Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide.Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction.However,th...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide.Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction.However,the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health,such as ovarian dysfunction,are scarce.In this case-control study,the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure(POF)and reproductive hormones in Chinese women were investigated,with recruiting 157 POF patients and 217 healthy women.The serum levels of 12 types of PAHs,as well as reproductive hormones,including follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone and anti-mullerian hormone,were determined.In the logistic regression models,most individual PAH congeners showed significantly positive correlations with the risk of POF(p<0.05),except for fluorine and pyrene.Benzo(a)pyrene(BaP),as the most carcinogenic PAH congener,was observed to be significantly positively associated with the risk of POF.After adjustment for age,body mass index,educational levels and household income,per one-unit increase in the log-transformed BaP concentration was significantly correlated with 2.191-fold increased risk of POF(OR=2.191,95%CI:1.634-2.938,p<0.05).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to report an association between internal exposure levels of PAHs and the increased risk of POF in women.展开更多
Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen variations in foraminiferal shells have been widely used in paleo-environment studies.However,studies about the shells of benthic foraminifera in methanehydrate-bearing sediments a...Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen variations in foraminiferal shells have been widely used in paleo-environment studies.However,studies about the shells of benthic foraminifera in methanehydrate-bearing sediments as reliable geochemical proxies to reconstruct the potential methane release events in the geologic past are rare.In this study,we present the stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of fossil benthic foraminifera including one epifaunal species(Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi)and two infaunal species(Bulimina mexicana and Uvigerina peregrina)from the Site U1447 of IODP 353 Expedition to trace methane events in the Andaman Sea,where one of the thickest and deepest gas hydrate stability zones was discovered.Theδ^(13)C values of benthic foraminifera show that there are eight distinct intervals with negative values in the last~10 Myr,interpreted as a record of long-term fluctuations in methane emission.Six of these methane events occurred during the glacial sea-level lowstands in the last~1.1 Myr.We,therefore,infer that the trigger mechanism for these events might be the hydrate destabilization caused by sea level fall.The methane events that occurred at~2.11 and~5.93 Ma are more likely related to the sudden changes in sedimentation,either slide events or marked variations in sedimentation rate.展开更多
Global positioning system (GPS) for vehicle applications in the urban area is challenged by low signal intensity. The carrier loop based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) can obtain a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) ga...Global positioning system (GPS) for vehicle applications in the urban area is challenged by low signal intensity. The carrier loop based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) can obtain a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) gain by increasing the observation time. However, this leads to a major problem that the acceleration cannot be ignored. The performance of the FFT-based loop will decline with the acceleration increasing. This paper discusses the effect of the dynamic on FFT first. Then a high performance carrier tracking loop for weak GPS L5 signals is proposed. It combines discrete chirp-Fourier transform (DCFT) and the phase fitting method to estimate Doppler frequency and Doppler rate simultaneously. First, a sequence of integration results is used to perform DCFT to estimate coarse Doppler frequency and Doppler rate. Second, the phase of the sequence is calculated and used to perform linear fitting. By the phase fitting method, the fine Doppler frequency and Doppler rate can be estimated. The computation cost is small because the integration results are used and the phase fitting method needs only coarse estimates of Doppler frequency and Doppler rate. Compared with FFT and DCFT, the precision of the phase fitting method is not limited by the resolution. Thus the proposed loop can get high precision and low carrier to noise ratio (C/N-0) tracking threshold. Simulation results show this loop has a great improvement than conventional loops for urban weak-signal applications.