Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspace...Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.展开更多
Marine fish diversity in the Beibu Gulf from 2014 to 2022 was analyzed,using various methods including at-sea fisheries resource surveys,fishing port surveys,underwater survey techniques,and data from literature,books...Marine fish diversity in the Beibu Gulf from 2014 to 2022 was analyzed,using various methods including at-sea fisheries resource surveys,fishing port surveys,underwater survey techniques,and data from literature,books,and databases,from which 1059 fish species across 40 orders,166 families,and 503 genera were identified.Among them,Acanthuriformes displayed the highest diversity,followed by Carangiformes and Perciformes.Notably,eight alien species were found in the Beibu Gulf.The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List assessment revealed 51threatened species,primarily cartilaginous fish.Taxonomic changes affected 88.70%of species due to classification adjustments,misidentifications,and junior synonymy.This study contributed new data of the gulf,including one additional order,six new families,34 new genera,and 81 new species,emphasizing the dynamic nature of marine ecosystems.Fish diversity in the gulf was relatively lower than the broader South China Sea,attributed to limited habitats and survey methods.Different survey methods,such as gill nets,trap nets,and underwater cameras,yielded varying results.Ocean currents may have transported deep-sea species into the Beibu Gulf,leading to accidental records.Research gaps exist in unexplored areas,warranting further investigation.Therefore,the Beibu Gulf hosts significant marine biodiversity,but taxonomic challenges and undiscovered species require new research and conservation efforts.展开更多
This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abun...This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH,respectively.As both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm^(-2)for 300 h.In-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water oxidation.Additionally,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER activities.This study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.展开更多
We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of ...We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.展开更多
Regulating reservoirs with clay slopes are prone to severe erosion caused by wind-wave actions and water-level fluctuations.Conventional bank protection methods often rely on rigid structures,which can adversely affec...Regulating reservoirs with clay slopes are prone to severe erosion caused by wind-wave actions and water-level fluctuations.Conventional bank protection methods often rely on rigid structures,which can adversely affect ecosystems.This study explores the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)for soil stabilization to enhance the erosion resistance of clay slopes and support plant growth.Through unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests and seed germination trials,an optimal MICP treatment formula was identified.Using calcium acetate as the calcium source,with a cementation solution concentration of 0.5 mol/L and a reagent dosage of 23%,the UCS increased by 235.3%(from 20.5 to 68.7 kPa).Euphrasia pectinate Ten and Sesbania cannabina were found to be suitable plant species for MICP-treated soil,achieving germination rates of 45%and 30%,respectively.Disintegration and wave erosion tests demonstrated that the disintegration rate of MICP-treated specimens decreased from 23.1%to 0%,and the erosion mass rate decreased from 1.5%to 0.2%.Field tests further validated the effectiveness of MICP,with treated slopes exhibiting no erosion and demonstrating penetration and shear strengths of 47.9 kPa and 114.5 kPa,respectively—2.5 and 3.2 times higher than those of untreated slopes.The MICP process facilitates calcium carbonate deposition,reduces pore space,and enhances interparticle bonding.Calcium carbonate crystals derived from calcium acetate exhibited stronger adhesion than those formed from calcium chloride.Filamentous organic matter was closely adhered between soil particles,further enhancing the ductility and resistance to hydraulic erosion.Additionally,acetate ions reduce MICP toxicity to plants and enhance microbial activity and nutrient cycling,creating more favorable conditions for plant growth.展开更多
