Two-dimensional(2D)precursor molecules-based surface treatment on three-dimensional(3D)lead halide perovskite(PVSK)has achieved huge successes,the in-depth understanding of the modification mechanism remains an urgent...Two-dimensional(2D)precursor molecules-based surface treatment on three-dimensional(3D)lead halide perovskite(PVSK)has achieved huge successes,the in-depth understanding of the modification mechanism remains an urgent need.Here the effect of alkyl-chain length on the reaction dynamics between alkylammonium salts(XI)and 3D PVSK matrix is studied,through examination of surface morphological and crystallographic properties of the 3D PVSK matrix.It is observed that the average crystallite size of 3D PVSK increases as XI is either spin-coated on 3D PVSK or penetrated through carbon-electrode(during the“in-situ healing”process).Secondary growth is observed for 3D PVSK,which is related to ion-exchanging reactions.Prolonging alkyl-chain length favors the secondary growth.Besides,the formation dynamics of 2D PVSK are studied.Adding alkyl-chain length increases the yields.The observations are thoroughly discussed with respect to the steric-hindrance effect held by alky-chains of XI molecule.The improved crystallization of 3D PVSK and increased yields of 2D PVSK help accelerate charge extraction and reduce recombination across the interface between PVSK and carbon-electrode(CE).Tuning alkyl-chain length of XI molecules,and the mass ratio between XI molecules and carbon black could mitigate the“in-situ healing”effect.Power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the carbonelectrode-based hole-conductor-free planar perovskite solar cells has been upgraded from 14% to 17%,and further upgraded to 20.4% by utilizing relatively thick CEs.Thanks to the hydrophobicity of long alkyl-chains owned by XI molecules,prolonged stability has been achieved on unsealed devices at the high-moisture environment(RH≈85%),meanwhile,shelf-stability up to 6400 h has been achieved.This study deepens the understanding of the 2D precursor-basing modification strategies.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of cinobufagin (CBF),an active component of toad venom (Bufo bufo gargarizans CANTOR),on the proliferation and apoptosis of PC3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and preliminarily i...Objective:To explore the effects of cinobufagin (CBF),an active component of toad venom (Bufo bufo gargarizans CANTOR),on the proliferation and apoptosis of PC3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and preliminarily investigate the mechanism of CBF in suppressing tumor cell growth in vivo.Methods:The effect of CBF on PC3 cells proliferation was detected using MTT assay.The morphological changes of PC3 cells were observed under an optical microscope.Colony formation assays were used to observe the CBF effect on colony formation by PC3 cells.PC3 cell apoptosis after treatment with CBF for 48 hours was monitored using flow cytometry.Furthermore,the effect of CBF on the expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) and related apoptotic proteins was examined using western blotting.A xenograft model was established in BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the effect of CBF on prostate cancer in vivo.Results:The MT-T assay results illustrated that PC3 cell proliferation was inhibited in vitro by CBF in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.Compared with the control group findings,CBF significantly inhibited the formation of PC3 cells (P =.005).Flow cytometry revealed that after treatment with 50 nM CBF for 48 hours,the apoptotic rate of PC3 cells was 41.97 (5.16)%,indicating that CBF could significantly induce its apoptosis (P =.003).In addition,optical and fluorescence microscopy uncovered remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation accompanied by morphologic changes.The western blotting result indicated that CBF obviously downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1.Most importantly,ClBF reduced the carcinogenicity of PC3 xenografts in nude mice.Conclusion:CBF can inhibit the growth of PC3 cells both in vitro and in vivo and induce apoptosis of tumor cells.The corresponding mechanism may be correlated with the activation of caspase family proteins via MCL-1.展开更多
Background:Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide.Diabetic cataract(DC),a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus,is characterized by its high occurrence,rapid progression,and severe imp...Background:Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide.Diabetic cataract(DC),a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus,is characterized by its high occurrence,rapid progression,and severe impact.The prevalence of diabetes varies greatly between the northern and southern regions,with higher rates observed among northern residents.DC-induced lens opacity is mainly attributed to oxidative stress.However,it remains unclear whether ferroptosis,a form of regulated cell death,occurs in crystalline epithelial cells during the pathogenesis,which may represent a novel mechanism contributing to DC.