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases,representing significant food safety and public health challenges globally,are not welldocumented in terms of incidence,particularly for cases characterized by...What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases,representing significant food safety and public health challenges globally,are not welldocumented in terms of incidence,particularly for cases characterized by acute gastroenteritis(AGI)in China.What is added by this report?This study developed a pyramid model to estimate the incidence of five pathogens,stratified by gender and age.The estimated incidences per 100,000 people with 95%uncertainty intervals(UI)are as follows:Norovirus,3,188.28(95%UI:2,518.03,7,296.96);Salmonella spp.,1,295.59(95%UI:1,002.62,1,573.11);diarrheagenic E.coli(DEC),782.62(95%UI:651.19,932.05);Vibrio parahaemolyticus,404.06(95%UI:342.19,468.93);and Shigella spp.,26.73(95%UI:21.05,33.46).What are the implications for public health practice?This study elucidates the incidence rates across various gender and age groups,thereby identifying priority populations for targeted preventive interventions aimed at reducing disease burden.These insights are crucial for the development of public health policies and management of food safety risks.展开更多
Stellar ranging is the basis for stellar dynamics research and in-depth research on astrophysics. The parallax method is the most widely used and important basic method for stellar ranging. However, it needs to perfor...Stellar ranging is the basis for stellar dynamics research and in-depth research on astrophysics. The parallax method is the most widely used and important basic method for stellar ranging. However, it needs to perform highprecision measurement of the parallax angle and the baseline length together. We aim to propose a new stellar ranging scheme based on second-order correlation that does not require a parallax angle measurement. We hope our solution can be as basic as the parallax method. We propose a new stellar ranging scheme by using the offset of second-order correlation curve signals. The optical path difference between the stars and different base stations is determined by the offset of the second-order correlation curve signals. Then the distance of the stars could be determined by the geometric relation. With the distance to stars out to 10 kpc away, our astrometric precision can be better compared to Gaia by simulation. We also design an experiment and successfully demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme. This stellar ranging scheme enables further and more accurate stellar ranging without requiring any prior information or angle measurement.展开更多
With the high-speed development of decentralized applications,account-based blockchain platforms have become a hotbed of various financial scams and hacks due to their anonymity and high financial value.Financial secu...With the high-speed development of decentralized applications,account-based blockchain platforms have become a hotbed of various financial scams and hacks due to their anonymity and high financial value.Financial security has become a top priority with the sustainable development of blockchain-based platforms because of an increasing number of cyber attacks,which have resulted in a huge loss of crypto assets in recent years.Therefore,it is imperative to study the real-time detection of cyber attacks to facilitate effective supervision and regulation.To this end,this paper proposes the weighted and extended isolation forest algorithms and designs a novel framework for the real-time detection of cyber-attack transactions by thoroughly studying and summarizing real-world examples.Furthermore,this study develops a new detection approach for locating the compromised address of a cyber attack to resolve the data scarcity of hack addresses and reduce time consumption.Moreover,three experiments are carried out not only to apply on different types of cyber attacks but also to compare the proposed approach with the widely used existing methods.The results demonstrate the high efficiency and generality of the proposed approach.Finally,the lower time consumption and robustness of our method were validated through additional experiments.In conclusion,the proposed blockchain-oriented approach in this study can handle real-time detection of cyber attacks and has significant scope for applications.展开更多
The liberty of expression is one of the most important values in the human society, and a tolerant, unconstrained social atmosphere can provide personal development with a healthy and harmonious environment. Since the...The liberty of expression is one of the most important values in the human society, and a tolerant, unconstrained social atmosphere can provide personal development with a healthy and harmonious environment. Since the modern times, the liberty of expression has been gradually deemed by academic circles and all walks of life as a basic human right, and also has been fixed as a basic right of citizens through the legal form. The purpose of this paper is to clearly analyze the kernel and value of the liberty of expression through a historical review, so as to specifically sort out the development course of the liberty of expression and also excavate its implied meanings. In addition, the embodiment of the liberty of expression in both theory and practice since the modern times is analyzed around the limit theory of the liberty of expression, and then the opinions of the author are drawn up. Thus, some new ideas and views are provided for the future development of the liberty of expression from a new perspective.展开更多