Saponins associated with Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng)demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy across multiple diseases.However,certain high-yield saponins face limited clinical applications due to their reduce...Saponins associated with Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng)demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy across multiple diseases.However,certain high-yield saponins face limited clinical applications due to their reduced pharmacological efficacy.This study synthesized and evaluated 36 saponin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of ginsenosides Rg1/Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1 for anti-adipogenesis activity in vitro.The research revealed that the ginsenosides Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 demonstrates superior adipogenesis inhibitory effects.Structure-activity relationships(SARs)analysis indicates that incorporating an amidyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole into the saponin side chain via Click reaction enhances anti-adipogenesis activity.Additionally,several other derivatives exhibit general adipogenesis inhibition.Compound a17 demonstrated enhanced potency compared to the parent ginsenoside Rg1.Mechanistic investigations revealed that a17 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of adipogenesis in vitro,accompanied by decreased expression of preadipocytes.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),fatty acid synthase(FAS),and fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4)adipogenesis regulators.These findings establish the ginsenoside Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 as a promising adipocyte differentiation inhibitor and potential therapeutic agent for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.This research provides a foundation for developing effective therapeutic approaches for various metabolic syndromes.展开更多
Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October ...Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October 19,2021,and as combination therapy with metformin when using metformin alone failed in blood glucose control on July 16,2024,by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China.However,pharmacokinetic(PK)study of this product in patients with renal impairment have not yet been conducted.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of renal impairment on the PK and safety after a single oral dose of Chiglitazar.Methods:This multicenter,open-label,parallel-controlled,single-dose Phase I clinical trial(NCT 05515458)enrolled 24 participants(12/group)with severe renal impairment(SRI)or normal renal function(NRF).All participants received a single oral dose of 48 mg chiglitazar after breakfast and the PK and safety was evaluated.Results:The median Tmax was similar in both SRI and NRF groups(5.01 vs.5.02 hours).The geometric mean ratios(GMR)for Cmax,AUC0-t,and AUC0-∞were 0.807(90%confidence interval[CI]:0.697–0.935),0.853(90%CI:0.713–1.02),and 0.855(90%CI:0.716–1.02),respectively,indicating that SRI did not significantly affect the exposure of chiglitazar.The Cmax was weakly positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.4798,P=0.0177)and creatinine clearance rate(r=0.4667,P=0.0215).Urinary excretion of chiglitazar was negligible in the SRI group,with average values of Ae0-t=2,900 ng,Fe0-t=0.0060%,and CLR=0.323 mL/h within 0–72 hours post-dose.The treatment-emergent adverse event(TEAE)incidence in the SRI group(16.7%,2/12)was comparable to that in the NRF group(25%,3/12).All TEAEs were of mild severity and were adjudicated by the investigators to be unrelated to chiglitazar.No serious AE were reported.Chiglitazar exhibits a favorable safety profile.Conclusion:Severe renal impairment does not significantly affect the PK and safety of chiglitazar,and no dose adjustment for mild,moderate,and severe renal impairments is required.展开更多
In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstruc...In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstructures and meanwhile endow with PMo-CoNiS abundant amorphous/crystalline heterointerfaces,which can adjust the electronic structure,thus enhancing the intrinsic activity of hydro-gen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).As a result,ultra-low overpotentials of merely 156 and 58 mV are required to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER and HER,respec-tively,and the electrocatalysts PMo-CoNiS also exhibit low Tafel slopes and maintain robust stability for 48 h in alkaline media at a high current density of 50 mA cm^(−2).In addition,in an assembled electrolyte cell for overall water splitting,a voltage as low as 1.48 V is sufficient to yield a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further confirmed that the enhanced OER and HER result from the optimized OH^(∗)and H^(∗)adsorption energy of PMo-CoNiS due to P,Mo dual doping and generated interfacial effect.This work may offer an avenue for designing low-cost bifunctional catalysts with superior catalytic activity and provide a new application strategy for broader applications in various electrocatalytic fields.展开更多