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy,quantitative assays for iron levels and reactive oxygen species(ROS),real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),western blotting,immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect ferroptosis.Gene editing techniques were utilized to study the regulatory relationships among lipocalin 2(LCN2),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),and ferritin heavy chain(FTH).Local knockdown of the LCN2 gene in B-3 cells and the eyes of Sprague Dawley(SD)rats was performed to verify and further explore the role and regulatory mechanisms of LCN2 in DC-associated ferroptosis.Results:An in vitro model using high glucose levels and an in vivo model with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in SD rats were successfully established.Ferroptosis was observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.LCN2 protein was normally expressed in human and rat lens epithelial cells,but its expression significantly increased during ferroptosis.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)effectively inhibited ferroptosis and reduced LCN2 protein expression.Notably,local knockdown of LCN2 via gene editing protected lens epithelial cells from ferroptosis in vitro and slowed the progression of DC in SD rats in vivo.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the significant role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of DC,suggesting that selectively targeting LCN2 activation and enhancing ferroptosis resistance may offer a novel therapeutic approach for treating DC.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by movement disorders.The hallmark pathological lesions of PD are the formation of Lewy pathology in selected populations of neur...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by movement disorders.The hallmark pathological lesions of PD are the formation of Lewy pathology in selected populations of neurons throughout the nervous system.Braak and his colleagues created a staging system for PD describing the connection between Lewy pathology and disease severity.They proposed that Lewy pathology might be initially triggered by exogenous pathogens targeting the enteric or olfactory nervous system,then spread in a prion-like propagation manner from the peripheral nerves to the lower brainstem and midbrain,before finally reaching higher cortical structures,causing a sequential occurrence of the non-motor and motor symptoms,depending on the lesioned neurons.However,emerging evidence also supports a functional threshold hypothesis proposed by Engelender and Isacson in which Lewy pathology may occur parallelly in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the symptoms only begin when the functional reserve of the affected neurons(and their connecting brain regions)is unable to allow for network compensation.Consequently,early symptoms of PD reflect the loss of function in the least compensated systems,such as the enteric and olfactory nervous systems,rather than the spread of Lewy pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous systems.The current review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence supporting a merged mechanism that the neurodegeneration in PD happens to those neurons that are not only intrinsically vulnerable but also affected by the spread of Lewy pathology.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid or formate represents one of the most economically promising route for CO_(2)utilization.While substantial advances in catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering...The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid or formate represents one of the most economically promising route for CO_(2)utilization.While substantial advances in catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering have been achieved in recent years,critical uncertainties remain regarding the reaction pathway and the often-debated role of alkali metal cations.Resolving these discrepancies requires precise kinetic analysis under well-defined conditions.In this work,we systematically investigate the kinetics of CO_(2)reduction to formic acid or formate across a wide pH range,enabled by two key developments:the identification of BiPO_(4)as a stable precatalyst under acidic conditions through comprehensive screening,and the implementation of sensitive ion chromatography for accurate product quantification,even at low current density where conventional methods struggle.Our electrokinetic data suggest that the reaction proceeds via sequential electron and proton transfers rather than proton-coupled electron transfer as proposed by many computational simulations.Notably,the rate-determining step transitions from the proton transfer step at low overpotential to the first electron transfer step at high overpotential,with the proton source dependent on electrolyte pH.Furthermore,through K+reaction order analysis and crown ether chelation experiments,we demonstrate that the alkali cations are not merely spectators but actively participate in the reaction,likely by stabilizing negatively charged intermediates via electrostatic interactions.展开更多
Carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))holds great promise for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production from oxygen reduction.In spite of great research efforts,they still suffer from low catalytic efficiency primarily limited by the f...Carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))holds great promise for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production from oxygen reduction.In spite of great research efforts,they still suffer from low catalytic efficiency primarily limited by the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.In this work,we report the multiscale structural engineering of C_(3)N_(4)to significantly improve its optoelectronic properties and consequently photocatalytic performance.The product consists of porous spheres with high surface areas,abundant nitrogen defects,and alkali metal doping.Under visible light irradiation,our catalyst shows a remarkable H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 3,080μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),which is more than 10 times higher than that of bulk C_(3)N_(4)and exceeds those of most other C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts.Moreover,the catalyst exhibits great stability,and can continuously work for 15 h without obvious activity decay under visible light irradiation,eventually giving rise to a high H_(2)O_(2)concentration of ca.45 mM.展开更多
In multiple attribute group decision making （MAGDM） problems based on linguistic information, the granularities of linguistic label sets are usually different due to the differences of thinking modes and habits amon...In multiple attribute group decision making （MAGDM） problems based on linguistic information, the granularities of linguistic label sets are usually different due to the differences of thinking modes and habits among decision makers. In order to deal with this inconvenience, the transformation relationships among multigranular linguistic labels （TRMLLs）, which are applied to unify linguistic labels with different granularities into a certain linguistic label set with fixed granularity, are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the reference tables are made according to TRMLLs so that the interrelated calculation will be less complicated, and the method of how to use them is explained in detail. At length, the TRMLLs are illustrated through an application example.展开更多
In the context of personalized learning,the recommendation method aims to provide appropriate exercises for each student.And individualized knowledge status may give more effective recommendation.In this study,a prior...In the context of personalized learning,the recommendation method aims to provide appropriate exercises for each student.And individualized knowledge status may give more effective recommendation.In this study,a priority recommendation method based on cognitive diagnosis model is proposed,and cosine similarity algorithm is applied to improve the accuracy and interpretability of recommendation.Then the performance of the methods was compared under cognitive diagnosis models.The experimental results show that the method proposed achieves more accurate results and better performance.展开更多
It is not usually independent among criteria in multi-criteria decision making （MCDM）, and various dependences of criteria greatly influence the results of decision making. If an exact decision is desired, we must m...It is not usually independent among criteria in multi-criteria decision making （MCDM）, and various dependences of criteria greatly influence the results of decision making. If an exact decision is desired, we must make clear the role of the dependences of criteria. Prioritizations, a new kind of dependences of criteria proposed recently, imply that the importance weights of criteria with lower priority for an alternative rely on whether the alternative satisfies the decision maker under criteria with higher priority. It has been validated that there exist lots of relevant applications in our daily activities. However, most existing literatures focus on how to deal with the problems of MCDM with ordered prioritizations among criteria （a special form of prioritizations）. The characteristics of prioritizations are not dug deep. This paper constructs a new form of prioritizations, called paired prioritizations, so as to reduce or even avoid imperfect rationality of decision makers hidden in the ordered prioritizations. We first represent binary paired prioritizations as a digraph, based on which we discover two kinds of imperfect rationality （inconsistency and incompleteness） produced in the period that the decision maker supplies the binary paired prioritizations. After the given paired prioritizations are consistent and complete, we develop an approach to transform the paired prioritizations to ordered prioritizations. The latter can be used to handle prioritized MCDM problems. Moreover, uncertainty, another kind of imperfect rationality, is considered when the decision maker provides the fuzzy paired prioritizations based on a set of linguistic labels. We construct a fuzzy digraph whose fuzzy relations are just the fuzzy paired prioritizations. The ordered prioritizations can then be derived with the aid of the fuzzy digraph. Two use cases are taken to show the process of transformations from binary/fuzzy paired prioritizations to ordered prioritizations.展开更多