The genus Arcobacter has been associated with illnesses in both animals and humans,where Arcobacter butzleri,Arcobacter cryaerophilus,and Arcobacter skirrowii have been linked to numerous cases of gastrointestinal dis...The genus Arcobacter has been associated with illnesses in both animals and humans,where Arcobacter butzleri,Arcobacter cryaerophilus,and Arcobacter skirrowii have been linked to numerous cases of gastrointestinal diseases in humans.While isolated instances of Arcobacter infection have been reported in certain areas,comprehensive data reflecting the global impact of Arcobacter infection are lacking.This meta-analysis was conducted with the objective of assessing the aggregated prevalence of Arcobacter across diverse sources on a global scale.We conducted a thor-ough literature search of the Scopus,PubMed,and ScienceDirect databases to identify studies published from 1992 to 2022 on Arcobacter prevalence in humans and food-producing animals.We utilized multilevel random effects meta-analysis models to gauge the average occurrence of Arcobacter and to examine various factors that could influ-ence incidence outcomes.Seventy-five articles were included in the meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of Arcobac-ter spp.from different sources was 21.9%(95%CI:18.0%-26.1%),and the mean prevalence of A.butzleri,A.cryaero-philus,and A.skirrowii was 15.1%,2.8%,and 0.1%,respectively.Arcobacter spp.had the lowest prevalence in humans(1.8%;95%CI:0.7%-3.3%)and the highest in broilers(38.8%;95%CI:28.0%-50.1%).Among animal-derived food products,carcasses or carcass parts exhibited the highest Arcobacter spp.prevalence of 28.6%(28.6%;95%CI:23.7%-33.7%).This meta-analysis revealed that A.butzleri is the most prevalent Arcobacter species worldwide,with broilers,as well as seafood,being the primary hosts of Arcobacter spp.We recommend developing appropriate prevention strategies and conducting further local in-depth studies to establish the actual epidemiological burden of Arcobacter.展开更多
Salmonella is widely known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens,and antibiotics remain effective in clinical therapies against its infections.To guide better clinical antibiotic treatment,we analyzed the anti...Salmonella is widely known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens,and antibiotics remain effective in clinical therapies against its infections.To guide better clinical antibiotic treatment,we analyzed the antimicrobial resistance(AMR)profiles of a nation-wide collection of 36,822 Salmonella isolates derived from sporadic diarrhea cases in China from 2014 to 2021.A panel of 15 antibiotics,including 10 critically important and 5 highly important antimicrobial agents for human medicine based on the WHO CIA List,was selected for AMR surveillance.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,Enteritidis,I 4,[5],12:i:-,London,and Stanley were turns to be the top five serotypes from human diarrhea cases in China.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of the isolates(87.2%)were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent,and 66.5%were multidrug resistant(MDR).Salmonella isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin(73.4%)while sensitive to imipenem(98.73%).Over the eight years,the isolates were demonstrated generally an increase in resistance to ampicillin,chloramphenicol,trimethoprim-sulfameth-oxazole,and azithromycin,but displayed varied resistance profiles in terms of serotypes.Stanley(0.66-27.18%)and Agona(0.78-45.30%)had lower resistance rates compared to Typhimurium(1.11-85.6%),Enteritidis(1.55-91.29%),and I 4,[5],12:i:-(1.02-94.28%).In conclusion,our results provide systematic data on the resistance characteristics of Salmonella isolates from human diarrhea cases in China.Furthermore,this data identifies priorities for the clinical treatments of antibiotics.展开更多
Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewe...Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewer studies based on long-term,continuous,and systematic sentinel surveillance.Methods:Data were collected from the national foodborne disease active surveillance program in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China from 2013 to 2022.V.parahaemolyticus-positive cases were collected for further analysis in this study.Results:From 2013 to 2022,the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System identified 23,818 cases of V.parahaemolyticus foodborne infection in China.Patient ages ranged from 2 months to 100 years,with an average age of 38.41 years.These cases primarily occurred in coastal areas during summer.A new serotype,O10:K4,emerged in 2020 and has become the dominant serotype over O3:K6.Conclusions:V.parahaemolyticus infection is common in the eastern coastal areas of China and is strongly associated with aquatic food consumption.This study recommends that food regulatory authorities increase routine surveillance and inspection during high-risk periods and in high-risk areas.Authorities should also use social media platforms to conduct extensive public education campaigns on the prevention and control of V.parahaemolyticusassociated foodborne disease.