Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulc...Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of different extraction fractions of Baeckea frutescens L.on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro.[Methods]Leaves were ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of different extraction fractions of Baeckea frutescens L.on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro.[Methods]Leaves were separated from the aerial part of B.frutescens,immersed in distilled water and treated by ultrasound for half an hour.The volatile oil in B.frutescens leaves was extracted by steam distillation.The leaves after removing the volatile oil were extracted by reflux condensation,and then the extract was concentrated into fluid extract.The organic solvent extraction method was applied to extract the fluid extract until the organic phase was nearly colorless,and the extracts were combined,and concentrated into fluid extract,which was then freeze-dried into powder for later use.A cytotoxicity experiment was carried out on human colon cancer LOVO cells with different extraction fractions of B.frutescens as test drugs.Cell activity was detected by MTT assay.[Results]The petroleum ether fraction and chloroform fraction of B.frutescens had no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human intestinal cancer LOVO cells in vitro.The ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction of B.frutescens had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.The IC_(50)of ethyl acetate was 398.94μg/ml,and that of n-butanol was 617.02μg/ml.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extraction fractions from B.frutescens have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
The introduction of machine learning algorithms has revolutionized the design of invisible devices,particularly in the intricate domain of elasto-dynamics.In this study,we proposed a core-shell configuration to realiz...The introduction of machine learning algorithms has revolutionized the design of invisible devices,particularly in the intricate domain of elasto-dynamics.In this study,we proposed a core-shell configuration to realize elastic sphere cloaks driven by a Bayesian optimization algorithm to pinpoint the optimal configuration with high precision.Numerical simulations in solid and aqueous environments were performed to validate the cloaking efficacy of our design and the parameters identified by the algorithm.The results closely agreed with the theoretical predictions,underscoring the robustness of the proposed method.This approach provides new insights into the design of elastic wave invisibility devices and has potential applications in underwater communication and sonar detection.展开更多
The infrared band contains rich opportunities for astronomical research,but due to the limitations of infrared technology,the development of infrared astronomy in China has been far from satisfactory for a long time,e...The infrared band contains rich opportunities for astronomical research,but due to the limitations of infrared technology,the development of infrared astronomy in China has been far from satisfactory for a long time,especially for solar observation.“Accurate Infrared Magnetic field Measurements of the Sun”project(AIMS)is a National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project(recommended by the Ministries)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.It is aimed at improving the accuracy of magnetic field measurement by an order of magnitude,by measuring the“Zeeman splitting”directly.In addition,as AIMS is also the first equipment specifically designed for mid-to far-infrared solar observation in the world,we also hope to utilize AIMS to explore potential new scientific research opportunities in the vast infrared region.This article will briefly introduce the scientific objectives,the telescope,the scientific post-focus instruments,and finally summarize the commissioning observations of AIMS.展开更多
This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentraliz...This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentralized unknown input observer is established to estimate relative states and actuator faults.Second,the estimated and output neighboring information is combined with distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking controllers.Criteria of reaching leader-following exponential consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under both connectivity-maintained and connectivity-mixed attacks are derived with average dwelling time,attack frequency,and attack activation rate technique,respectively.Simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant consensus tracking algorithm.展开更多
Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor c...Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.展开更多
Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fer...Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.展开更多
As the third essential trace element in the human body,copper plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,which lays the foundation for its broad applications in cancer treatments.The overview of copper,in...As the third essential trace element in the human body,copper plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,which lays the foundation for its broad applications in cancer treatments.The overview of copper,including pharmacokinetics,signaling pathways,and homeostasis dysregulation,is hereby discussed.Additionally,cuproptosis,as a newly proposed cell death mechanism associated with copper accumulation,is analyzed and further developed for efficient cancer treatment.Different forms of Cu-based nanoparticles and their advantages,aswell as limiting factors,are introduced.Moreover,the unique characteristics of Cu-based nanoparticles give rise to their applications in various imaging modalities.In addition,Cu-based nanomaterials are featured by their excellent photothermal property and ROS-associated tumor-killing potential,which are widely explored in diverse cancer therapies and combined therapies.Reducing the concentration of Cu^(2+)/Cu^(+)is another cancer-killing method,and chelators can meet this need.More importantly,challenges and future prospects are identified for further research.展开更多
Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge...Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge to governments due to the dynamics and complexity of the taxi system.To address this challenge,this paper develops a discrete-event-based simulation framework to simulate participants in the system and estimate the results under different substitution scales,which are helpful to understanding the status changing law of entities under different substitution scales,such as the operating indices of ETs,the unsatisfied travel requirements of passengers,and the usage state of charging facilities.The framework abstracts the behavioral process of ETs into three elements,namely,entity,behavior,and event.The entities are constructed from the information derived from the trajectory data.The behaviors are defined by rules following behavioral logic under anxiety psychology,which is caused by the limited range of ETs.The events are triggered based on rules from reality.With the help of this framework,a multi-objective optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal substitution scale of GTs in the case study area of Zhengzhou City.Overall,the approach could provide a practical tool to address this challenge,which could support further studies of the effect of ETs on urban taxis.展开更多
A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the...A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the first case of HOF with dual sensing of visual color changes and photoluminescence quenching for aniline detection,and the detection limit of aniline can reach5.5 x 10^(-4)mol/L.Under ultraviolet FJU-200 will rapidly change from light yellow to rustic brown,which makes it possible to use FJU-200 to achieve minute-level ultraviolet detection.Moreover,for more convenient use,FJU-200 test papers are prepared.Using them,convenient and fast aniline or ultraviolet detection can be realized.The single-crystal X-ray structures show that compared with the original FJU-200,both PhNH_(2)@FJU-200 and UV-FJU-200 have larger pore sizes,and the dihedral angles of the H_(2)L^(2-)in framework has been changed.展开更多
A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of...A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.展开更多
This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loo...This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loop interconnected system is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense in probability for all admissible uncertainties and time delays. Sufficient conditions for robustly asymptotically stability of the systems are given in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the proliferation inhibition of hirudin on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG 2 cells and Huh-7 cells.[Methods]Hirudin solutions of different concentrations(2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the proliferation inhibition of hirudin on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG 2 cells and Huh-7 cells.[Methods]Hirudin solutions of different concentrations(2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0 mg/ml)were used to treat HepG 2 cells and Huh-7 cells.The effects of different hirudin concentrations on the proliferative activity of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay,and the IC 50 values were calculated.A living/dead cell double staining experiment was conducted to observe the fluorescence of cells under a fluorescent microscope,so as to assess the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of hirudin on the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.A cell scratch assay was carried out,and an inverted microscope was employed to observe the healing of the scratched areas,so as to assess the impact of hirudin on the migratory and invasive capabilities of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.[Results](i)The results of CCK-8 assay indicated that compared with the blank control group,the proliferation inhibition rates of both hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells increased with the concentration of hirudin increasing,demonstrating that hirudin had an inhibitory effect on the proliferative activity of these cells.Specifically,the IC 50 values for HepG2 and Huh-7 were found to be 3.5 and 4.0 mg/ml.(ii)The living/dead cell double staining experiment revealed that the number of living cells in the hirudin-treated group decreased significantly compared with the control group,while the number of dead cells increased markedly,indicating an inhibitory effect of hirudin on the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.(iii)The results of cell scratch assay showed that the healing degree of the scratched areas in the hirudin-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the control group,indicating a reduction in cell growth and migration capabilities.[Conclusions]Hirudin exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.展开更多
The theoretical foundation of electromagnetic cloak design via transformation optics lies in the form invariance of Maxwell’s equations under coordinate transformations.However,Milton pointed out that,unlike electrom...The theoretical foundation of electromagnetic cloak design via transformation optics lies in the form invariance of Maxwell’s equations under coordinate transformations.However,Milton pointed out that,unlike electromagnetics,the elastodynamic equations lose this form of invariance after transformations[1],posing challenges for further extensions.Later,Steven and colleagues proposed the twodimensional(2D)acoustic cloak implementation by drawing analogies between Maxwell’s equations with single polarization and acoustic equations in 2D geometry,while explicitly demonstrating its inapplicability in threedimensional(3D)configurations[2].展开更多