“Lotus effect”glass surfaces with fluorinated ethylene propylene were successfully fabricated by using a femtosecond laser-induced backward transfer(LIBT)method.By space-selectively modifying both the surface morpho...“Lotus effect”glass surfaces with fluorinated ethylene propylene were successfully fabricated by using a femtosecond laser-induced backward transfer(LIBT)method.By space-selectively modifying both the surface morphology and surface chemistry in a single step,LIBT provides a convenient and flexible route to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with ultralow adhesion.A systematic mechanism responsible for the anisotropic wetting behaviors and adhesion modulation was proposed with a combination of the Cassie and Wenzel models.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that oxidation and defluorination were induced by laser radiation.LIBT is proved to be a promising method for programmable manipulations of functional surfaces with diverse wettability.展开更多
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.62374185)the Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(No.22A0005)the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central South University(No.2024ZZTS0478)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)precursor molecules-based surface treatment on three-dimensional(3D)lead halide perovskite(PVSK)has achieved huge successes,the in-depth understanding of the modification mechanism remains an urgent need.Here the effect of alkyl-chain length on the reaction dynamics between alkylammonium salts(XI)and 3D PVSK matrix is studied,through examination of surface morphological and crystallographic properties of the 3D PVSK matrix.It is observed that the average crystallite size of 3D PVSK increases as XI is either spin-coated on 3D PVSK or penetrated through carbon-electrode(during the“in-situ healing”process).Secondary growth is observed for 3D PVSK,which is related to ion-exchanging reactions.Prolonging alkyl-chain length favors the secondary growth.Besides,the formation dynamics of 2D PVSK are studied.Adding alkyl-chain length increases the yields.The observations are thoroughly discussed with respect to the steric-hindrance effect held by alky-chains of XI molecule.The improved crystallization of 3D PVSK and increased yields of 2D PVSK help accelerate charge extraction and reduce recombination across the interface between PVSK and carbon-electrode(CE).Tuning alkyl-chain length of XI molecules,and the mass ratio between XI molecules and carbon black could mitigate the“in-situ healing”effect.Power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the carbonelectrode-based hole-conductor-free planar perovskite solar cells has been upgraded from 14% to 17%,and further upgraded to 20.4% by utilizing relatively thick CEs.Thanks to the hydrophobicity of long alkyl-chains owned by XI molecules,prolonged stability has been achieved on unsealed devices at the high-moisture environment(RH≈85%),meanwhile,shelf-stability up to 6400 h has been achieved.This study deepens the understanding of the 2D precursor-basing modification strategies.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81260540).
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of cinobufagin (CBF),an active component of toad venom (Bufo bufo gargarizans CANTOR),on the proliferation and apoptosis of PC3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and preliminarily investigate the mechanism of CBF in suppressing tumor cell growth in vivo.Methods:The effect of CBF on PC3 cells proliferation was detected using MTT assay.The morphological changes of PC3 cells were observed under an optical microscope.Colony formation assays were used to observe the CBF effect on colony formation by PC3 cells.PC3 cell apoptosis after treatment with CBF for 48 hours was monitored using flow cytometry.Furthermore,the effect of CBF on the expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) and related apoptotic proteins was examined using western blotting.A xenograft model was established in BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the effect of CBF on prostate cancer in vivo.Results:The MT-T assay results illustrated that PC3 cell proliferation was inhibited in vitro by CBF in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.Compared with the control group findings,CBF significantly inhibited the formation of PC3 cells (P =.005).Flow cytometry revealed that after treatment with 50 nM CBF for 48 hours,the apoptotic rate of PC3 cells was 41.97 (5.16)%,indicating that CBF could significantly induce its apoptosis (P =.003).In addition,optical and fluorescence microscopy uncovered remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation accompanied by morphologic changes.The western blotting result indicated that CBF obviously downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1.Most importantly,ClBF reduced the carcinogenicity of PC3 xenografts in nude mice.Conclusion:CBF can inhibit the growth of PC3 cells both in vitro and in vivo and induce apoptosis of tumor cells.The corresponding mechanism may be correlated with the activation of caspase family proteins via MCL-1.
基金approved by the Institutional Review Board(or Ethics Committee)of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(IACUC:2022020 and date of approval:April 8,2022).