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases present a significant public health concern,particularly in China,where they represent a significant food safety challenge.Currently,there is a need for a thor...What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases present a significant public health concern,particularly in China,where they represent a significant food safety challenge.Currently,there is a need for a thorough and systematic analysis of the extended epidemiological patterns of foodborne diseases in Beijing Municipality.What is added by this report?Monitoring results show that Norovirus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)are the most commonly identified foodborne diarrheal pathogens.Individuals aged 19–30 are at a higher risk of foodborne diarrhea in Beijing,with Salmonella infection being associated with fever symptoms.What are the implications for public health practice?This study analyzes 11 years of consecutive monitoring data to enhance understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of foodborne diarrhea in Beijing.It aims to identify high-risk populations,assist in clinical pathogen identification and treatment,and support the development of tailored preventive strategies.展开更多
The space-air-ground integrated networks(SAGINs)are pivotal for modern communication and surveillance,with a growing number of connected devices.The proliferation of Io T devices within these networks introduces new r...The space-air-ground integrated networks(SAGINs)are pivotal for modern communication and surveillance,with a growing number of connected devices.The proliferation of Io T devices within these networks introduces new risks due to potential erroneous synergistic interactions that could compromise system integrity and security.This paper addresses the challenges in coordination,synchronization,and security within SAGINs by introducing a novel static program analysis(SPA)technique using zero-knowledge(ZK)proofs.This approach ensures the detection of risky interactions without compromising sensitive source code,thus safeguarding intellectual property and privacy.The proposed method overcomes the incompatibility between SPA and ZK systems by developing an imperative programming language for SAGINs and a specialized abstract domain for interaction threats.The system translates network control algorithms into arithmetic circuits suitable for ZK analysis,maintaining high accuracy in detecting risks.Evaluations of real-world scenarios demonstrate the system's efficacy in identifying risky interactions with minimal computational overhead.This research presents the first ZK-based SPA scheme for SAGINs,enhancing security and confidentiality in network analysis while adhering to privacy regulations.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)outbreaks constitute a significant global public health concern,yet comprehensive data on outbreak incidence and epidemiologi...Summary What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)outbreaks constitute a significant global public health concern,yet comprehensive data on outbreak incidence and epidemiological characteristics in China remain limited.What is added by this report?Between 2011 and 2022,there were 413 foodborne DEC outbreaks reported to foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system,resulting in 8,127 illnesses,2,565 hospitalizations,and one fatality.Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli(EAEC)emerged as the predominant causative pathogen(48.82%of outbreaks),with school canteens being the most frequent outbreak setting(21.79%).展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Foodborne diseases present a substantial global health risk.Traditional diagnostic methods have constraints,but advancements in molecular techniques,like quantitative polyme...Summary What is already known on this topic?Foodborne diseases present a substantial global health risk.Traditional diagnostic methods have constraints,but advancements in molecular techniques,like quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),provide a hopeful solution.What is added by this report?We examined 1,011 stool samples from individuals suspected of foodborne illnesses.展开更多
Abstract Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease s...Abstract Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. Vibrioparahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. Salmonella has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. Shigella was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province （Henan） with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms （54.7%） in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported （42.3%） was attributed to V. parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.展开更多
Despite increasing institutional and financial support, certain public health issues are still neglected by the Chinese Government. The present paper examines the soil-transmitted helminth （STH） infection and reinfe...Despite increasing institutional and financial support, certain public health issues are still neglected by the Chinese Government. The present paper examines the soil-transmitted helminth （STH） infection and reinfection rates by conducting a survey on 1724 children in Guizhou Province, China. Our results indicate that 37.5 percent of children had been infected with one or more of the three types of tested STH. However, only 50.4 percent of children reported having taken deworming medicine during the 18-month period before the survey. Of those who reported being dewormed, 34.6 percent tested positive for STH infections. Poverty and number of siblings are significantly and positively correlated with infection and reinfection, and parental education is significantly and negatively correlated with infection and reinfection. Given the ineffectiveness of treatment in these areas to date, for anthelminthic campaigns to actually succeed, China must pay more attention to local- level incentives to improve children＇s health.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science of Foundation of China(No.LQ20B070005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2019FZJD007 and 2019QNA6008)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876151 and 81703236)Project for Zhejiang Medical Technology Program(Nos.2018KY437,2016KYA049 and WKJ-ZJ-1621)