The particle swarm optimization algorithm has predicted a series of binary cadmium hydrides that could be dynamically stable at pressures between 100 GPa and 300 GPa.These low-energy phases are composed of both Cd ato...The particle swarm optimization algorithm has predicted a series of binary cadmium hydrides that could be dynamically stable at pressures between 100 GPa and 300 GPa.These low-energy phases are composed of both Cd atoms and H_(2)molecules.Here,we propose a hitherto unknown metastable Cmcm-CdH_(6)phase,consisting of one-dimensional zigzag graphite-like hydrogenic H_(6)chains,quasimolecular H_(2)units and Cd atoms,which is metallic above 290 GPa.Due to H_(2)s→Cd d donation and Cd d→H_(2)σ^(*)back-donation,the electrons occupy antibonding orbitals for both types of hydrogen atoms.This results in weakened chemical bonds in the Cmcm-CdH_(6)phase via a Kubas-like mechanism,promoting the emergence of high superconductivity,which is estimated to be up to~60 K at 290 GPa.This work will inspire the search for superconductivity in materials based on group IIB hydrides under pressure.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to study the transmission characteristics of laser in atmospheric turbulent medium and understand the influence degree of various factors on amplitude fluctua...<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to study the transmission characteristics of laser in atmospheric turbulent medium and understand the influence degree of various factors on amplitude fluctuation, by means of smooth perturbation method, this paper establishes a theory model of amplitude fluctuation of laser propagation in turbulent medium by using the smooth perturbation method and reflects the amplitude fluctuation degree, carries out specific discussion on each influence factor. The results show that the larger the wavelength, the more stable the amplitude fluctuation. With the increase of laser section radius, the amplitude fluctuates sharply and then decreases slowly after reaching the peak. Transmission distance is the main influence factor of amplitude fluctuation. With the increase of transmission distance, the amplitude fluctuation will become more obvious. The amplitude acquisition can be comprehensively modulated in a specific transmission distance by wavelength and section ra-dius, so as to ensure the stability of the received laser and provide a theoretical basis for the interferometry technology. </div>展开更多
为缓解产线压力及适应订单随机性,汽车制造企业往往会在涂装车间与总装车间中设立涂装车身缓冲区(Painted Body Storage-PBS)。以最常见的线性缓冲区作为研究对象,针对其中可能出现的部分车道中断的突发情况,为提高产线的柔性,降低企业...为缓解产线压力及适应订单随机性,汽车制造企业往往会在涂装车间与总装车间中设立涂装车身缓冲区(Painted Body Storage-PBS)。以最常见的线性缓冲区作为研究对象,针对其中可能出现的部分车道中断的突发情况,为提高产线的柔性,降低企业的损失,提出了一种通过遗传算法来对PBS缓冲区的出库和入库进行“自适应循环优化”的实时动态调配方法。首先,利用车身信息、位置以及出库计划将可运行的待出库车身构建模型并通过遗传算法求解。然后,根据求解出来的出库模型结果对未入库车身进行构建匹配模型,获得的多种入库模型再通过融合启发式规则的遗传算法来进行确定入库以及得到之后的出库模型,从而形成一种出入库“自适应循环优化”的应急调度方案。最后,通过案例分析验证了该方法的有效性。展开更多
Due to the pneumatic heating and combustion effect,the scramjet engine of hypersonic vehicle faces high temperature challenge.It is necessary to comprehensively consider its thermal management and power generation tog...Due to the pneumatic heating and combustion effect,the scramjet engine of hypersonic vehicle faces high temperature challenge.It is necessary to comprehensively consider its thermal management and power generation together.A new Power and Thermal Management System(PTMS)combined with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide(SCO_(2))closed Brayton cycle and fuel vapor turbine is proposed and discussed in this paper.The new PTMS can meet the cooling requirement of hypersonic vehicle at Mach number 6–7,and avoid the coking and scrapping in the scramjet cooling channels.Compared with the PTMS only based on fuel vapor turbine,the new PTMS utilizes the waste heat of scramjet to generate more electricity.In addition,it can reduce the use of fuel sink for cooling,and the additional weight penalty can be compensated for long endurance hypersonic flight.展开更多
Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulato...Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulator remain poorly understood.In this study,we examine the collaborative influences of soil physicochemical properties(i.e.,soil water,soil organic matter(SOM),salinity,total phosphorus and nitrogen,pH,soil bulk density and fine root biomass)and soil microorganisms(fungi and bacteria)on plant diversity across two types of tree patches dominated by big and small trees(big trees:height≥7 m and DBH≥60 cm;small trees:height≤4.5 m and DBH≤20 cm)in an arid desert region.Tree patch is consists of a single tree or group of trees and their accompanying shrubs and herbs.It was hypothesized that soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms affect plant diversity but their influence differ.The results show that plant and soil microbial diversity increased with