus),and wild boar(Sus scrofa).Residents were also interviewed to record livestock depredation events by leopards during 2015–2019.We found that roe deer spatially avoided sites frequented by cattle,but wild boar did not.In the growing seasons,leopards shared habitats with cattle and tended to increase their diurnal activities where cattle were present.All 3 study species exhibitedfine-scale spatial-temporal segregation to cattle.Leopards selectively preyed on calves over adult cattle and livestock depredation frequency was positively correlated with the detection rates of cattle and wild prey,but not that of leopard.Thesefindings not only show that through behavioral adaption large carnivores and their ungulate prey may persist under livestock disturbance,but also highlight how important proper livestock management is for conserving North Chinese leopards in this region.To enhance livestock management and mitigate human–leopard conflicts,we recommend specific actions,such as better guarding of free-ranging cattle or adoption of a captive farming system.展开更多
Making medication prescriptions in response to the patient's diagnosis is a challenging task.The number of pharmaceutical companies,their inventory of medicines,and the recommended dosage confront a doctor with th...Making medication prescriptions in response to the patient's diagnosis is a challenging task.The number of pharmaceutical companies,their inventory of medicines,and the recommended dosage confront a doctor with the well-known problem of information and cognitive overload.To assist a medical practitioner in making informed decisions regarding a medical prescription to a patient,researchers have exploited electronic health records(EHRs)in automatically recommending medication.In recent years,medication recommendation using EHRs has been a salient research direction,which has attracted researchers to apply various deep learning(DL)models to the EHRs of patients in recommending prescriptions.Yet,in the absence of a holistic survey article,it needs a lot of effort and time to study these publications in order to understand the current state of research and identify the best-performing models along with the trends and challenges.To fill this research gap,this survey reports on state-of-the-art DL-based medication recommendation methods.It reviews the classification of DL-based medication recommendation(MR)models,compares their performance,and the unavoidable issues they face.It reports on the most common datasets and metrics used in evaluating MR models.The findings of this study have implications for researchers interested in MR models.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41602110, 41372108 and 41502064)the Taishan Scholar Talent Team Support Plan for Advantaged & Unique Discipline Areas+3 种基金the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project (Grant No. 2015193)the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents (Grant No. 2017RCJJ029)the SDUST Research Fund (Grant No. 2015TDJH101)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong province (Grants Nos. 2017CXGC1602 and 2017CXGC1603)
文摘In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO). However, the timing of tectonic events and the relationships among these strata remain controversial. To better constrain these geologic events, a comprehensive study of the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the sandstones of the Kaishantun(KST) Formation and Kedao(KD) Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China, was conducted. The KST Formation is traditionally considered a molasse deposit. The sandstones display low CIA, PIA and high ICV values and low Th/U and Rb/Sr ratios, which suggest that the rocks were derived from an immature intermediate-felsic igneous source and experienced a simple sedimentary recycling history with relatively weak chemical weathering. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from two samples of the KST Formation yields ages of 748-252 Ma, suggesting that the KST Formation was deposited between 254.5 Ma and 252 Ma in Late Permian. The zircons were mainly derived from the continental northern part of the North China Craton(NCC). In contrast, the U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the KD Group yields ages of 2611-230 Ma, suggesting that the KD samples were deposited in the Early to Middle Triassic(ca. 248-233 Ma). The detrital zircon ages for the KD samples can be divided into groups with peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 800-1000 Ma, 500 Ma and 440-360 Ma, which suggest that the samples were derived from bidirectional provenances in the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the NCC. These new data,combined with previously published results, suggest that at least three orogenic events occurred in central-eastern Jilin Province during the Early Permian(270-262 Ma), Early Triassic(254-248 Ma) and Middle-Late Triassic(242-227 Ma). The final closure of the PAO occurred during 242-227 Ma in the Middle-Late Triassic along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record plate convergence and the scissor-like closure of the PAO in the eastern CAOB.