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide.Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction.However,the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health,such as ovarian dysfunction,are scarce.In this case-control study,the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure(POF)and reproductive hormones in Chinese women were investigated,with recruiting 157 POF patients and 217 healthy women.The serum levels of 12 types of PAHs,as well as reproductive hormones,including follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone and anti-mullerian hormone,were determined.In the logistic regression models,most individual PAH congeners showed significantly positive correlations with the risk of POF(p<0.05),except for fluorine and pyrene.Benzo(a)pyrene(BaP),as the most carcinogenic PAH congener,was observed to be significantly positively associated with the risk of POF.After adjustment for age,body mass index,educational levels and household income,per one-unit increase in the log-transformed BaP concentration was significantly correlated with 2.191-fold increased risk of POF(OR=2.191,95%CI:1.634-2.938,p<0.05).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to report an association between internal exposure levels of PAHs and the increased risk of POF in women.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC031000404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42276068)State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University(No.MGK202206)。
文摘Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen variations in foraminiferal shells have been widely used in paleo-environment studies.However,studies about the shells of benthic foraminifera in methanehydrate-bearing sediments as reliable geochemical proxies to reconstruct the potential methane release events in the geologic past are rare.In this study,we present the stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of fossil benthic foraminifera including one epifaunal species(Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi)and two infaunal species(Bulimina mexicana and Uvigerina peregrina)from the Site U1447 of IODP 353 Expedition to trace methane events in the Andaman Sea,where one of the thickest and deepest gas hydrate stability zones was discovered.Theδ^(13)C values of benthic foraminifera show that there are eight distinct intervals with negative values in the last~10 Myr,interpreted as a record of long-term fluctuations in methane emission.Six of these methane events occurred during the glacial sea-level lowstands in the last~1.1 Myr.We,therefore,infer that the trigger mechanism for these events might be the hydrate destabilization caused by sea level fall.The methane events that occurred at~2.11 and~5.93 Ma are more likely related to the sudden changes in sedimentation,either slide events or marked variations in sedimentation rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6140134061573059)the Areo Space T.T.&.C.Innovation Program(201515A)
文摘Global positioning system (GPS) for vehicle applications in the urban area is challenged by low signal intensity. The carrier loop based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) can obtain a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) gain by increasing the observation time. However, this leads to a major problem that the acceleration cannot be ignored. The performance of the FFT-based loop will decline with the acceleration increasing. This paper discusses the effect of the dynamic on FFT first. Then a high performance carrier tracking loop for weak GPS L5 signals is proposed. It combines discrete chirp-Fourier transform (DCFT) and the phase fitting method to estimate Doppler frequency and Doppler rate simultaneously. First, a sequence of integration results is used to perform DCFT to estimate coarse Doppler frequency and Doppler rate. Second, the phase of the sequence is calculated and used to perform linear fitting. By the phase fitting method, the fine Doppler frequency and Doppler rate can be estimated. The computation cost is small because the integration results are used and the phase fitting method needs only coarse estimates of Doppler frequency and Doppler rate. Compared with FFT and DCFT, the precision of the phase fitting method is not limited by the resolution. Thus the proposed loop can get high precision and low carrier to noise ratio (C/N-0) tracking threshold. Simulation results show this loop has a great improvement than conventional loops for urban weak-signal applications.