Climate changes in cold-temperate zones are increasingly altering the state of climatic constraints on photosynthesis and growth,leading to adaptive changes in plant phenology and subsequent seasonal carbon assimilati...Climate changes in cold-temperate zones are increasingly altering the state of climatic constraints on photosynthesis and growth,leading to adaptive changes in plant phenology and subsequent seasonal carbon assimilation.However,the spatio-temporal patterns of climatic constraints and seasonal carbon assimilation are poorly understood.In this study,the timing of peak photosynthetic activity(DOY_(pmax))was employed as a proxy for plant adap-tive state to climatic constraints on growth to examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of DOY_(pmax).By using multiple remote sensing metrics,DOY_(pmax)was characterized with changes in the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)and leaf area index(LAI)from 2000 to 2018.Based on SIF,the DOY_(pmax)was generally around day 190,while based on LAI was about 10 d later.Peak photosynthetic activity of forests occurs earlier compared to other vegetation types.Overall,the advanced DOY_(pmax)were observed based on both SIF and LAI,with annual rates of 0.2(P=0.31)and 0.3(P<0.05)d,respectively.DOY_(pmax)dynamics were influ-enced by hot temperature extremes and vapor pressure defi-cits(VPD)during the early growing season,regardless of sub-zone and different vegetation type.The generalized lin-ear mixed model(GLMM)showed the largest contribution by hot extremes to DOY_(pmax)dynamics accounted for 55.5%(DOY_(pmax_SIF))and 49.1%(DOY_(pmax_LAI)),respectively,fol-lowed by VPD(DOY_(pmax_SIF):23.1%;DOY_(pmax_LAI):29.5%).These findings highlight the crucial role of climate extremes in shaping seasonal carbon dynamics and regional carbon balance.展开更多
In the USA,there were about 1806590 new cancer cases in 2020,and 606520 cancer deaths are expected to have occurred in 2021.Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women(Siegel et...In the USA,there were about 1806590 new cancer cases in 2020,and 606520 cancer deaths are expected to have occurred in 2021.Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women(Siegel et al.,2020).Clinical studies show that the five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients after early diagnosis and treatment intervention can reach 80%,compared with that of patients having advanced lung cancer.Thus,the early diagnosis of lung cancer is a key factorto reduce mortality.展开更多
Biodiversity experiments have shown that soil organic carbon(SOC)is not only a function of plant diversity,but is also closely related to the nitrogen(N)-fixing plants.However,the effect of N-fixing trees on SOC chemi...Biodiversity experiments have shown that soil organic carbon(SOC)is not only a function of plant diversity,but is also closely related to the nitrogen(N)-fixing plants.However,the effect of N-fixing trees on SOC chemical stability is still little known,especially with the compounding effects of tree species diversity.An experimental field manipulation was established in subtropical plantations of southern China to explore the impacts of tree species richness(i.e.,one,two,four and six tree species)and with/without N-fixing trees on SOC chemical stability,as indicated by the ratio of easily oxidized organic carbon to SOC(EOC/SOC).Plant-derived C components in terms of hydrolysable plant lipids and lignin phenols were isolated from soils for evaluating their relative contributions to SOC chemical stability.The results showed that N-fixing tree species rather than tree species richness had a significant effect on EOC/SOC.Hydrolysable plant lipids and lignin phenols were negatively correlated with EOC/SOC,while hydrolysable plant lipids contributed more to EOC/SOC than lignin phenols,especially in the occurrence of N-fixing trees.The presence of N-fixing tree species led to an increase in soil N availability and a decrease in fungal abundance,promoting the selective retention of certain key components of hydrolysable plant lipids,thus enhancing SOC chemical stability.These findings underpin the crucial role of N-fixing trees in shaping SOC chemical stability,and therefore,preferential selection of N-fixing tree species in mixed plantations is an appropriate silvicultural strategy to improve SOC chemical stability in subtropical plantations.展开更多
Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burd...Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burden(HBRCB)convergence.Methods This study systematically evaluated the global,regional,and national metrics of HBRCBs over the last 30 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)2019 results and the WHO Global Health Observatory(GHO)data repository.Results The results showed the global remission and convergence of HBRCB in the last three decades and the foreseeable future(2020–2044).Overall,HBRCBs are decreasing with the global emphasis on positive dietary habits,safe sex,substance addiction withdrawal,and active physical exercise habits.Globally,from 1990 to 2019,with the development of social development index(SDI)level from 0.511 to 0.651,the HBRCBs had been decreasing from 1507.908 to 1145.344 in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years(ASDALY)and from 61.467 to 49.449 in(age-standardized death rates)ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of−24.04%and−19.55%,respectively.Meanwhile,the variance in HBRCBs among countries and territories generally showed a decreasing or flat trend.The variance of HBRCBs among 204 countries and territories in 2019–2044 decreased from 1495.210 to 449.202 in males and from 214.640 to 78.848 in females for ASDR due to all behavior risks,and from 911,211.676 to 317,233.590 in males and from 146,171.660 to 62,926.660 in females for ASDALY.The global HBRCBs was becoming more uniform due to the globalization of human behaviors.Conclusions This study revealed the significance of addressing HBRCBs as a uniform and continuous issue in future global health promotion.It also demonstrated the potential existence of a chain effect in global health,where globalization leads to human behavior homogenization,which in turn results in HBRCB convergence.Properly measuring the commonalities and individualities among different regions and finding a balance when designing and evaluating HBRCB-related global policies in the global convergence trend of HBRCBs will be major concerns in the future.展开更多