文摘Background:Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide.Diabetic cataract(DC),a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus,is characterized by its high occurrence,rapid progression,and severe impact.The prevalence of diabetes varies greatly between the northern and southern regions,with higher rates observed among northern residents.DC-induced lens opacity is mainly attributed to oxidative stress.However,it remains unclear whether ferroptosis,a form of regulated cell death,occurs in crystalline epithelial cells during the pathogenesis,which may represent a novel mechanism contributing to DC.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy,quantitative assays for iron levels and reactive oxygen species(ROS),real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),western blotting,immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect ferroptosis.Gene editing techniques were utilized to study the regulatory relationships among lipocalin 2(LCN2),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),and ferritin heavy chain(FTH).Local knockdown of the LCN2 gene in B-3 cells and the eyes of Sprague Dawley(SD)rats was performed to verify and further explore the role and regulatory mechanisms of LCN2 in DC-associated ferroptosis.Results:An in vitro model using high glucose levels and an in vivo model with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in SD rats were successfully established.Ferroptosis was observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.LCN2 protein was normally expressed in human and rat lens epithelial cells,but its expression significantly increased during ferroptosis.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)effectively inhibited ferroptosis and reduced LCN2 protein expression.Notably,local knockdown of LCN2 via gene editing protected lens epithelial cells from ferroptosis in vitro and slowed the progression of DC in SD rats in vivo.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the significant role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of DC,suggesting that selectively targeting LCN2 activation and enhancing ferroptosis resistance may offer a novel therapeutic approach for treating DC.
基金the authors were supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China(81671244,81371200,and 81401042)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z161100005116011,Z171100000117013)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(PXM2017_026283_000002)Beijing Nova Program(Z181100006218052,xx2018096)to Yang WW.
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by movement disorders.The hallmark pathological lesions of PD are the formation of Lewy pathology in selected populations of neurons throughout the nervous system.Braak and his colleagues created a staging system for PD describing the connection between Lewy pathology and disease severity.They proposed that Lewy pathology might be initially triggered by exogenous pathogens targeting the enteric or olfactory nervous system,then spread in a prion-like propagation manner from the peripheral nerves to the lower brainstem and midbrain,before finally reaching higher cortical structures,causing a sequential occurrence of the non-motor and motor symptoms,depending on the lesioned neurons.However,emerging evidence also supports a functional threshold hypothesis proposed by Engelender and Isacson in which Lewy pathology may occur parallelly in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the symptoms only begin when the functional reserve of the affected neurons(and their connecting brain regions)is unable to allow for network compensation.Consequently,early symptoms of PD reflect the loss of function in the least compensated systems,such as the enteric and olfactory nervous systems,rather than the spread of Lewy pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous systems.The current review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence supporting a merged mechanism that the neurodegeneration in PD happens to those neurons that are not only intrinsically vulnerable but also affected by the spread of Lewy pathology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52425209,52161160331,and 22309126)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(GZC20231878)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB543)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology。
文摘The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid or formate represents one of the most economically promising route for CO_(2)utilization.While substantial advances in catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering have been achieved in recent years,critical uncertainties remain regarding the reaction pathway and the often-debated role of alkali metal cations.Resolving these discrepancies requires precise kinetic analysis under well-defined conditions.In this work,we systematically investigate the kinetics of CO_(2)reduction to formic acid or formate across a wide pH range,enabled by two key developments:the identification of BiPO_(4)as a stable precatalyst under acidic conditions through comprehensive screening,and the implementation of sensitive ion chromatography for accurate product quantification,even at low current density where conventional methods struggle.Our electrokinetic data suggest that the reaction proceeds via sequential electron and proton transfers rather than proton-coupled electron transfer as proposed by many computational simulations.Notably,the rate-determining step transitions from the proton transfer step at low overpotential to the first electron transfer step at high overpotential,with the proton source dependent on electrolyte pH.Furthermore,through K+reaction order analysis and crown ether chelation experiments,we demonstrate that the alkali cations are not merely spectators but actively participate in the reaction,likely by stabilizing negatively charged intermediates via electrostatic interactions.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0204800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22002100)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and the 111 Project and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices.
