Research was conducted on topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) grown in ponds and lakes as well as wild types in order to determine their chemical composition and nutritional value. There are three types of fish that dif...Research was conducted on topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) grown in ponds and lakes as well as wild types in order to determine their chemical composition and nutritional value. There are three types of fish that differ in their proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Wild fish had a significantly lower crude lipid contents than cultured fish (P P ∑PUFAs) showed an obviously opposite trend. As compared with cultured fish, wild fish had significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahxaenoic acid (DHA) (P P > 0.05), except for Na, Fe and Se. In conclusion, diet composition and external aqueous environment may determine the differences between wild and cultured topmouth culter.展开更多
In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composi...In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.展开更多
Two novel sugar-conjugated 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC)antineoplastic compounds were designed and synthesized to improve the selective drug uptake by targeting the tumor-specific glucose transporter(GLUT).The antitumor acti...Two novel sugar-conjugated 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC)antineoplastic compounds were designed and synthesized to improve the selective drug uptake by targeting the tumor-specific glucose transporter(GLUT).The antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated in four different human cancer cell lines:A549(human lung cancer cell line),HT29(human colorectal cancer cell line),H460(human lung cancer cell line),and PC3(human prostate cancer cell line).The sugar conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity similar to or higher than 5-FC and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-FC in A549,HT29,H460,and PC3.Furthermore,GLUT-mediated transport of the glycoconjugate was investigated with GLUT inhibitor-mediated cytotoxicity analysis in a GLUT-overexpressing HT29 cell line.The cell-killing potency of 5-FC glycoconjugate was found to depend significantly on the GLUT inhibitor,and the cellular uptake of molecules was regulated by GLUT-mediated transport.All the results demonstrate the potential advantages of glycoconjugation for Warburg effect-targeted drug design.展开更多
Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate ...Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate the senescence of NPCs remain unknown.In this study,we observed impaired autophagy in IVDD-NPCs,which contributed to the upregulation of NPCs senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).The dysregulated SASP disrupted NPCs viability and initiated extracellular matrix degradation.Conversely,the restoration of autophagy reversed the senescence phenotype by inhibiting GATA binding protein 4(GATA4).Moreover,we made the novel observation that a cross-talk between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation(H3K4me3)modification and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylated modification regulates autophagy in IVDD-NPCs.Mechanistically,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)promoted the expression of methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3)through H3K4me3 modification,whereas METTL3-mediated m6A modification reduced the expression of autophagy-associated 4a(ATG4a)by attenuating its RNA stability,leading to autophagy damage in NPCs.Silencing KMT2A and METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and suppressed SASP expression in IVDD-NPCs.Therefore,targeting the H3K4me3-regulated METTL3/ATG4a/GATA4 axis may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for IVDD.展开更多
To fight against invasion by pathogens,plants have evolved an elaborate innate immune system,of which the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor(NLR)acts as the sensor and immune executor.Po...To fight against invasion by pathogens,plants have evolved an elaborate innate immune system,of which the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor(NLR)acts as the sensor and immune executor.Potyviruses,comprising one of the largest genera of plant viruses,cause severe crop yield losses worldwide.Inherited crop resistance to potyviruses can be used in breeding and plant transgenesis to control disease development.This review summarizes achievements in mapping and cloning NLR genes conferring dominant resistance against potyvirus in the families Fabaceae,Solanaceae,Brassicaceae,and Cucurbitaceae.It compares mechanisms of potyviral protein recognition and downstream signaling employed by NLRs and discusses strategies for exploiting NLRs to better control diseases caused by potyviruses.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general...[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.展开更多
NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1(NPR1),the receptor for salicylic acid(SA),plays a central role in the SA-mediated basal antiviral responses.Recent studies have shown that two different plant RNA viruses e...NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1(NPR1),the receptor for salicylic acid(SA),plays a central role in the SA-mediated basal antiviral responses.Recent studies have shown that two different plant RNA viruses encode proteins that suppress such antiviral responses by inhibiting its SUMOylation and inducing its degradation,respectively.However,it is unclear whether targeting NPR1 is a general phenomenon in viruses and whether viruses have novel strategies to inhibit NPR1.In the present study,we report that two different positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)viruses,namely,alfalfa mosaic virus(AMV)and potato virus X(PVX);one negative-sense singlestranded RNA(-ssRNA)virus(calla lily chlorotic spot virus,CCSV);and one single-stranded DNA virus(beet severe curly-top virus,BSCTV)that also encode one or more proteins that interact with NPR1.In addition,we found that the AMV-encoded coat protein(CP)can induce NPR1 degradation by recruiting S-phase kinase-associated protein 1(Skp1),a key component of the Skp1/cullin1/F-box(SCF)E3 ligase.In contrast,the BSCTV-encoded V2 protein inhibits NPR1 function,probably by affecting its nucleocytoplasmic distribution via the nuclear export factor ALY.Taken together,these data suggest that NPR1 is one of the central hubs in the molecular arms race between plants and viruses and that different viruses have independently evolved different strategies to target NPR1 and disrupt its function.展开更多