increasing distances from big trees.SOM,salinity,fine root biomass,soil water,total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents decreased with increasing distance from big trees,while pH and soil bulk density did not change.Plant and soil microbial diversity were higher in areas close to big trees compared with small trees,whereas soil physicochemical properties were opposite.The average contribution of soil physicochemical properties(12.2%-13.5%)to plant diversity was higher than microbial diversity(4.8%-6.7%).Salinity had the largest negative affect on plant diversity(24.7%-27.4%).This study suggests that soil fungi constrain plant diversity while bacteria improve it in tree patches.Soil physicochemical properties are the most important factor modulating plant diversity in arid desert tree patches.展开更多
The mathematical modeling of a rotating tapered Timoshenko beam with preset and pre-twist angles is constructed. The partial differential equations governing the six degrees, i.e., three displacements in the axial, fl...The mathematical modeling of a rotating tapered Timoshenko beam with preset and pre-twist angles is constructed. The partial differential equations governing the six degrees, i.e., three displacements in the axial, flapwise, and edgewise directions and three cross-sectional angles of torsion, flapwise bending, and edgewise bending, are obtained by the Euler angle descriptions. The power series method is then used to inves- tigate the natural frequencies and the corresponding complex mode functions. It is found that all the natural frequencies are increased by the centrifugal stiffening except the twist frequency, which is slightly decreased. The tapering ratio increases the first transverse, torsional, and axial frequencies, while decreases the second transverse frequency. Because of the pre-twist, all the directions are gyroscopically coupled with the phase differences among the six degrees.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Special Fund for Biological Breeding(Grant No.32302534)Jiangsu specially-appointed professor fund(Grant No.337060046)the Yangzhou University Startup Fund(Grant No.137012599).
文摘Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.
基金Supported by the Regional Innovation Development Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A2087)the Shiptime Sharing Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42249911)。
文摘Marine fish diversity in the Beibu Gulf from 2014 to 2022 was analyzed,using various methods including at-sea fisheries resource surveys,fishing port surveys,underwater survey techniques,and data from literature,books,and databases,from which 1059 fish species across 40 orders,166 families,and 503 genera were identified.Among them,Acanthuriformes displayed the highest diversity,followed by Carangiformes and Perciformes.Notably,eight alien species were found in the Beibu Gulf.The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List assessment revealed 51threatened species,primarily cartilaginous fish.Taxonomic changes affected 88.70%of species due to classification adjustments,misidentifications,and junior synonymy.This study contributed new data of the gulf,including one additional order,six new families,34 new genera,and 81 new species,emphasizing the dynamic nature of marine ecosystems.Fish diversity in the gulf was relatively lower than the broader South China Sea,attributed to limited habitats and survey methods.Different survey methods,such as gill nets,trap nets,and underwater cameras,yielded varying results.Ocean currents may have transported deep-sea species into the Beibu Gulf,leading to accidental records.Research gaps exist in unexplored areas,warranting further investigation.Therefore,the Beibu Gulf hosts significant marine biodiversity,but taxonomic challenges and undiscovered species require new research and conservation efforts.
基金National Programs for NanoKey Project(2022YFA1504002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078233)。
文摘This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH,respectively.As both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm^(-2)for 300 h.In-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water oxidation.Additionally,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER activities.This study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12441502,12122506,12204230,and 12404554)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0300404)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020070)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20200714114522109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2024M762114)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231727)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206 and 11974330)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.