文摘Purpose:.To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the photopic negative response (PhNR) for the detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods:.Fifty-two normal subjects (52 eyes) and 173 POAG patients.(173 eyes) were studied. The PhNR was elicited using a white stimuli on a white background..The mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the visual field were measured using standard automated perimetry (SAP)..Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).was used to measure the mean thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Results:.In the glaucoma group,.as compared to the normal group,.the amplitudes of a-waves,.b-waves and PhNR were significantly smaller (P<0.001), and the PhNR implicit time was significantly longer.(P=0.004). The MD, PSD and mean thickness of the RNFL were significantly correlated with the amplitude of the PhNR (P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for the amplitudes of a-waves,.b-waves and PhNR were 0.853,.0.830 and 0.918, respectively. When the specificity was ≥95%, the sensitivities were 60.4%, 54.2% and 85.4% respectively. Conclusion:The PhNR amplitude was reduced even when the loss in visual field sensitivity was mild, which suggests that PhNR might be a useful indicator of early glaucoma disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31988102 and 31300450).
文摘Species-area relationships(SARs),also known as species-area curves,are fundamental scaling tools for biodiversity research.Sampling design and taxonomic groups affect the widely cited forms of species-area curves.However,the influence of sampling design and related environmental heterogeneity on SAR curves is rarely considered.Here,we investigated the SAR among different plant life forms(herbaceous plants,shrubs,and trees)in a 25.2-ha ForestGEO plot,the Wanglang Plot,in Sichuan,southwestern China,using a non-contiguous quadrat sampling method and power-law model.We compared the estimated parameters(the intercept c and the slope z)of the power-law models among different plant life forms,tested whether the SAR curve forms varied with sampling starting location,and assessed the effect of environmental heterogeneity accumulating with sampling area on curve variation.We found a wider range of variations in the SARs.The estimated c,z-values of power SAR were higher for the herbaceous plants than for the woody plants.A wider variation of SARs for the herbaceous plants than those for the woody plants.The selection of sampling starting location affected the SAR curve forms because of the roles of soil and topographic heterogeneity.We concluded that environmental heterogeneity regulates SAR curves sampled from different starting locations through spatial distribution of plant life forms.Thus,we recommend considering the design of sampling starting location when constructing SAR curves,especially in a heterogeneous habitat with unrandom distribution patterns of species.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement(2022-2-5083)the Youth Support Fund of Chinese PLA General Hospital(22QNFC112)+1 种基金the Innovation Talent Fund of Senior Department of Pediatrics,The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital(QZX-04-EKCLJH-1)Guangxi Natural Science Funding(2025GXNSFBA069059).
文摘Renal fibrosis is a common mechanism leading to kidney failure in chronic kidney diseases(CKDs),including obstruc-tive nephropathy(ON).Dysregulated inflammation is central to the development of renal fibrosis,but how local immune cells within the tissue microenvironment integrate and coordinate to drive this condition remains largely unknown.Herein,we documented that neutrophils were abundantly recruited and expelled neutrophil extracellu-lar traps(NETs)in human and mouse fibrotic kidneys.Importantly,circulating levels of NETs components displayed a significant correlation with worsened kidney function in ON patients.In the unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mouse model,blocking NETs by protein-arginine deiminase type 4(PAD4)deletion or DNase treatment significantly impaired NETs formation and inhibited renal fibrosis and inflammation,whereas NETs adoptive transfer exac-erbated the fibrotic process.Moreover,NET-mediated renal fibrosis was associated with enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells,which produced granzyme B(GZMB)to drive tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and fibroblast activation.Accordingly,pharmacological inhibition of GZMB resulted in blunted kidney inflam-mation and fibrosis.Furthermore,NETs profoundly potentiated the production of T-cell chemokines CXCL9/10/11 in macrophages,but not in tubular cells or fibroblasts,thus driving T-cell infiltration and fueling inflammatory cascades in the kidneys.Mechanistically,the NET-macrophage interaction was partially mediated by the TLR2/4 signaling.Thus,our work reveals a previously unexplored role of the collaboration between NETs and macrophages in supporting CD8^(+)T cell infiltration,which orchestrates kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
基金This study represents the phased results of the Gansu Provincial Social Science Planning Project“Research on Prehistoric Craft Technology and Regional Cultural Development Process in the Ganqing Region”(2024YB043)the Gansu Provincial Education and Science&Technology Innovation Project“Research on Prehistoric Pottery Techniques and the East-West Interaction of Regional Craft Technology in the Datong River-Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024A014).
