Background Eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades.However,patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well docume...Background Eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades.However,patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well documented.Aims This pilot study used eye-tracking technology to investigate attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases of schizophrenia.Methods This study included 78 persons at clinical high risk(CHR)for schizophrenia,68 first-episode(FEZ)patients,and 39 chronically ill patients from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extending Project(SHARP Extending cohort)as well as 74 healthy controls(HCs).The experiment was an unguided-viewing task composed of 24 trials showing three types of pictures which varied in the degree of interpersonal communication.Type 1 was a scenery picture without people,type 2 was a picture with four people not communicating,and type 3 was a picture with four people communicating.We used two measures:(1)initial fixation duration and(2)total fixation duration.Results A ratio for both measures was calculated between measures for pictures with more or less interpersonal communication.The ratio of initial fixation duration for pictures with people communicating versus pictures with people not communicating was lowest in chronically ill patients(0.13(0.34))compared with HCs(0.31(0.36)),FEZ patients(0.31(0.46)),and CHR patients(0.36(0.42)).The difference in the ratios of initial fixation duration for type 2 and type 3 pictures was also significant for female participants(HCs vs chronically ill patients,t=2.706,p=0.009;CHR patients vs chronically ill patients,t=4.079,p<0.001).In addition,the ratio of initial fixation duration on pictures with people not communicating versus pictures without people negatively correlated with participants’high-risk symptoms(r=−0.35,p=0.002)among the CHR group and also correlated with the negative symptom subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)among chronically ill patients(r=−0.33,p=0.037).The ratio of initial fixation duration between type 1 and type 3 pictures was associated with PANSS negative symptoms only in female patients with schizophrenia(r=−0.46,p=0.004).Conclusions These findings suggest an altered attentive bias towards pictures with a high degree of interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases in schizophrenia.The ratio of initial attentive orienting was associated with negative symptoms in female patients.展开更多
It’s known that the pulverization-densification mechanism of metal hydride may cause the stress accumulation in metal hydrides reactors. In this paper, this idea is proved based on granulometry and a new idea of cycl...It’s known that the pulverization-densification mechanism of metal hydride may cause the stress accumulation in metal hydrides reactors. In this paper, this idea is proved based on granulometry and a new idea of cycling compression effect is presented, which is caused by the friction between wall and metal hydrides. Through theoretical analysis, the cycling compression effects is shown to increase the localized packing rate from top to down in vertical-placed reactors and thus lead to the maximum deformation in the bottom of reactors, proving that it is the interaction of pulverization-densification effect and cycling compression effect resulting in the stress problems of vertical-placed reactors. Further study points that the effective methods relieving the cycling compress effect are to decrease hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle number, slenderness ratio of reactor, wall friction factor and initial packing rate, or to lower the thermal conductivity and the volume expansion coefficient of metal hydrides.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that are believed to have a significant role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Cancer stem cells play a major role in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug re...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that are believed to have a significant role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Cancer stem cells play a major role in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research has shown that miRNAs can promote or inhibit the sternness of cancer stem cells and regulate the differentiation and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. In this article, the phenotype and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in cancer stem cells will be described, together with an explanation of their potential role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)mesoporous metal-oxide(hydroxide)nanomaterials with defects are promising towards the realization of efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,we report a facile and effective one-pot solvothermal route to ...Two-dimensional(2D)mesoporous metal-oxide(hydroxide)nanomaterials with defects are promising towards the realization of efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,we report a facile and effective one-pot solvothermal route to synthesize mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid nanosheets(NSs)which is composed of crystalline Mo_(4)O_(11) and amorphous cobalt hydroxide.Due to the corrosion of 1-octylamine at high temperatures,abundant mesoporous holes are created in situ over the Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid NSs during the solvothermal process,which is beneficial to increasing the electrochemical surface area.The dimension of the Mox-Co-O NSs,size of mesoporous and the concentration of defects can be easily modulated by controlling the molar ratio of Mo/Co.Electrochemical measurements reveal that the 2D mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O NSs show an excellent activity for the oxygen evolution reaction with the highest catalytic activity of η_(10)=276 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)in 1 mol L^(−1)KOH.Enhanced adsorption of intermediates and abundant oxygen vacancies achieved by appropriate Mo doping are the two main factors that contribute to the excellent catalytic activity of Mo_(0.2)-Co-O NSs.This work,with the construction of 2D metal-oxide(hydroxide)crystallineamorphous nanomaterials possessing abundant holes,oxygen vacancies and enhanced adsorption of intermediates,provides important insight on the design of more efficient catalysts.展开更多