Fatty acid metabolism mediates macrophage function;however,the underlying mechanism by which fatty acid metabolism regulates macrophage interleukin(IL)-1βproduction remains to be uncovered.Here,we used genome-wide as...Fatty acid metabolism mediates macrophage function;however,the underlying mechanism by which fatty acid metabolism regulates macrophage interleukin(IL)-1βproduction remains to be uncovered.Here,we used genome-wide association studies(GWAS)to identify several porcine serum IL-1β-related genes,such as the fatty acid metabolizing enzyme acyl-CoA thioesterase 11(ACOT11).We then demonstrated that inflammatory macrophages have low expression of ACOT11,and ACOT11 overexpression inhibits IL-1βmaturation from inflammatory macrophages.Mechanistically,ACOT11 promotes intracellular fatty acids accumulation,including eicosatetraenoic acid(EA)and stearic acid(SA),which inhibit activation of the Janus kinase(JAK)—signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling through palmitoylation of interferon(IFN)-γreceptor(IFNGR)2 at C261site.Furthermore,we also found that EA attenuates lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis in mice.Collectively,our findings reveal a mechanism involving ACOT11-mediated post-translational modification that regulates macrophage function and provide a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with macrophages.展开更多
Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid...Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.展开更多
Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(S...Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we have designed a CuZn diatomic site(CuZn-DAS)electrocatalyst with unique coordination structure(CuN_(4)-ZnN_(4))by anchoring and ordering the spatial distance between the metal precursors on the carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))derived N-doped carbon(NC)substrate.The CuZn-DAS/NC shows high activity and selectivity for electroreduction CO_(2)into CO.The Faradaic efficiency for CO of CuZn-DAS/NC(98.4%)is higher than that of Cu single atomic site on NC(Cu-SAS/NC)(36.4%)and Zn single atomic site on NC(Zn-SAS/NC)(66.8%)at-0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).In situ characterizations reveal that the CuZn-DAS is more favorable for the formation and adsorption of^(*)COOH than those of the electrocatalysts with single atomic site.Theorical calculations show that the charge redistribution of Zn site in CuZn-DAS/NC caused by the considerable electron transfers from Zn atoms to the adjacent Cu atoms can reduce the adsorption energy barriers for^(*)COOH and^(*)CO production,improving the activity and CO selectivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071980)the Key Projects of Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance(No.LMZD202201)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2021LLRH-07)Shaanxi Natural Scientific Basic Research Program project(No.2022JQ-157).
文摘Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.
基金Supported by Social Development Program of Guilin Science and Technology Bureau(20210227-9-3)Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Application of the Project(S202310601143)University-Level Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(X202410601223).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of different extraction fractions of Baeckea frutescens L.on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro.[Methods]Leaves were separated from the aerial part of B.frutescens,immersed in distilled water and treated by ultrasound for half an hour.The volatile oil in B.frutescens leaves was extracted by steam distillation.The leaves after removing the volatile oil were extracted by reflux condensation,and then the extract was concentrated into fluid extract.The organic solvent extraction method was applied to extract the fluid extract until the organic phase was nearly colorless,and the extracts were combined,and concentrated into fluid extract,which was then freeze-dried into powder for later use.A cytotoxicity experiment was carried out on human colon cancer LOVO cells with different extraction fractions of B.frutescens as test drugs.Cell activity was detected by MTT assay.[Results]The petroleum ether fraction and chloroform fraction of B.frutescens had no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human intestinal cancer LOVO cells in vitro.The ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction of B.frutescens had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.The IC_(50)of ethyl acetate was 398.94μg/ml,and that of n-butanol was 617.02μg/ml.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extraction fractions from B.frutescens have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human colon cancer LOVO cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1407100 and 2020YFA0710100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374410 and 12361161667)。
文摘The introduction of machine learning algorithms has revolutionized the design of invisible devices,particularly in the intricate domain of elasto-dynamics.In this study,we proposed a core-shell configuration to realize elastic sphere cloaks driven by a Bayesian optimization algorithm to pinpoint the optimal configuration with high precision.Numerical simulations in solid and aqueous environments were performed to validate the cloaking efficacy of our design and the parameters identified by the algorithm.The results closely agreed with the theoretical predictions,underscoring the robustness of the proposed method.This approach provides new insights into the design of elastic wave invisibility devices and has potential applications in underwater communication and sonar detection.
