Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors have attracted more and more attention due to their great potential applications in missile tracking, flame detecting, pollution monitoring, ozone layer monitoring, and so on. Owing to t...Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors have attracted more and more attention due to their great potential applications in missile tracking, flame detecting, pollution monitoring, ozone layer monitoring, and so on. Owing to the special characteristics of large bandgap, solution processable, low cost, environmentally friendly, etc., wide bandgap oxide semiconductor materials, such as ZnO, ZnMgO, Ga_2O_3, TiO_2, and Ni O, have gradually become a series of star materials in the field of semiconductor UV detection. In this paper, a review is presented on the development of UV photodetectors based on wide bandgap oxide semiconductor films.展开更多
Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 ye...Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 years in a 20-year period.Screening strategies included liquid-based cytology(LBC)every three years,human papillomavirus(HPV)DNA testing every three and five years,respectively,and a combination of HPV DNA testing and LBC(HPV+LBC)every three and five years,respectively.Model outcomes included cumulative incidence over 20 years,cumulative risk of cervical cancer,costs,life year saved(LYS),quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and benefits.The cost-effectiveness ratios(CERs),incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs),costutility ratios(CURs),and benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)were used as outcomes in the health economic evaluation analysis.Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the results.Results:The cumulative incidence of the five screening strategies ranged from 833.02 to 1,158.07 cases per100,000 females.HPV DNA testing was most effective in reducing the cumulative risk of cervical cancer,saving life years and QALYs and gaining benefits.The CERs of HPV DNA testing every three and five years,and LBC every three years were considered to be very cost-effective if they were below China's GDP per capita.The CERs of HPV+LBC were considered to be cost-effective if they were below three times GDP per capita.The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HPV DNA testing every three and five years,LBC every three years and HPV+LBC every five years were dominant strategies.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicated that HPV DNA testing every five years or LBC every three years should be recommended in urban China.展开更多
High-efficiency seawater electrolysis is impeded by the low activity and low durability of oxygen evolution catalysts due to the complex composition and competitive side reactions in seawater.Herein,a heterogeneousstr...High-efficiency seawater electrolysis is impeded by the low activity and low durability of oxygen evolution catalysts due to the complex composition and competitive side reactions in seawater.Herein,a heterogeneousstructured catalyst is constructed by depositing NiFe-layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDH)on the substrate of MXene(V_(2)CT_(x))modified Ni foam(NF),and abbreviated as NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF.As demonstrated,owing to the intrinsic negative charge characteristic of V_(2)CT_(x),chlorine ions are denied entry to the interface between NiFeLDH and V_(2)CT_(x)/NF substrate,thus endowing NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF catalyst with high corrosion resistance and durable stability for 110 h at 500 mA cm^(-2).Meanwhile,the two-dimensional structure and high electrical conductivity of V_(2)CT_(x) can respectively enlarge the electrochemical active surface area and guarantee fast charge transfer,thereby synergistically promoting the catalytic performance of NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF in both deionized water electrolyte(261 m V at 100 m A cm^(-2))and simulated seawater electrolyte(241 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2)).This work can guide the preparation of oxygen evolution catalysts and accelerate the industrialization of seawater electrolysis.展开更多
Artificial intelligence based approaches,in particular deep learning,have achieved state-of-the-art performance in medical fields with increasing number of software systems being approved by both Europe and United Sta...Artificial intelligence based approaches,in particular deep learning,have achieved state-of-the-art performance in medical fields with increasing number of software systems being approved by both Europe and United States.This paper reviews their applications to early detection of oesophageal cancers with a focus on their advantages and pitfalls.The paper concludes with future recommendations towards the development of a real-time,clinical implementable,interpretable and robust diagnosis support systems.展开更多
Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,and effective antiviral therapies are essential for long-term management.This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiven...Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,and effective antiviral therapies are essential for long-term management.This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide(TMF)in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:In this multicenter,prospective,real-world cohort study,194 CHB patients were recruited from four hospitals between August 2021 and August 2022.Patients were divided into treatment-naïve(TN,n=123)and treatment-experienced(TE,n=71)groups.The TN group was further subdivided into TMF(n=63)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF,n=60)subgroups.In the TE group,patients transitioned from prior antiviral therapies(entecavir or TDF)to TMF after meeting criteria for poor virological response or safety concerns.Treatment response was evaluated in terms of virological effectiveness and alanine transaminase normalization rates.Virological response(VR),ALT normalization rates,renal function markers,and lipid profiles were monitored.Results:In the TN cohort,VR rates at 24 and 48 weeks were 42.86%and 90.48%for TMF,and 60.00%and 83.33%for TDF.ALT normalization rates at 24 and 48 weeks for TMF were 56.82%and 70.45%(according to AASLD 2018 standards).In the TE group,VR rates at 24 and 48 weeks were 83.1%and 91.55%,respectively.ALT normalization rates were 86.67%and 93.33%(local standards),and 66.67%and 76.67%(AASLD 2018 standards)(z=-2.822,P=0.005).Additionally,TMF showed improved renal safety over TDF,with no significant differences in lipid concentrations.Conclusions:TMF is comparable to TDF in terms of CHB treatment effectiveness,with better renal safety and no impact on lipid levels.In TE patients,transitioning to TMF therapy does not affect antiviral treatment outcomes.展开更多
Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is considered one of the most promising strategies for reducing the use of fossil fuels and storing renewable electricity in hydrogen fuel.However,the anodic oxy...Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is considered one of the most promising strategies for reducing the use of fossil fuels and storing renewable electricity in hydrogen fuel.However,the anodic oxygen evolution process remains a bottleneck due to the remarkably high overpotential of about 300 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).The key to solving this dilemma is the development of highly efficient catalysts with minimized overpotential,long-term stability,and low cost.As a new 2D material,MXene has emerged as an intriguing material for future energy conversion technology due to its benefits,including superior conductivity,excellent hydrophilic properties,high surface area,versatile chemical composition,and ease of processing,which make it a potential constituent of the oxygen evolution catalyst layer.This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent development of oxygen evolution catalysts using MXene as a component,emphasizing the synthesis and synergistic effect of MXene-based composite catalysts.Based on the discussions summarized in this review,we also provide future research directions regarding electronic interaction,stability,and structural evolution of MXene-based oxygen evolution catalysts.We believe that a broader and deeper research in this area could accelerate the discovery of efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61475153 and 61605200)the Jilin Province Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leaders and Team Project,China(Grant No.20180519023JH)+1 种基金the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20180520173JH)
文摘Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors have attracted more and more attention due to their great potential applications in missile tracking, flame detecting, pollution monitoring, ozone layer monitoring, and so on. Owing to the special characteristics of large bandgap, solution processable, low cost, environmentally friendly, etc., wide bandgap oxide semiconductor materials, such as ZnO, ZnMgO, Ga_2O_3, TiO_2, and Ni O, have gradually become a series of star materials in the field of semiconductor UV detection. In this paper, a review is presented on the development of UV photodetectors based on wide bandgap oxide semiconductor films.
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (formerly the Health and Family Planning Commission) of China (No. 201502004)
文摘Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 years in a 20-year period.Screening strategies included liquid-based cytology(LBC)every three years,human papillomavirus(HPV)DNA testing every three and five years,respectively,and a combination of HPV DNA testing and LBC(HPV+LBC)every three and five years,respectively.Model outcomes included cumulative incidence over 20 years,cumulative risk of cervical cancer,costs,life year saved(LYS),quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and benefits.The cost-effectiveness ratios(CERs),incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs),costutility ratios(CURs),and benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)were used as outcomes in the health economic evaluation analysis.Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the results.Results:The cumulative incidence of the five screening strategies ranged from 833.02 to 1,158.07 cases per100,000 females.HPV DNA testing was most effective in reducing the cumulative risk of cervical cancer,saving life years and QALYs and gaining benefits.The CERs of HPV DNA testing every three and five years,and LBC every three years were considered to be very cost-effective if they were below China's GDP per capita.The CERs of HPV+LBC were considered to be cost-effective if they were below three times GDP per capita.The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HPV DNA testing every three and five years,LBC every three years and HPV+LBC every five years were dominant strategies.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicated that HPV DNA testing every five years or LBC every three years should be recommended in urban China.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52162027,52274297 and 52164028)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023SHFZ091)+4 种基金the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(project Nos.221RC540)Hainan Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(project Nos.2022-BH-25)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology(Hainan University)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)2008,23069,23073 and 23067)the specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202315)。
文摘High-efficiency seawater electrolysis is impeded by the low activity and low durability of oxygen evolution catalysts due to the complex composition and competitive side reactions in seawater.Herein,a heterogeneousstructured catalyst is constructed by depositing NiFe-layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDH)on the substrate of MXene(V_(2)CT_(x))modified Ni foam(NF),and abbreviated as NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF.As demonstrated,owing to the intrinsic negative charge characteristic of V_(2)CT_(x),chlorine ions are denied entry to the interface between NiFeLDH and V_(2)CT_(x)/NF substrate,thus endowing NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF catalyst with high corrosion resistance and durable stability for 110 h at 500 mA cm^(-2).Meanwhile,the two-dimensional structure and high electrical conductivity of V_(2)CT_(x) can respectively enlarge the electrochemical active surface area and guarantee fast charge transfer,thereby synergistically promoting the catalytic performance of NiFe-LDH/V_(2)CT_(x)/NF in both deionized water electrolyte(261 m V at 100 m A cm^(-2))and simulated seawater electrolyte(241 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2)).This work can guide the preparation of oxygen evolution catalysts and accelerate the industrialization of seawater electrolysis.