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery...DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery.In this study,the change of DNA methylation in turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)-infected cells was analyzed by whole genome bisulfite sequencing.Results showed that the total number of methylated sites of CHH and CHG increased in TuMV-infected cells,the majority of differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in the CHH and CHG contexts were associated with hypermethylation.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of two methylases(DRM2 and CMT3)and three demethylases(ROS3,DML2,DML3)was significantly increased and decreased in TuMV-infected cells,respec-tively.Pathogenicity tests showed that the enhanced resistance to TuMV of the loss-of-function mutant of DRM2 is associated with unregulated expression of several defense-related genes.Finally,we found TuMV-encoded NIb,the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,was able to induce the expression of DRM2.In conclusion,this study discov-ered that TuMV can modulate host DNA methylation by regulating the expression of DRM2 to promote virus infection.展开更多
Brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is a rare occurrence with poor prognosis and limited treatment options.This case report presents a unique and previously unreported case of brain metastasis in a patient with dMMR...Brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is a rare occurrence with poor prognosis and limited treatment options.This case report presents a unique and previously unreported case of brain metastasis in a patient with dMMR(DNA mismatch repair-deficient)colorectal cancer.The patient,a 70-year-old male,initially presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right colon.Following surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy,the patient developed cognitive decline and was found to have a metastatic lesion in the left temporal lobe.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed MSH2 positivity and MSH6,MLH1,and PMS2 negativity,indicating dMMR status.Further genetic testing showed wild-type Kras,Nras,and Braf,and high tumor mutational burden(TMB).The patient was subsequently treated with pembrolizumab immunotherapy,resulting in a significant improvement of symptoms and a reduction in the size of brain metastasis.This case highlights the rarity and challenging management of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer,particularly in the context of dMMR tumors.The successful use of immunotherapy in this case provides valuable insights into the potential efficacy of immune-based treatments for dMMR colorectal cancer with brain metastasis,underscoring the need for further research in this field.展开更多
文摘Research was conducted on topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) grown in ponds and lakes as well as wild types in order to determine their chemical composition and nutritional value. There are three types of fish that differ in their proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Wild fish had a significantly lower crude lipid contents than cultured fish (P P ∑PUFAs) showed an obviously opposite trend. As compared with cultured fish, wild fish had significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahxaenoic acid (DHA) (P P > 0.05), except for Na, Fe and Se. In conclusion, diet composition and external aqueous environment may determine the differences between wild and cultured topmouth culter.
基金Major Science and Technology Special Project in Hunan(2017NK1030)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-48)。
文摘In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21772144 and No. 21801184)Tianjin Municipal Applied Basic and Key Research Scheme, China (No. 18JCQNIC06400)
文摘Two novel sugar-conjugated 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC)antineoplastic compounds were designed and synthesized to improve the selective drug uptake by targeting the tumor-specific glucose transporter(GLUT).The antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated in four different human cancer cell lines:A549(human lung cancer cell line),HT29(human colorectal cancer cell line),H460(human lung cancer cell line),and PC3(human prostate cancer cell line).The sugar conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity similar to or higher than 5-FC and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-FC in A549,HT29,H460,and PC3.Furthermore,GLUT-mediated transport of the glycoconjugate was investigated with GLUT inhibitor-mediated cytotoxicity analysis in a GLUT-overexpressing HT29 cell line.The cell-killing potency of 5-FC glycoconjugate was found to depend significantly on the GLUT inhibitor,and the cellular uptake of molecules was regulated by GLUT-mediated transport.All the results demonstrate the potential advantages of glycoconjugation for Warburg effect-targeted drug design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272555,82272522,82422044,82101647)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LGF21H060010,LR22H060001,LY23H060011)+1 种基金Wenzhou Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (ZY2022010)Zhejiang Provincial Medical Technology Foundation of China (2022PY071)。
文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate the senescence of NPCs remain unknown.In this study,we observed impaired autophagy in IVDD-NPCs,which contributed to the upregulation of NPCs senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).The dysregulated SASP disrupted NPCs viability and initiated extracellular matrix degradation.Conversely,the restoration of autophagy reversed the senescence phenotype by inhibiting GATA binding protein 4(GATA4).Moreover,we made the novel observation that a cross-talk between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation(H3K4me3)modification and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylated modification regulates autophagy in IVDD-NPCs.Mechanistically,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)promoted the expression of methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3)through H3K4me3 modification,whereas METTL3-mediated m6A modification reduced the expression of autophagy-associated 4a(ATG4a)by attenuating its RNA stability,leading to autophagy damage in NPCs.Silencing KMT2A and METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and suppressed SASP expression in IVDD-NPCs.Therefore,targeting the H3K4me3-regulated METTL3/ATG4a/GATA4 axis may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770164)Jiangsu Province’s Innovation Program(JSSCTD202142).