文摘The infrared band contains rich opportunities for astronomical research,but due to the limitations of infrared technology,the development of infrared astronomy in China has been far from satisfactory for a long time,especially for solar observation.“Accurate Infrared Magnetic field Measurements of the Sun”project(AIMS)is a National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project(recommended by the Ministries)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.It is aimed at improving the accuracy of magnetic field measurement by an order of magnitude,by measuring the“Zeeman splitting”directly.In addition,as AIMS is also the first equipment specifically designed for mid-to far-infrared solar observation in the world,we also hope to utilize AIMS to explore potential new scientific research opportunities in the vast infrared region.This article will briefly introduce the scientific objectives,the telescope,the scientific post-focus instruments,and finally summarize the commissioning observations of AIMS.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018AAA0102804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62020106003,62103250,61773201)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NC2020002,NP2020103)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1414000)。
文摘This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems with general incipient and abrupt time-varying actuator faults under cyber-attacks.First,a decentralized unknown input observer is established to estimate relative states and actuator faults.Second,the estimated and output neighboring information is combined with distributed fault-tolerant consensus tracking controllers.Criteria of reaching leader-following exponential consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under both connectivity-maintained and connectivity-mixed attacks are derived with average dwelling time,attack frequency,and attack activation rate technique,respectively.Simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the fault-tolerant consensus tracking algorithm.
基金partially supported by a USDA NIFA grant(2018-67015-27479)Walmart Foundation(Project#61626817).
文摘Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship.
文摘Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.
基金Grant from Liaoning Provincal National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.2023-MS-202)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘As the third essential trace element in the human body,copper plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,which lays the foundation for its broad applications in cancer treatments.The overview of copper,including pharmacokinetics,signaling pathways,and homeostasis dysregulation,is hereby discussed.Additionally,cuproptosis,as a newly proposed cell death mechanism associated with copper accumulation,is analyzed and further developed for efficient cancer treatment.Different forms of Cu-based nanoparticles and their advantages,aswell as limiting factors,are introduced.Moreover,the unique characteristics of Cu-based nanoparticles give rise to their applications in various imaging modalities.In addition,Cu-based nanomaterials are featured by their excellent photothermal property and ROS-associated tumor-killing potential,which are widely explored in diverse cancer therapies and combined therapies.Reducing the concentration of Cu^(2+)/Cu^(+)is another cancer-killing method,and chelators can meet this need.More importantly,challenges and future prospects are identified for further research.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant 41771473]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant 2042020kfxg24].
文摘Electric Taxis(ETs)are the most favored alternatives to Gasoline Taxis(GTs)in cities that aim to reduce environmental pollution.How to develop a reasonable scale on which GTs are substituted by ETs remains a challenge to governments due to the dynamics and complexity of the taxi system.To address this challenge,this paper develops a discrete-event-based simulation framework to simulate participants in the system and estimate the results under different substitution scales,which are helpful to understanding the status changing law of entities under different substitution scales,such as the operating indices of ETs,the unsatisfied travel requirements of passengers,and the usage state of charging facilities.The framework abstracts the behavioral process of ETs into three elements,namely,entity,behavior,and event.The entities are constructed from the information derived from the trajectory data.The behaviors are defined by rules following behavioral logic under anxiety psychology,which is caused by the limited range of ETs.The events are triggered based on rules from reality.With the help of this framework,a multi-objective optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal substitution scale of GTs in the case study area of Zhengzhou City.Overall,the approach could provide a practical tool to address this challenge,which could support further studies of the effect of ETs on urban taxis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673039,21573042,21805039,21975044,21971038 and 21922810)the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.2018J07001 and2019H6012)。
文摘A novel hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)FJU-200 has been constructed from N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide(H_(4)L).FJU-200 has a good dual-function of aniline and ultraviolet detection.FJU-200 is the first case of HOF with dual sensing of visual color changes and photoluminescence quenching for aniline detection,and the detection limit of aniline can reach5.5 x 10^(-4)mol/L.Under ultraviolet FJU-200 will rapidly change from light yellow to rustic brown,which makes it possible to use FJU-200 to achieve minute-level ultraviolet detection.Moreover,for more convenient use,FJU-200 test papers are prepared.Using them,convenient and fast aniline or ultraviolet detection can be realized.The single-crystal X-ray structures show that compared with the original FJU-200,both PhNH_(2)@FJU-200 and UV-FJU-200 have larger pore sizes,and the dihedral angles of the H_(2)L^(2-)in framework has been changed.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(T11036061/T0108).
文摘A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 60474038, No.70431002)the NSF for Distinguished Young Scholars of P. R.China (No. 60225013)
文摘This paper focuses on a class of T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and time-varying parameter uncertainties. Observer-based output feedback decentralized controller is designed such that the closed-loop interconnected system is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense in probability for all admissible uncertainties and time delays. Sufficient conditions for robustly asymptotically stability of the systems are given in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）.
