Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodi...Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.展开更多
Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide ...Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.展开更多
γ-Glutamyl peptides can enhance basic taste sensations such as saltiness,sweetness,and umaminess,while the molecular mechanism and the difference in taste enhancement remain elusive.Thus,two complex conformations:tas...γ-Glutamyl peptides can enhance basic taste sensations such as saltiness,sweetness,and umaminess,while the molecular mechanism and the difference in taste enhancement remain elusive.Thus,two complex conformations:taste type 1 receptor 1(T1 R1)-MSG and taste type 1 receptor 2(T1 R2)-sucrose were constructed to form binding receptors.These peptides showed affinity for the two receptors,but a higher affi nity scores and more binding amino acid residues for the T1 R1-MSG receptor,implying that they may exhibit a higher umami-enhancing effect.Thereinto,γ-glutamyl alanine(γ-EA)displayed the highest affi nity for the two receptors through mobilizing multiple amino acid residues to form hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds,indicating it had the highest enhancement for umaminess and sweetness among these peptides.Sensory evaluation demonstrated the enhancement ofγ-EA on umaminess was superior to that of sweetness.Generally,γ-glutamyl peptides could enhance basic taste sensation via activating taste receptor,and exhibited a highest umami-enhancing effect.展开更多
Duyun Maojian tea is a famous tea in China.In this study,the specific-locus amplified fragment(SLAF)sequencing method was used to analyze the population structure and conduct a genome-wide association study(GWAS)of 2 ...Duyun Maojian tea is a famous tea in China.In this study,the specific-locus amplified fragment(SLAF)sequencing method was used to analyze the population structure and conduct a genome-wide association study(GWAS)of 2 leaf traits of 123 tea plants in Qiannan,China.A total of 462,019 SLAF tags and 11,362,041 single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci were obtained.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis showed that 123 tea germplasms were clustered into three groups,and the heterozygosity rates for Groups I,II,and II were 0.206,0.224,and 0.34,respectively.Generally,tea germplasms in a production area are clustered in a group,indicating that tea germplasms in different production areas have certain genetic diversity.The traditional Duyun Maojian tea core production areas,TS and DC-SJ,are clustered into Group I and Group II respectively,while the ZY production area is relatively independent in Group III.Furthermore,based on GWAS analysis,11 candidate genes related to leaf apex and 7 candidate genes related to leaf shape were obtained.This study clarified the genetic relationship among eight Duyun Maojian tea production areas and obtained candidate genes related to leaf apex and leaf shape development.The results showed that population structure and candidate genes are an effective basis for the breeding of Duyun Maojian tea germplasm.展开更多
Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).A dwarf and small seed 1(dss1)mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous...Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).A dwarf and small seed 1(dss1)mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous landrace cultivar,Lipingzabianhe.The dss1 mutant displayed phenotypes similar to those of brassinosteroid(BR)deficient mutants,such as dwarfing,dark green and rugose erect leaves,small seeds,and loner neck internode panicles with primary branching.In our previous study,the underlying DSS1 gene was isolated,a novel allele of OsDWARF(OsBR6ox)that encodes a cytochrome P450 protein involved in the BR biosynthetic pathway by MutMap technology.In this work,we confirmed that a Thr335Ile amino acid substitution residing in DSS1/OsDWARF was responsible for the dwarf,panicle architecture,and small seed phenotypes in the dss1 mutants by genetic transformation experiments.The overexpression of OsDWARF in the dss1 mutant background could not only recover dss1 to the normal plant height and panicle architecture but also rescued normal leaf angles,seed size,and leaf color.Thus,the specific mutation in DSS1/OsDWARF influenced plant architecture,seed size,and chlorophyll biosynthesis.展开更多
Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane ...Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate-treated mutant progeny of Lailong,a glutinous japonica rice landrace cultivated in Guizhou Province,China.Results showed that yl1 exhibited yellow leaves with decreased chlorophyll content throughout the growth period.Chloroplast development in the yl1 mutant was disrupted,and the grana lamellae was loosely packed and disordered.RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the chlorophyll synthesis-related genes OsCHLH,OsCHLM,OsCHLG,PORB,and YGL8,as well as the chloroplast development-related genes FtsZ,OsRpoTp,and RbcL,were down-regulated in the yl1 mutant.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow leaf phenotype of yl1 was controlled by recessive nuclear gene.By employing the MutMap method,the mutation responsible for the phenotype was mapped to a 6.17 Mb region between 17.34 and 23.51 Mb on chromosome 3.Two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)located in the gene locus LOC_Os03g31210 and LOC_Os03g36760 were detected in this region.The two SNPs were further confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing.The expression patterns of the two candidate genes indicated that LOC_Os03g36760 showed greater potential for functional verification.Subcellular protein localization revealed that the encoded product of LOC_Os03g36760 was localized in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and plasma membrane.These results will be useful for further characterization and cloning of the yl1 gene,and for research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.展开更多
基金financially supported by Youth Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(SKXRC202317)the Open Project of Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Key Laboratory of Alcoholic Beverages Quality and Safety of China Light Industry(FQS-202201)+3 种基金Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Universities(2022KTSCX058)Special Projects in Key Field of Guangdong Universities(2022ZDZX4015,2022ZDZX4016)Guangdong Maoming Binhai New Area Marine Fishery Industrial Park Project(0835-220FA8102621)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology(2021B1212040013)。
文摘Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.