基金Science and Technology Project of Anhui Provincial Group Limited for Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion,Grant/Award Number:YJJH-ZT-ZX-20221130515Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:E2024210095National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52308365。
文摘Regulating reservoirs with clay slopes are prone to severe erosion caused by wind-wave actions and water-level fluctuations.Conventional bank protection methods often rely on rigid structures,which can adversely affect ecosystems.This study explores the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)for soil stabilization to enhance the erosion resistance of clay slopes and support plant growth.Through unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests and seed germination trials,an optimal MICP treatment formula was identified.Using calcium acetate as the calcium source,with a cementation solution concentration of 0.5 mol/L and a reagent dosage of 23%,the UCS increased by 235.3%(from 20.5 to 68.7 kPa).Euphrasia pectinate Ten and Sesbania cannabina were found to be suitable plant species for MICP-treated soil,achieving germination rates of 45%and 30%,respectively.Disintegration and wave erosion tests demonstrated that the disintegration rate of MICP-treated specimens decreased from 23.1%to 0%,and the erosion mass rate decreased from 1.5%to 0.2%.Field tests further validated the effectiveness of MICP,with treated slopes exhibiting no erosion and demonstrating penetration and shear strengths of 47.9 kPa and 114.5 kPa,respectively—2.5 and 3.2 times higher than those of untreated slopes.The MICP process facilitates calcium carbonate deposition,reduces pore space,and enhances interparticle bonding.Calcium carbonate crystals derived from calcium acetate exhibited stronger adhesion than those formed from calcium chloride.Filamentous organic matter was closely adhered between soil particles,further enhancing the ductility and resistance to hydraulic erosion.Additionally,acetate ions reduce MICP toxicity to plants and enhance microbial activity and nutrient cycling,creating more favorable conditions for plant growth.
基金supported by the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund(Nos.202207AA110007,202207AB110002)Yunnan Science and Technology Department(No.202402AA310009)the Program for Xingdian Talents(Yun-Ling Scholars)and IRTSTYN.
文摘Saponins associated with Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng)demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy across multiple diseases.However,certain high-yield saponins face limited clinical applications due to their reduced pharmacological efficacy.This study synthesized and evaluated 36 saponin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of ginsenosides Rg1/Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1 for anti-adipogenesis activity in vitro.The research revealed that the ginsenosides Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 demonstrates superior adipogenesis inhibitory effects.Structure-activity relationships(SARs)analysis indicates that incorporating an amidyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole into the saponin side chain via Click reaction enhances anti-adipogenesis activity.Additionally,several other derivatives exhibit general adipogenesis inhibition.Compound a17 demonstrated enhanced potency compared to the parent ginsenoside Rg1.Mechanistic investigations revealed that a17 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of adipogenesis in vitro,accompanied by decreased expression of preadipocytes.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),fatty acid synthase(FAS),and fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4)adipogenesis regulators.These findings establish the ginsenoside Rg1-1,2,3-triazole derivative a17 as a promising adipocyte differentiation inhibitor and potential therapeutic agent for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.This research provides a foundation for developing effective therapeutic approaches for various metabolic syndromes.