基金Social Development Program of Guilin Science and Technology Bureau(20210227-9-3)Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Application Project(S2021057)School-level Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(X2023106012040).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the proliferation inhibition of hirudin on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG 2 cells and Huh-7 cells.[Methods]Hirudin solutions of different concentrations(2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0 mg/ml)were used to treat HepG 2 cells and Huh-7 cells.The effects of different hirudin concentrations on the proliferative activity of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay,and the IC 50 values were calculated.A living/dead cell double staining experiment was conducted to observe the fluorescence of cells under a fluorescent microscope,so as to assess the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of hirudin on the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.A cell scratch assay was carried out,and an inverted microscope was employed to observe the healing of the scratched areas,so as to assess the impact of hirudin on the migratory and invasive capabilities of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.[Results](i)The results of CCK-8 assay indicated that compared with the blank control group,the proliferation inhibition rates of both hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells increased with the concentration of hirudin increasing,demonstrating that hirudin had an inhibitory effect on the proliferative activity of these cells.Specifically,the IC 50 values for HepG2 and Huh-7 were found to be 3.5 and 4.0 mg/ml.(ii)The living/dead cell double staining experiment revealed that the number of living cells in the hirudin-treated group decreased significantly compared with the control group,while the number of dead cells increased markedly,indicating an inhibitory effect of hirudin on the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.(iii)The results of cell scratch assay showed that the healing degree of the scratched areas in the hirudin-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the control group,indicating a reduction in cell growth and migration capabilities.[Conclusions]Hirudin exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh-7 cells.
文摘The theoretical foundation of electromagnetic cloak design via transformation optics lies in the form invariance of Maxwell’s equations under coordinate transformations.However,Milton pointed out that,unlike electromagnetics,the elastodynamic equations lose this form of invariance after transformations[1],posing challenges for further extensions.Later,Steven and colleagues proposed the twodimensional(2D)acoustic cloak implementation by drawing analogies between Maxwell’s equations with single polarization and acoustic equations in 2D geometry,while explicitly demonstrating its inapplicability in threedimensional(3D)configurations[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225047)Double first-class discipline promotion project(2023B10564001)+2 种基金Open Project Program of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition,Sichuan Agricultural University(SZ202301-02)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515111229)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(325QN483).
文摘Fatty acid metabolism mediates macrophage function;however,the underlying mechanism by which fatty acid metabolism regulates macrophage interleukin(IL)-1βproduction remains to be uncovered.Here,we used genome-wide association studies(GWAS)to identify several porcine serum IL-1β-related genes,such as the fatty acid metabolizing enzyme acyl-CoA thioesterase 11(ACOT11).We then demonstrated that inflammatory macrophages have low expression of ACOT11,and ACOT11 overexpression inhibits IL-1βmaturation from inflammatory macrophages.Mechanistically,ACOT11 promotes intracellular fatty acids accumulation,including eicosatetraenoic acid(EA)and stearic acid(SA),which inhibit activation of the Janus kinase(JAK)—signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling through palmitoylation of interferon(IFN)-γreceptor(IFNGR)2 at C261site.Furthermore,we also found that EA attenuates lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis in mice.Collectively,our findings reveal a mechanism involving ACOT11-mediated post-translational modification that regulates macrophage function and provide a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with macrophages.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202715)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.23DAA00403)Double first-class discipline promotion project under grant(No.2023B10564001)。
文摘Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073124 and 52273058)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.SBK2022030167)+1 种基金the MOE&SAFEA,111 Project(No.B13025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Diatomic site catalysts(DACs)with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we have designed a CuZn diatomic site(CuZn-DAS)electrocatalyst with unique coordination structure(CuN_(4)-ZnN_(4))by anchoring and ordering the spatial distance between the metal precursors on the carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))derived N-doped carbon(NC)substrate.The CuZn-DAS/NC shows high activity and selectivity for electroreduction CO_(2)into CO.The Faradaic efficiency for CO of CuZn-DAS/NC(98.4%)is higher than that of Cu single atomic site on NC(Cu-SAS/NC)(36.4%)and Zn single atomic site on NC(Zn-SAS/NC)(66.8%)at-0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE).In situ characterizations reveal that the CuZn-DAS is more favorable for the formation and adsorption of^(*)COOH than those of the electrocatalysts with single atomic site.Theorical calculations show that the charge redistribution of Zn site in CuZn-DAS/NC caused by the considerable electron transfers from Zn atoms to the adjacent Cu atoms can reduce the adsorption energy barriers for^(*)COOH and^(*)CO production,improving the activity and CO selectivity.