Tumor-targeted immunotherapy is a remarkable breakthrough,offering the inimitable advantage of specific tumoricidal effects with reduced immune-associated cytotoxicity.However,existing platforms suffer from low effica...Tumor-targeted immunotherapy is a remarkable breakthrough,offering the inimitable advantage of specific tumoricidal effects with reduced immune-associated cytotoxicity.However,existing platforms suffer from low efficacy,inability to induce strong immunogenic cell death(ICD),and restrained capacity of transforming immune-deserted tumors into immune-cultivated ones.Here,an innovative platform,perfluorooctyl bromide(PFOB)nanoemulsions holding MnO_(2) nanoparticles(MBP),was developed to orchestrate cancer immunotherapy,serving as a theranostic nanoagent for MRI/CT dual-modality imaging and advanced ICD.By simultaneously depleting the GSH and eliciting the ICD effect via highintensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy,the MBP nanomedicine can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment by inducing maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and facilitating the activation of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)T cells.The synergistic GSH depletion and HIFU ablation also amplify the inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastasis.Together,these findings inaugurate a new strategy of tumor-targeted immunotherapy,realizing a novel therapeutics paradigm with great clinical significance.展开更多
Currently,standard protocols for body imaging and corresponding image processing pipelines in population-based cohort studies are unavailable,limiting the applications of body imaging.Based on the China Phenobank Proj...Currently,standard protocols for body imaging and corresponding image processing pipelines in population-based cohort studies are unavailable,limiting the applications of body imaging.Based on the China Phenobank Project(CHPP),the present study described a body imaging protocol for multiple organs,including cardiac structures,liver,spleen,pancreas,kidneys,lung,prostate,and uterus,and the corresponding image processing pipelines promoted its development.Briefly,the body imaging protocol comprised a 40-min cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan,a 5-min computed tomography(CT)scan,a 20-min abdominal MRI scan,and a 10-min pelvic MRI scan.The recommended image processing pipeline utilized deep learning segmentation models to facilitate the analysis of large amount of data.This study aimed to provide a reference for planning studies based on the CHPP platform.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2200405)the National Natural Science Foundationof China(Nos.U23A2002,31930078,and 31670450)the Fundamental Research Funds for ICBR(1632021023,1632019006,and1630032023002).
文摘Climate changes in cold-temperate zones are increasingly altering the state of climatic constraints on photosynthesis and growth,leading to adaptive changes in plant phenology and subsequent seasonal carbon assimilation.However,the spatio-temporal patterns of climatic constraints and seasonal carbon assimilation are poorly understood.In this study,the timing of peak photosynthetic activity(DOY_(pmax))was employed as a proxy for plant adap-tive state to climatic constraints on growth to examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of DOY_(pmax).By using multiple remote sensing metrics,DOY_(pmax)was characterized with changes in the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)and leaf area index(LAI)from 2000 to 2018.Based on SIF,the DOY_(pmax)was generally around day 190,while based on LAI was about 10 d later.Peak photosynthetic activity of forests occurs earlier compared to other vegetation types.Overall,the advanced DOY_(pmax)were observed based on both SIF and LAI,with annual rates of 0.2(P=0.31)and 0.3(P<0.05)d,respectively.DOY_(pmax)dynamics were influ-enced by hot temperature extremes and vapor pressure defi-cits(VPD)during the early growing season,regardless of sub-zone and different vegetation type.The generalized lin-ear mixed model(GLMM)showed the largest contribution by hot extremes to DOY_(pmax)dynamics accounted for 55.5%(DOY_(pmax_SIF))and 49.1%(DOY_(pmax_LAI)),respectively,fol-lowed by VPD(DOY_(pmax_SIF):23.1%;DOY_(pmax_LAI):29.5%).These findings highlight the crucial role of climate extremes in shaping seasonal carbon dynamics and regional carbon balance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830052)the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai(No.18441900500)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20ZR1438300)。
文摘In the USA,there were about 1806590 new cancer cases in 2020,and 606520 cancer deaths are expected to have occurred in 2021.Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women(Siegel et al.,2020).Clinical studies show that the five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients after early diagnosis and treatment intervention can reach 80%,compared with that of patients having advanced lung cancer.Thus,the early diagnosis of lung cancer is a key factorto reduce mortality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930078,32301559)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFD2200405,2021YFD2200402)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2021ZW001)the program for scientific research start-up funds of Guangdong Ocean University。
文摘Biodiversity experiments have shown that soil organic carbon(SOC)is not only a function of plant diversity,but is also closely related to the nitrogen(N)-fixing plants.However,the effect of N-fixing trees on SOC chemical stability is still little known,especially with the compounding effects of tree species diversity.An experimental field manipulation was established in subtropical plantations of southern China to explore the impacts of tree species richness(i.e.,one,two,four and six tree species)and with/without N-fixing trees on SOC chemical stability,as indicated by the ratio of easily oxidized organic carbon to SOC(EOC/SOC).Plant-derived C components in terms of hydrolysable plant lipids and lignin phenols were isolated from soils for evaluating their relative contributions to SOC chemical stability.The results showed that N-fixing tree species rather than tree species richness had a significant effect on EOC/SOC.Hydrolysable plant lipids and lignin phenols were negatively correlated with EOC/SOC,while hydrolysable plant lipids contributed more to EOC/SOC than lignin phenols,especially in the occurrence of N-fixing trees.The presence of N-fixing tree species led to an increase in soil N availability and a decrease in fungal abundance,promoting the selective retention of certain key components of hydrolysable plant lipids,thus enhancing SOC chemical stability.These findings underpin the crucial role of N-fixing trees in shaping SOC chemical stability,and therefore,preferential selection of N-fixing tree species in mixed plantations is an appropriate silvicultural strategy to improve SOC chemical stability in subtropical plantations.