文摘Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October 19,2021,and as combination therapy with metformin when using metformin alone failed in blood glucose control on July 16,2024,by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China.However,pharmacokinetic(PK)study of this product in patients with renal impairment have not yet been conducted.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of renal impairment on the PK and safety after a single oral dose of Chiglitazar.Methods:This multicenter,open-label,parallel-controlled,single-dose Phase I clinical trial(NCT 05515458)enrolled 24 participants(12/group)with severe renal impairment(SRI)or normal renal function(NRF).All participants received a single oral dose of 48 mg chiglitazar after breakfast and the PK and safety was evaluated.Results:The median Tmax was similar in both SRI and NRF groups(5.01 vs.5.02 hours).The geometric mean ratios(GMR)for Cmax,AUC0-t,and AUC0-∞were 0.807(90%confidence interval[CI]:0.697–0.935),0.853(90%CI:0.713–1.02),and 0.855(90%CI:0.716–1.02),respectively,indicating that SRI did not significantly affect the exposure of chiglitazar.The Cmax was weakly positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.4798,P=0.0177)and creatinine clearance rate(r=0.4667,P=0.0215).Urinary excretion of chiglitazar was negligible in the SRI group,with average values of Ae0-t=2,900 ng,Fe0-t=0.0060%,and CLR=0.323 mL/h within 0–72 hours post-dose.The treatment-emergent adverse event(TEAE)incidence in the SRI group(16.7%,2/12)was comparable to that in the NRF group(25%,3/12).All TEAEs were of mild severity and were adjudicated by the investigators to be unrelated to chiglitazar.No serious AE were reported.Chiglitazar exhibits a favorable safety profile.Conclusion:Severe renal impairment does not significantly affect the PK and safety of chiglitazar,and no dose adjustment for mild,moderate,and severe renal impairments is required.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078233)。
文摘In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstructures and meanwhile endow with PMo-CoNiS abundant amorphous/crystalline heterointerfaces,which can adjust the electronic structure,thus enhancing the intrinsic activity of hydro-gen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).As a result,ultra-low overpotentials of merely 156 and 58 mV are required to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER and HER,respec-tively,and the electrocatalysts PMo-CoNiS also exhibit low Tafel slopes and maintain robust stability for 48 h in alkaline media at a high current density of 50 mA cm^(−2).In addition,in an assembled electrolyte cell for overall water splitting,a voltage as low as 1.48 V is sufficient to yield a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further confirmed that the enhanced OER and HER result from the optimized OH^(∗)and H^(∗)adsorption energy of PMo-CoNiS due to P,Mo dual doping and generated interfacial effect.This work may offer an avenue for designing low-cost bifunctional catalysts with superior catalytic activity and provide a new application strategy for broader applications in various electrocatalytic fields.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20230101183JC)the Center for Computational Research at Jilin Province.
文摘The particle swarm optimization algorithm has predicted a series of binary cadmium hydrides that could be dynamically stable at pressures between 100 GPa and 300 GPa.These low-energy phases are composed of both Cd atoms and H_(2)molecules.Here,we propose a hitherto unknown metastable Cmcm-CdH_(6)phase,consisting of one-dimensional zigzag graphite-like hydrogenic H_(6)chains,quasimolecular H_(2)units and Cd atoms,which is metallic above 290 GPa.Due to H_(2)s→Cd d donation and Cd d→H_(2)σ^(*)back-donation,the electrons occupy antibonding orbitals for both types of hydrogen atoms.This results in weakened chemical bonds in the Cmcm-CdH_(6)phase via a Kubas-like mechanism,promoting the emergence of high superconductivity,which is estimated to be up to~60 K at 290 GPa.This work will inspire the search for superconductivity in materials based on group IIB hydrides under pressure.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to study the transmission characteristics of laser in atmospheric turbulent medium and understand the influence degree of various factors on amplitude fluctuation, by means of smooth perturbation method, this paper establishes a theory model of amplitude fluctuation of laser propagation in turbulent medium by using the smooth perturbation method and reflects the amplitude fluctuation degree, carries out specific discussion on each influence factor. The results show that the larger the wavelength, the more stable the amplitude fluctuation. With the increase of laser section radius, the amplitude fluctuates sharply and then decreases slowly after reaching the peak. Transmission distance is the main influence factor of amplitude fluctuation. With the increase of transmission distance, the amplitude fluctuation will become more obvious. The amplitude acquisition can be comprehensively modulated in a specific transmission distance by wavelength and section ra-dius, so as to ensure the stability of the received laser and provide a theoretical basis for the interferometry technology. </div>