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2022YFC2303900).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases,representing significant food safety and public health challenges globally,are not welldocumented in terms of incidence,particularly for cases characterized by acute gastroenteritis(AGI)in China.What is added by this report?This study developed a pyramid model to estimate the incidence of five pathogens,stratified by gender and age.The estimated incidences per 100,000 people with 95%uncertainty intervals(UI)are as follows:Norovirus,3,188.28(95%UI:2,518.03,7,296.96);Salmonella spp.,1,295.59(95%UI:1,002.62,1,573.11);diarrheagenic E.coli(DEC),782.62(95%UI:651.19,932.05);Vibrio parahaemolyticus,404.06(95%UI:342.19,468.93);and Shigella spp.,26.73(95%UI:21.05,33.46).What are the implications for public health practice?This study elucidates the incidence rates across various gender and age groups,thereby identifying priority populations for targeted preventive interventions aimed at reducing disease burden.These insights are crucial for the development of public health policies and management of food safety risks.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program Earth Observation and Navigation Key Specialities (No. 2018YFB0504300)。
文摘Stellar ranging is the basis for stellar dynamics research and in-depth research on astrophysics. The parallax method is the most widely used and important basic method for stellar ranging. However, it needs to perform highprecision measurement of the parallax angle and the baseline length together. We aim to propose a new stellar ranging scheme based on second-order correlation that does not require a parallax angle measurement. We hope our solution can be as basic as the parallax method. We propose a new stellar ranging scheme by using the offset of second-order correlation curve signals. The optical path difference between the stars and different base stations is determined by the offset of the second-order correlation curve signals. Then the distance of the stars could be determined by the geometric relation. With the distance to stars out to 10 kpc away, our astrometric precision can be better compared to Gaia by simulation. We also design an experiment and successfully demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme. This stellar ranging scheme enables further and more accurate stellar ranging without requiring any prior information or angle measurement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72171059,71771041,72121001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRFCU5710000220)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.YQ2020G003).
文摘With the high-speed development of decentralized applications,account-based blockchain platforms have become a hotbed of various financial scams and hacks due to their anonymity and high financial value.Financial security has become a top priority with the sustainable development of blockchain-based platforms because of an increasing number of cyber attacks,which have resulted in a huge loss of crypto assets in recent years.Therefore,it is imperative to study the real-time detection of cyber attacks to facilitate effective supervision and regulation.To this end,this paper proposes the weighted and extended isolation forest algorithms and designs a novel framework for the real-time detection of cyber-attack transactions by thoroughly studying and summarizing real-world examples.Furthermore,this study develops a new detection approach for locating the compromised address of a cyber attack to resolve the data scarcity of hack addresses and reduce time consumption.Moreover,three experiments are carried out not only to apply on different types of cyber attacks but also to compare the proposed approach with the widely used existing methods.The results demonstrate the high efficiency and generality of the proposed approach.Finally,the lower time consumption and robustness of our method were validated through additional experiments.In conclusion,the proposed blockchain-oriented approach in this study can handle real-time detection of cyber attacks and has significant scope for applications.
文摘The liberty of expression is one of the most important values in the human society, and a tolerant, unconstrained social atmosphere can provide personal development with a healthy and harmonious environment. Since the modern times, the liberty of expression has been gradually deemed by academic circles and all walks of life as a basic human right, and also has been fixed as a basic right of citizens through the legal form. The purpose of this paper is to clearly analyze the kernel and value of the liberty of expression through a historical review, so as to specifically sort out the development course of the liberty of expression and also excavate its implied meanings. In addition, the embodiment of the liberty of expression in both theory and practice since the modern times is analyzed around the limit theory of the liberty of expression, and then the opinions of the author are drawn up. Thus, some new ideas and views are provided for the future development of the liberty of expression from a new perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32225048)the Capital High-level Public Health Technical Talent Development Project(2022-3-027).