基金supported by the Development Center for Medical Science and Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China(WA2021RW27).
文摘Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burden(HBRCB)convergence.Methods This study systematically evaluated the global,regional,and national metrics of HBRCBs over the last 30 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)2019 results and the WHO Global Health Observatory(GHO)data repository.Results The results showed the global remission and convergence of HBRCB in the last three decades and the foreseeable future(2020–2044).Overall,HBRCBs are decreasing with the global emphasis on positive dietary habits,safe sex,substance addiction withdrawal,and active physical exercise habits.Globally,from 1990 to 2019,with the development of social development index(SDI)level from 0.511 to 0.651,the HBRCBs had been decreasing from 1507.908 to 1145.344 in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years(ASDALY)and from 61.467 to 49.449 in(age-standardized death rates)ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of−24.04%and−19.55%,respectively.Meanwhile,the variance in HBRCBs among countries and territories generally showed a decreasing or flat trend.The variance of HBRCBs among 204 countries and territories in 2019–2044 decreased from 1495.210 to 449.202 in males and from 214.640 to 78.848 in females for ASDR due to all behavior risks,and from 911,211.676 to 317,233.590 in males and from 146,171.660 to 62,926.660 in females for ASDALY.The global HBRCBs was becoming more uniform due to the globalization of human behaviors.Conclusions This study revealed the significance of addressing HBRCBs as a uniform and continuous issue in future global health promotion.It also demonstrated the potential existence of a chain effect in global health,where globalization leads to human behavior homogenization,which in turn results in HBRCB convergence.Properly measuring the commonalities and individualities among different regions and finding a balance when designing and evaluating HBRCB-related global policies in the global convergence trend of HBRCBs will be major concerns in the future.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018SHZDZX01,China)ZJ Lab,Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.18ZR1405700,China)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Fund Nos.81773283 and 81901697)Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.18YF1403000,China)Shanghai Chest Hospital Project of Collaborative Innovation(Grant No.YJXT20190203,China)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure(SKL201908SIC,China)。
文摘Tumor-targeted immunotherapy is a remarkable breakthrough,offering the inimitable advantage of specific tumoricidal effects with reduced immune-associated cytotoxicity.However,existing platforms suffer from low efficacy,inability to induce strong immunogenic cell death(ICD),and restrained capacity of transforming immune-deserted tumors into immune-cultivated ones.Here,an innovative platform,perfluorooctyl bromide(PFOB)nanoemulsions holding MnO_(2) nanoparticles(MBP),was developed to orchestrate cancer immunotherapy,serving as a theranostic nanoagent for MRI/CT dual-modality imaging and advanced ICD.By simultaneously depleting the GSH and eliciting the ICD effect via highintensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy,the MBP nanomedicine can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment by inducing maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and facilitating the activation of CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)T cells.The synergistic GSH depletion and HIFU ablation also amplify the inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastasis.Together,these findings inaugurate a new strategy of tumor-targeted immunotherapy,realizing a novel therapeutics paradigm with great clinical significance.
基金funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Currently,standard protocols for body imaging and corresponding image processing pipelines in population-based cohort studies are unavailable,limiting the applications of body imaging.Based on the China Phenobank Project(CHPP),the present study described a body imaging protocol for multiple organs,including cardiac structures,liver,spleen,pancreas,kidneys,lung,prostate,and uterus,and the corresponding image processing pipelines promoted its development.Briefly,the body imaging protocol comprised a 40-min cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan,a 5-min computed tomography(CT)scan,a 20-min abdominal MRI scan,and a 10-min pelvic MRI scan.The recommended image processing pipeline utilized deep learning segmentation models to facilitate the analysis of large amount of data.This study aimed to provide a reference for planning studies based on the CHPP platform.