文摘为缓解产线压力及适应订单随机性,汽车制造企业往往会在涂装车间与总装车间中设立涂装车身缓冲区(Painted Body Storage-PBS)。以最常见的线性缓冲区作为研究对象,针对其中可能出现的部分车道中断的突发情况,为提高产线的柔性,降低企业的损失,提出了一种通过遗传算法来对PBS缓冲区的出库和入库进行“自适应循环优化”的实时动态调配方法。首先,利用车身信息、位置以及出库计划将可运行的待出库车身构建模型并通过遗传算法求解。然后,根据求解出来的出库模型结果对未入库车身进行构建匹配模型,获得的多种入库模型再通过融合启发式规则的遗传算法来进行确定入库以及得到之后的出库模型,从而形成一种出入库“自适应循环优化”的应急调度方案。最后,通过案例分析验证了该方法的有效性。
文摘Due to the pneumatic heating and combustion effect,the scramjet engine of hypersonic vehicle faces high temperature challenge.It is necessary to comprehensively consider its thermal management and power generation together.A new Power and Thermal Management System(PTMS)combined with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide(SCO_(2))closed Brayton cycle and fuel vapor turbine is proposed and discussed in this paper.The new PTMS can meet the cooling requirement of hypersonic vehicle at Mach number 6–7,and avoid the coking and scrapping in the scramjet cooling channels.Compared with the PTMS only based on fuel vapor turbine,the new PTMS utilizes the waste heat of scramjet to generate more electricity.In addition,it can reduce the use of fuel sink for cooling,and the additional weight penalty can be compensated for long endurance hypersonic flight.
基金This work was supported fi nancially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.and 41,871,031 and 31,860,111)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(Grant No.2017D01C080).
文摘Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant diversity.However,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulator remain poorly understood.In this study,we examine the collaborative influences of soil physicochemical properties(i.e.,soil water,soil organic matter(SOM),salinity,total phosphorus and nitrogen,pH,soil bulk density and fine root biomass)and soil microorganisms(fungi and bacteria)on plant diversity across two types of tree patches dominated by big and small trees(big trees:height≥7 m and DBH≥60 cm;small trees:height≤4.5 m and DBH≤20 cm)in an arid desert region.Tree patch is consists of a single tree or group of trees and their accompanying shrubs and herbs.It was hypothesized that soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms affect plant diversity but their influence differ.The results show that plant and soil microbial diversity increased with increasing distances from big trees.SOM,salinity,fine root biomass,soil water,total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents decreased with increasing distance from big trees,while pH and soil bulk density did not change.Plant and soil microbial diversity were higher in areas close to big trees compared with small trees,whereas soil physicochemical properties were opposite.The average contribution of soil physicochemical properties(12.2%-13.5%)to plant diversity was higher than microbial diversity(4.8%-6.7%).Salinity had the largest negative affect on plant diversity(24.7%-27.4%).This study suggests that soil fungi constrain plant diversity while bacteria improve it in tree patches.Soil physicochemical properties are the most important factor modulating plant diversity in arid desert tree patches.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672007,11402028,11322214,and 11290152)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3172003)the Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion System Ministry of Education,Northeastern University(No.VCAME201601)
文摘The mathematical modeling of a rotating tapered Timoshenko beam with preset and pre-twist angles is constructed. The partial differential equations governing the six degrees, i.e., three displacements in the axial, flapwise, and edgewise directions and three cross-sectional angles of torsion, flapwise bending, and edgewise bending, are obtained by the Euler angle descriptions. The power series method is then used to inves- tigate the natural frequencies and the corresponding complex mode functions. It is found that all the natural frequencies are increased by the centrifugal stiffening except the twist frequency, which is slightly decreased. The tapering ratio increases the first transverse, torsional, and axial frequencies, while decreases the second transverse frequency. Because of the pre-twist, all the directions are gyroscopically coupled with the phase differences among the six degrees.