文摘To fight against invasion by pathogens,plants have evolved an elaborate innate immune system,of which the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor(NLR)acts as the sensor and immune executor.Potyviruses,comprising one of the largest genera of plant viruses,cause severe crop yield losses worldwide.Inherited crop resistance to potyviruses can be used in breeding and plant transgenesis to control disease development.This review summarizes achievements in mapping and cloning NLR genes conferring dominant resistance against potyvirus in the families Fabaceae,Solanaceae,Brassicaceae,and Cucurbitaceae.It compares mechanisms of potyviral protein recognition and downstream signaling employed by NLRs and discusses strategies for exploiting NLRs to better control diseases caused by potyviruses.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-45)Science and Technology Major Project of Hunan Province(2017NK1030).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022071)the Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030(2023ZD04036-4)+1 种基金the Basic Research Support Programme for Outstanding Young Teachers of Heilongjiang Provincial Universities(YQJH2023186)the Leading Talents Supporting Program of the Northeast Agricultural University(NEAU2023QNLJ-010)。
文摘NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1(NPR1),the receptor for salicylic acid(SA),plays a central role in the SA-mediated basal antiviral responses.Recent studies have shown that two different plant RNA viruses encode proteins that suppress such antiviral responses by inhibiting its SUMOylation and inducing its degradation,respectively.However,it is unclear whether targeting NPR1 is a general phenomenon in viruses and whether viruses have novel strategies to inhibit NPR1.In the present study,we report that two different positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)viruses,namely,alfalfa mosaic virus(AMV)and potato virus X(PVX);one negative-sense singlestranded RNA(-ssRNA)virus(calla lily chlorotic spot virus,CCSV);and one single-stranded DNA virus(beet severe curly-top virus,BSCTV)that also encode one or more proteins that interact with NPR1.In addition,we found that the AMV-encoded coat protein(CP)can induce NPR1 degradation by recruiting S-phase kinase-associated protein 1(Skp1),a key component of the Skp1/cullin1/F-box(SCF)E3 ligase.In contrast,the BSCTV-encoded V2 protein inhibits NPR1 function,probably by affecting its nucleocytoplasmic distribution via the nuclear export factor ALY.Taken together,these data suggest that NPR1 is one of the central hubs in the molecular arms race between plants and viruses and that different viruses have independently evolved different strategies to target NPR1 and disrupt its function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022071,31860491)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2019C027)+1 种基金the Academic Backbone Projects of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG04)the project of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202002010-JY-13).
文摘DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery.In this study,the change of DNA methylation in turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)-infected cells was analyzed by whole genome bisulfite sequencing.Results showed that the total number of methylated sites of CHH and CHG increased in TuMV-infected cells,the majority of differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in the CHH and CHG contexts were associated with hypermethylation.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of two methylases(DRM2 and CMT3)and three demethylases(ROS3,DML2,DML3)was significantly increased and decreased in TuMV-infected cells,respec-tively.Pathogenicity tests showed that the enhanced resistance to TuMV of the loss-of-function mutant of DRM2 is associated with unregulated expression of several defense-related genes.Finally,we found TuMV-encoded NIb,the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,was able to induce the expression of DRM2.In conclusion,this study discov-ered that TuMV can modulate host DNA methylation by regulating the expression of DRM2 to promote virus infection.
文摘Brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is a rare occurrence with poor prognosis and limited treatment options.This case report presents a unique and previously unreported case of brain metastasis in a patient with dMMR(DNA mismatch repair-deficient)colorectal cancer.The patient,a 70-year-old male,initially presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right colon.Following surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy,the patient developed cognitive decline and was found to have a metastatic lesion in the left temporal lobe.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed MSH2 positivity and MSH6,MLH1,and PMS2 negativity,indicating dMMR status.Further genetic testing showed wild-type Kras,Nras,and Braf,and high tumor mutational burden(TMB).The patient was subsequently treated with pembrolizumab immunotherapy,resulting in a significant improvement of symptoms and a reduction in the size of brain metastasis.This case highlights the rarity and challenging management of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer,particularly in the context of dMMR tumors.The successful use of immunotherapy in this case provides valuable insights into the potential efficacy of immune-based treatments for dMMR colorectal cancer with brain metastasis,underscoring the need for further research in this field.