文摘Carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))holds great promise for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production from oxygen reduction.In spite of great research efforts,they still suffer from low catalytic efficiency primarily limited by the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.In this work,we report the multiscale structural engineering of C_(3)N_(4)to significantly improve its optoelectronic properties and consequently photocatalytic performance.The product consists of porous spheres with high surface areas,abundant nitrogen defects,and alkali metal doping.Under visible light irradiation,our catalyst shows a remarkable H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 3,080μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),which is more than 10 times higher than that of bulk C_(3)N_(4)and exceeds those of most other C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysts.Moreover,the catalyst exhibits great stability,and can continuously work for 15 h without obvious activity decay under visible light irradiation,eventually giving rise to a high H_(2)O_(2)concentration of ca.45 mM.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No.70625005)
文摘In multiple attribute group decision making （MAGDM） problems based on linguistic information, the granularities of linguistic label sets are usually different due to the differences of thinking modes and habits among decision makers. In order to deal with this inconvenience, the transformation relationships among multigranular linguistic labels （TRMLLs）, which are applied to unify linguistic labels with different granularities into a certain linguistic label set with fixed granularity, are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the reference tables are made according to TRMLLs so that the interrelated calculation will be less complicated, and the method of how to use them is explained in detail. At length, the TRMLLs are illustrated through an application example.
基金grants from the National Education Scientific Planning Projects(Research on learning paradigms in Adaptive Learning Space)(No.BCA190081).
文摘In the context of personalized learning,the recommendation method aims to provide appropriate exercises for each student.And individualized knowledge status may give more effective recommendation.In this study,a priority recommendation method based on cognitive diagnosis model is proposed,and cosine similarity algorithm is applied to improve the accuracy and interpretability of recommendation.Then the performance of the methods was compared under cognitive diagnosis models.The experimental results show that the method proposed achieves more accurate results and better performance.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.71501186)
文摘It is not usually independent among criteria in multi-criteria decision making （MCDM）, and various dependences of criteria greatly influence the results of decision making. If an exact decision is desired, we must make clear the role of the dependences of criteria. Prioritizations, a new kind of dependences of criteria proposed recently, imply that the importance weights of criteria with lower priority for an alternative rely on whether the alternative satisfies the decision maker under criteria with higher priority. It has been validated that there exist lots of relevant applications in our daily activities. However, most existing literatures focus on how to deal with the problems of MCDM with ordered prioritizations among criteria （a special form of prioritizations）. The characteristics of prioritizations are not dug deep. This paper constructs a new form of prioritizations, called paired prioritizations, so as to reduce or even avoid imperfect rationality of decision makers hidden in the ordered prioritizations. We first represent binary paired prioritizations as a digraph, based on which we discover two kinds of imperfect rationality （inconsistency and incompleteness） produced in the period that the decision maker supplies the binary paired prioritizations. After the given paired prioritizations are consistent and complete, we develop an approach to transform the paired prioritizations to ordered prioritizations. The latter can be used to handle prioritized MCDM problems. Moreover, uncertainty, another kind of imperfect rationality, is considered when the decision maker provides the fuzzy paired prioritizations based on a set of linguistic labels. We construct a fuzzy digraph whose fuzzy relations are just the fuzzy paired prioritizations. The ordered prioritizations can then be derived with the aid of the fuzzy digraph. Two use cases are taken to show the process of transformations from binary/fuzzy paired prioritizations to ordered prioritizations.
基金supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1455200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.12104470).
文摘“Lotus effect”glass surfaces with fluorinated ethylene propylene were successfully fabricated by using a femtosecond laser-induced backward transfer(LIBT)method.By space-selectively modifying both the surface morphology and surface chemistry in a single step,LIBT provides a convenient and flexible route to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with ultralow adhesion.A systematic mechanism responsible for the anisotropic wetting behaviors and adhesion modulation was proposed with a combination of the Cassie and Wenzel models.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that oxidation and defluorination were induced by laser radiation.LIBT is proved to be a promising method for programmable manipulations of functional surfaces with diverse wettability.