文摘The genus Arcobacter has been associated with illnesses in both animals and humans,where Arcobacter butzleri,Arcobacter cryaerophilus,and Arcobacter skirrowii have been linked to numerous cases of gastrointestinal diseases in humans.While isolated instances of Arcobacter infection have been reported in certain areas,comprehensive data reflecting the global impact of Arcobacter infection are lacking.This meta-analysis was conducted with the objective of assessing the aggregated prevalence of Arcobacter across diverse sources on a global scale.We conducted a thor-ough literature search of the Scopus,PubMed,and ScienceDirect databases to identify studies published from 1992 to 2022 on Arcobacter prevalence in humans and food-producing animals.We utilized multilevel random effects meta-analysis models to gauge the average occurrence of Arcobacter and to examine various factors that could influ-ence incidence outcomes.Seventy-five articles were included in the meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of Arcobac-ter spp.from different sources was 21.9%(95%CI:18.0%-26.1%),and the mean prevalence of A.butzleri,A.cryaero-philus,and A.skirrowii was 15.1%,2.8%,and 0.1%,respectively.Arcobacter spp.had the lowest prevalence in humans(1.8%;95%CI:0.7%-3.3%)and the highest in broilers(38.8%;95%CI:28.0%-50.1%).Among animal-derived food products,carcasses or carcass parts exhibited the highest Arcobacter spp.prevalence of 28.6%(28.6%;95%CI:23.7%-33.7%).This meta-analysis revealed that A.butzleri is the most prevalent Arcobacter species worldwide,with broilers,as well as seafood,being the primary hosts of Arcobacter spp.We recommend developing appropriate prevention strategies and conducting further local in-depth studies to establish the actual epidemiological burden of Arcobacter.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2022YFC2303900).
文摘Salmonella is widely known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens,and antibiotics remain effective in clinical therapies against its infections.To guide better clinical antibiotic treatment,we analyzed the antimicrobial resistance(AMR)profiles of a nation-wide collection of 36,822 Salmonella isolates derived from sporadic diarrhea cases in China from 2014 to 2021.A panel of 15 antibiotics,including 10 critically important and 5 highly important antimicrobial agents for human medicine based on the WHO CIA List,was selected for AMR surveillance.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,Enteritidis,I 4,[5],12:i:-,London,and Stanley were turns to be the top five serotypes from human diarrhea cases in China.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of the isolates(87.2%)were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent,and 66.5%were multidrug resistant(MDR).Salmonella isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin(73.4%)while sensitive to imipenem(98.73%).Over the eight years,the isolates were demonstrated generally an increase in resistance to ampicillin,chloramphenicol,trimethoprim-sulfameth-oxazole,and azithromycin,but displayed varied resistance profiles in terms of serotypes.Stanley(0.66-27.18%)and Agona(0.78-45.30%)had lower resistance rates compared to Typhimurium(1.11-85.6%),Enteritidis(1.55-91.29%),and I 4,[5],12:i:-(1.02-94.28%).In conclusion,our results provide systematic data on the resistance characteristics of Salmonella isolates from human diarrhea cases in China.Furthermore,this data identifies priorities for the clinical treatments of antibiotics.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2602303)the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2023S149)Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan(No.2025KY280).
文摘Introduction:Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is a common foodborne pathogen in coastal areas of China.Most epidemiological studies on V.parahaemolyticus have focused on foodborne disease outbreaks,with fewer studies based on long-term,continuous,and systematic sentinel surveillance.Methods:Data were collected from the national foodborne disease active surveillance program in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China from 2013 to 2022.V.parahaemolyticus-positive cases were collected for further analysis in this study.Results:From 2013 to 2022,the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System identified 23,818 cases of V.parahaemolyticus foodborne infection in China.Patient ages ranged from 2 months to 100 years,with an average age of 38.41 years.These cases primarily occurred in coastal areas during summer.A new serotype,O10:K4,emerged in 2020 and has become the dominant serotype over O3:K6.Conclusions:V.parahaemolyticus infection is common in the eastern coastal areas of China and is strongly associated with aquatic food consumption.This study recommends that food regulatory authorities increase routine surveillance and inspection during high-risk periods and in high-risk areas.Authorities should also use social media platforms to conduct extensive public education campaigns on the prevention and control of V.parahaemolyticusassociated foodborne disease.