文摘This study is based on the stone artifacts of the Machang Culture in the Zhuanglang River Basin.By analyzing the relationship between lithic technology and economic patterns,and integrating considerations of regional environment and subsistence strategies,it explores the technological adaptation,resource utilization,and social development characteristics of Late Neolithic humans.Through field surveys,typological analysis,and other methods,the study reveals the relationship between the functions of stone artifacts and subsistence economy,elucidates the“coexistence of old and new”phenomenon in the Machang Culture of the Zhuanglang River Basin,and provides new perspectives for prehistoric cultural research in the Gan-Qing region.
基金the phased results of the Gansu Provincial Social Science Planning Project“Research on Prehistoric Handicraft Technology and Regional Cultural Development in the Gan-Qing Area”(2024YB043)the Gansu Provincial Education and Science&Technology Innovation Project“Study on Prehistoric Pottery Technology and East–West Interaction of Regional Handicraft Technology in the Datong River–Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024A-014)the Northwest Normal University 2024 Graduate Research Funding Project“Survey and Analysis of the Gejiawan Site in the Zhuanglang River Basin”(2024CXZX-LXS011).
文摘The Zhuanglang River is a primary tributary of the Yellow River.Tracing back to the prehistoric period,the numerous scattered settlement sites within the basin indicate that early inhabitants settled and flourished here,creating a unique and splendid culture.The Gejiawan site differs from other nearby Neolithic sites in that it is characterized by the widespread use of stone tools and a relatively high proportion of knapped(flaked)implements,a distinctive feature.We tentatively propose that the Gejiawan site may have served as a regional center of the Machang-type Neolithic in this area.Compared with contemporaneous surrounding sites,the Gejiawan site occupies a more open location with a wider visual field and covers a larger area;the artifacts recovered from the site are abundant in quantity,diverse in type,and finely worked,and craft technologies appear well developed.These attributes fully demonstrate the composite characteristics of the Machang culture’s subsistence strategies.
文摘Widespread distribution of livestock in the natural habitats of large carnivores may negatively impact carnivore populations by reducing wild prey availability and increasing human–carnivore conflicts.In this study,we used camera-trapping data collected in the temperate forests of the Taihang Mountains in North China during 2016–2019 to examine whether and how free-ranging cattle affected habitat use and Diel activity patterns of the endangered North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis)and its 2 wild prey species,Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus),and wild boar(Sus scrofa).Residents were also interviewed to record livestock depredation events by leopards during 2015–2019.We found that roe deer spatially avoided sites frequented by cattle,but wild boar did not.In the growing seasons,leopards shared habitats with cattle and tended to increase their diurnal activities where cattle were present.All 3 study species exhibitedfine-scale spatial-temporal segregation to cattle.Leopards selectively preyed on calves over adult cattle and livestock depredation frequency was positively correlated with the detection rates of cattle and wild prey,but not that of leopard.Thesefindings not only show that through behavioral adaption large carnivores and their ungulate prey may persist under livestock disturbance,but also highlight how important proper livestock management is for conserving North Chinese leopards in this region.To enhance livestock management and mitigate human–leopard conflicts,we recommend specific actions,such as better guarding of free-ranging cattle or adoption of a captive farming system.
基金funded by Southeast University-China Mobile Research Institute Joint Innovation Center undergrantno.CMYJY-202200475。
文摘Making medication prescriptions in response to the patient's diagnosis is a challenging task.The number of pharmaceutical companies,their inventory of medicines,and the recommended dosage confront a doctor with the well-known problem of information and cognitive overload.To assist a medical practitioner in making informed decisions regarding a medical prescription to a patient,researchers have exploited electronic health records(EHRs)in automatically recommending medication.In recent years,medication recommendation using EHRs has been a salient research direction,which has attracted researchers to apply various deep learning(DL)models to the EHRs of patients in recommending prescriptions.Yet,in the absence of a holistic survey article,it needs a lot of effort and time to study these publications in order to understand the current state of research and identify the best-performing models along with the trends and challenges.To fill this research gap,this survey reports on state-of-the-art DL-based medication recommendation methods.It reviews the classification of DL-based medication recommendation(MR)models,compares their performance,and the unavoidable issues they face.It reports on the most common datasets and metrics used in evaluating MR models.The findings of this study have implications for researchers interested in MR models.