基金The 2022 Ministry of Education General Project for Humanities and Social Sciences Research(Grant No.22YJAZH147)the General Subject of Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Development“14th Five-Year Plan”in 2023(Grant No.2023GZYB68)+2 种基金China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund-Huatong Guokang Medical Research Special Project(Grant No.2023HT017)2024 Guangdong Province General Project for the Planning of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.GD24CGL29)the Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022WCXTD011).
文摘Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901814)Guangzhou Science and Technology program key project(202104020028)the Major State Basic Reasearch Development Program Of China(2018YFD0901003)。
文摘γ-Glutamyl peptides can enhance basic taste sensations such as saltiness,sweetness,and umaminess,while the molecular mechanism and the difference in taste enhancement remain elusive.Thus,two complex conformations:taste type 1 receptor 1(T1 R1)-MSG and taste type 1 receptor 2(T1 R2)-sucrose were constructed to form binding receptors.These peptides showed affinity for the two receptors,but a higher affi nity scores and more binding amino acid residues for the T1 R1-MSG receptor,implying that they may exhibit a higher umami-enhancing effect.Thereinto,γ-glutamyl alanine(γ-EA)displayed the highest affi nity for the two receptors through mobilizing multiple amino acid residues to form hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds,indicating it had the highest enhancement for umaminess and sweetness among these peptides.Sensory evaluation demonstrated the enhancement ofγ-EA on umaminess was superior to that of sweetness.Generally,γ-glutamyl peptides could enhance basic taste sensation via activating taste receptor,and exhibited a highest umami-enhancing effect.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province[20181044]the Construction Program of Biology First-Class Disciplining Guizhou(GNYL[2017]009)the Young Scholars and Technology Talents Development Project of Guizhou Education Department KY(2018)124,and the Independent Subject Grant Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Conservation and Plantation Innovation of the Ministry of Education(Guizhou University).
文摘Duyun Maojian tea is a famous tea in China.In this study,the specific-locus amplified fragment(SLAF)sequencing method was used to analyze the population structure and conduct a genome-wide association study(GWAS)of 2 leaf traits of 123 tea plants in Qiannan,China.A total of 462,019 SLAF tags and 11,362,041 single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci were obtained.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis showed that 123 tea germplasms were clustered into three groups,and the heterozygosity rates for Groups I,II,and II were 0.206,0.224,and 0.34,respectively.Generally,tea germplasms in a production area are clustered in a group,indicating that tea germplasms in different production areas have certain genetic diversity.The traditional Duyun Maojian tea core production areas,TS and DC-SJ,are clustered into Group I and Group II respectively,while the ZY production area is relatively independent in Group III.Furthermore,based on GWAS analysis,11 candidate genes related to leaf apex and 7 candidate genes related to leaf shape were obtained.This study clarified the genetic relationship among eight Duyun Maojian tea production areas and obtained candidate genes related to leaf apex and leaf shape development.The results showed that population structure and candidate genes are an effective basis for the breeding of Duyun Maojian tea germplasm.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects of China(2016ZX08010003)The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(20181043)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Guizhou Province([2016]7448)Guizhou university talent introduced project(2015[25]).
文摘Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).A dwarf and small seed 1(dss1)mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous landrace cultivar,Lipingzabianhe.The dss1 mutant displayed phenotypes similar to those of brassinosteroid(BR)deficient mutants,such as dwarfing,dark green and rugose erect leaves,small seeds,and loner neck internode panicles with primary branching.In our previous study,the underlying DSS1 gene was isolated,a novel allele of OsDWARF(OsBR6ox)that encodes a cytochrome P450 protein involved in the BR biosynthetic pathway by MutMap technology.In this work,we confirmed that a Thr335Ile amino acid substitution residing in DSS1/OsDWARF was responsible for the dwarf,panicle architecture,and small seed phenotypes in the dss1 mutants by genetic transformation experiments.The overexpression of OsDWARF in the dss1 mutant background could not only recover dss1 to the normal plant height and panicle architecture but also rescued normal leaf angles,seed size,and leaf color.Thus,the specific mutation in DSS1/OsDWARF influenced plant architecture,seed size,and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
基金supported by grants from the Guizhou Province High-Level Innovative Talent Training Program Project([2016]4003)the Guizhou Science and Technology Major Project[20126005]and the Guizhou Science and Technology Project(20171039).
文摘Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate-treated mutant progeny of Lailong,a glutinous japonica rice landrace cultivated in Guizhou Province,China.Results showed that yl1 exhibited yellow leaves with decreased chlorophyll content throughout the growth period.Chloroplast development in the yl1 mutant was disrupted,and the grana lamellae was loosely packed and disordered.RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the chlorophyll synthesis-related genes OsCHLH,OsCHLM,OsCHLG,PORB,and YGL8,as well as the chloroplast development-related genes FtsZ,OsRpoTp,and RbcL,were down-regulated in the yl1 mutant.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow leaf phenotype of yl1 was controlled by recessive nuclear gene.By employing the MutMap method,the mutation responsible for the phenotype was mapped to a 6.17 Mb region between 17.34 and 23.51 Mb on chromosome 3.Two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)located in the gene locus LOC_Os03g31210 and LOC_Os03g36760 were detected in this region.The two SNPs were further confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing.The expression patterns of the two candidate genes indicated that LOC_Os03g36760 showed greater potential for functional verification.Subcellular protein localization revealed that the encoded product of LOC_Os03g36760 was localized in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and plasma membrane.These results will be useful for further characterization and cloning of the yl1 gene,and for research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.