基金All members from the participating CDCs for their contributions.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diseases present a significant public health concern,particularly in China,where they represent a significant food safety challenge.Currently,there is a need for a thorough and systematic analysis of the extended epidemiological patterns of foodborne diseases in Beijing Municipality.What is added by this report?Monitoring results show that Norovirus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)are the most commonly identified foodborne diarrheal pathogens.Individuals aged 19–30 are at a higher risk of foodborne diarrhea in Beijing,with Salmonella infection being associated with fever symptoms.What are the implications for public health practice?This study analyzes 11 years of consecutive monitoring data to enhance understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of foodborne diarrhea in Beijing.It aims to identify high-risk populations,assist in clinical pathogen identification and treatment,and support the development of tailored preventive strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62232002,62202051)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB2700500 and 2021YFB2700503)+7 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2021M700435,2021TQ0042)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies(Grant No.2022B1212010005)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B0101400003)the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Mobile Application Innovation and Governance TechnologyMinistry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.2023IFS080601-K)the Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects(Grant No.202302AD080003)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001)
文摘The space-air-ground integrated networks(SAGINs)are pivotal for modern communication and surveillance,with a growing number of connected devices.The proliferation of Io T devices within these networks introduces new risks due to potential erroneous synergistic interactions that could compromise system integrity and security.This paper addresses the challenges in coordination,synchronization,and security within SAGINs by introducing a novel static program analysis(SPA)technique using zero-knowledge(ZK)proofs.This approach ensures the detection of risky interactions without compromising sensitive source code,thus safeguarding intellectual property and privacy.The proposed method overcomes the incompatibility between SPA and ZK systems by developing an imperative programming language for SAGINs and a specialized abstract domain for interaction threats.The system translates network control algorithms into arithmetic circuits suitable for ZK analysis,maintaining high accuracy in detecting risks.Evaluations of real-world scenarios demonstrate the system's efficacy in identifying risky interactions with minimal computational overhead.This research presents the first ZK-based SPA scheme for SAGINs,enhancing security and confidentiality in network analysis while adhering to privacy regulations.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2303905).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Foodborne diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)outbreaks constitute a significant global public health concern,yet comprehensive data on outbreak incidence and epidemiological characteristics in China remain limited.What is added by this report?Between 2011 and 2022,there were 413 foodborne DEC outbreaks reported to foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system,resulting in 8,127 illnesses,2,565 hospitalizations,and one fatality.Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli(EAEC)emerged as the predominant causative pathogen(48.82%of outbreaks),with school canteens being the most frequent outbreak setting(21.79%).
基金Supported by the Capital High-level Public Health Technical Talent Development Project(2022-3-027).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Foodborne diseases present a substantial global health risk.Traditional diagnostic methods have constraints,but advancements in molecular techniques,like quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),provide a hopeful solution.What is added by this report?We examined 1,011 stool samples from individuals suspected of foodborne illnesses.
文摘Abstract Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. Vibrioparahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. Salmonella has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. Shigella was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province （Henan） with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms （54.7%） in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported （42.3%） was attributed to V. parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.
基金funding support from the CAS(Grant No.KZZD-EW-06-02)
文摘Despite increasing institutional and financial support, certain public health issues are still neglected by the Chinese Government. The present paper examines the soil-transmitted helminth （STH） infection and reinfection rates by conducting a survey on 1724 children in Guizhou Province, China. Our results indicate that 37.5 percent of children had been infected with one or more of the three types of tested STH. However, only 50.4 percent of children reported having taken deworming medicine during the 18-month period before the survey. Of those who reported being dewormed, 34.6 percent tested positive for STH infections. Poverty and number of siblings are significantly and positively correlated with infection and reinfection, and parental education is significantly and negatively correlated with infection and reinfection. Given the ineffectiveness of treatment in these areas to date, for anthelminthic campaigns to actually succeed, China must pay more attention to local- level incentives to improve children＇s health.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2015CB856600, 2016YFA0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21422209,21432011,21421091,21572255)Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB20000000).