文摘Artificial intelligence based approaches,in particular deep learning,have achieved state-of-the-art performance in medical fields with increasing number of software systems being approved by both Europe and United States.This paper reviews their applications to early detection of oesophageal cancers with a focus on their advantages and pitfalls.The paper concludes with future recommendations towards the development of a real-time,clinical implementable,interpretable and robust diagnosis support systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308105).
文摘Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,and effective antiviral therapies are essential for long-term management.This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide(TMF)in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:In this multicenter,prospective,real-world cohort study,194 CHB patients were recruited from four hospitals between August 2021 and August 2022.Patients were divided into treatment-naïve(TN,n=123)and treatment-experienced(TE,n=71)groups.The TN group was further subdivided into TMF(n=63)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF,n=60)subgroups.In the TE group,patients transitioned from prior antiviral therapies(entecavir or TDF)to TMF after meeting criteria for poor virological response or safety concerns.Treatment response was evaluated in terms of virological effectiveness and alanine transaminase normalization rates.Virological response(VR),ALT normalization rates,renal function markers,and lipid profiles were monitored.Results:In the TN cohort,VR rates at 24 and 48 weeks were 42.86%and 90.48%for TMF,and 60.00%and 83.33%for TDF.ALT normalization rates at 24 and 48 weeks for TMF were 56.82%and 70.45%(according to AASLD 2018 standards).In the TE group,VR rates at 24 and 48 weeks were 83.1%and 91.55%,respectively.ALT normalization rates were 86.67%and 93.33%(local standards),and 66.67%and 76.67%(AASLD 2018 standards)(z=-2.822,P=0.005).Additionally,TMF showed improved renal safety over TDF,with no significant differences in lipid concentrations.Conclusions:TMF is comparable to TDF in terms of CHB treatment effectiveness,with better renal safety and no impact on lipid levels.In TE patients,transitioning to TMF therapy does not affect antiviral treatment outcomes.
基金Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University,Grant/Award Numbers:KYQD(ZR)-20008,KYQD(ZR)-20084,KYQD(ZR)-21170,KYQD(ZR)-23068Specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province,Grant/Award Number:YSPTZX202315National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22109035,52164028,52274297,52362031。
文摘Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is considered one of the most promising strategies for reducing the use of fossil fuels and storing renewable electricity in hydrogen fuel.However,the anodic oxygen evolution process remains a bottleneck due to the remarkably high overpotential of about 300 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).The key to solving this dilemma is the development of highly efficient catalysts with minimized overpotential,long-term stability,and low cost.As a new 2D material,MXene has emerged as an intriguing material for future energy conversion technology due to its benefits,including superior conductivity,excellent hydrophilic properties,high surface area,versatile chemical composition,and ease of processing,which make it a potential constituent of the oxygen evolution catalyst layer.This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent development of oxygen evolution catalysts using MXene as a component,emphasizing the synthesis and synergistic effect of MXene-based composite catalysts.Based on the discussions summarized in this review,we also provide future research directions regarding electronic interaction,stability,and structural evolution of MXene-based oxygen evolution catalysts.We believe that a broader and deeper research in this area could accelerate the discovery of efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution.
