Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition...Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.展开更多
With shrinking transistor feature size,the fin-type field-effect transistor（FinFET） has become the most promising option in low-power circuit design due to its superior capability to suppress leakage.To support the ...With shrinking transistor feature size,the fin-type field-effect transistor（FinFET） has become the most promising option in low-power circuit design due to its superior capability to suppress leakage.To support the VLSI digital system flow based on logic synthesis,we have designed an optimized high-performance low-power FinFET standard cell library based on employing the mixed FBB/RBB technique in the existing stacked structure of each cell.This paper presents the reliability evaluation of the optimized cells under process and operating environment variations based on Monte Carlo analysis.The variations are modelled with Gaussian distribution of the device parameters and 10000 sweeps are conducted in the simulation to obtain the statistical properties of the worst-case delay and input-dependent leakage for each cell.For comparison,a set of non-optimal cells that adopt the same topology without employing the mixed biasing technique is also generated.Experimental results show that the optimized cells achieve standard deviation reduction of 39.1%and 30.7%at most in worst-case delay and inputdependent leakage respectively while the normalized deviation shrinking in worst-case delay and input-dependent leakage canbe up to 98.37%and 24.13%,respectively,which demonstrates that our optimized cells are less sensitive to variability and exhibit more reliability.展开更多
基金supported by the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606704)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-YBXM-151-4)Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an(2014JH-NYYB-0103)。
文摘Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61306040)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(No.2015CB057201)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4152020)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2015A030313147)
文摘With shrinking transistor feature size,the fin-type field-effect transistor（FinFET） has become the most promising option in low-power circuit design due to its superior capability to suppress leakage.To support the VLSI digital system flow based on logic synthesis,we have designed an optimized high-performance low-power FinFET standard cell library based on employing the mixed FBB/RBB technique in the existing stacked structure of each cell.This paper presents the reliability evaluation of the optimized cells under process and operating environment variations based on Monte Carlo analysis.The variations are modelled with Gaussian distribution of the device parameters and 10000 sweeps are conducted in the simulation to obtain the statistical properties of the worst-case delay and input-dependent leakage for each cell.For comparison,a set of non-optimal cells that adopt the same topology without employing the mixed biasing technique is also generated.Experimental results show that the optimized cells achieve standard deviation reduction of 39.1%and 30.7%at most in worst-case delay and inputdependent leakage respectively while the normalized deviation shrinking in worst-case delay and input-dependent leakage canbe up to 98.37%and 24.13%,respectively,which demonstrates that our optimized cells are less sensitive to variability and exhibit more reliability.