To identify novel regulators of stem cell renewal,we mined an existing but little explored cell typespecific transcriptome dataset for the Arabidopsis root.A member of the TGA family of transcription factors,TGA8,was ...To identify novel regulators of stem cell renewal,we mined an existing but little explored cell typespecific transcriptome dataset for the Arabidopsis root.A member of the TGA family of transcription factors,TGA8,was found to be specifically expressed in the quiescent center(QC).Mutation in TGA8 caused a subtle root growth phenotype,suggesting functional redundancy with other TGA members.Using a promoter::HGFP transgenic approach,we showed that all TGA factors were expressed in the root,albeit at different levels and with distinct spatial patterns.Mutant analyses revealed that all TGA factors examined contribute to root growth by promoting stem cell renewal,meristem activity,and cell elongation.Combining transcriptome analyses,histochemical assays,and physiological tests,we demonstrated that functional redundancy exists among members of cladesⅡandⅤor those in cladesⅠandⅢ.These two groups of TGA factors act differently,however,as their mutants responded to oxidative stress differently and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays showed they regulate different sets of genes that are involved in redox homeostasis.Our study has thus uncovered a previously unrecognized broad role and a mechanistic explanation for TGA factors in root growth and development.展开更多
Rapid advancement over the past decades in nanomanufacturing has led to the realization of a broad range of nanostructures such as nanoparticles,nanotubes,and nanowires.The unique mechanical,chemical,and electrical pr...Rapid advancement over the past decades in nanomanufacturing has led to the realization of a broad range of nanostructures such as nanoparticles,nanotubes,and nanowires.The unique mechanical,chemical,and electrical properties of these nanostructures have made them increasingly desired as key components in industrial and commercial applications.As the geometric dimension of nano-manufactured products is on the sub-micron to nanometer scale,different mechanisms and effects are involved in the nanomanufacturing process as compared to those for macro-scale manufacturing.Although direct measurement methods using atomic force microscopy and electron beam microscopy can determine the dimensions of the nano structure with high accuracy,these methods are not suited for online process control and quality assurance.In comparison,indirect measurement methods analyze in-process parameters as the basis for inferring the dimensional variations in the nano products,thereby enabling online feedback for process control and quality assurance.This paper provides a comprehensive review of relevant indirect measurement methods,starting with their respective working principles,and subsequently discussing their characteristics and applications in terms of two different approaches:data-based and physicsbased methods.Relevant mathematical and physics models for each of the methods are summarized,together with the associated effect of key process parameters on the quality of the final product.Based on the comprehensive literature conducted,it was found that:(1)indirect measurement,especially the data-based method,plays a critical role when it comes to online process control and quality assurance in nanomanufacturing,because of the short processing time compared to the direct method,and(2)physics-based method is providing a way to optimize the process set up for desired geometrical dimensions.展开更多
文摘Background Eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades.However,patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well documented.Aims This pilot study used eye-tracking technology to investigate attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases of schizophrenia.Methods This study included 78 persons at clinical high risk(CHR)for schizophrenia,68 first-episode(FEZ)patients,and 39 chronically ill patients from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extending Project(SHARP Extending cohort)as well as 74 healthy controls(HCs).The experiment was an unguided-viewing task composed of 24 trials showing three types of pictures which varied in the degree of interpersonal communication.Type 1 was a scenery picture without people,type 2 was a picture with four people not communicating,and type 3 was a picture with four people communicating.We used two measures:(1)initial fixation duration and(2)total fixation duration.Results A ratio for both measures was calculated between measures for pictures with more or less interpersonal communication.The ratio of initial fixation duration for pictures with people communicating versus pictures with people not communicating was lowest in chronically ill patients(0.13(0.34))compared with HCs(0.31(0.36)),FEZ patients(0.31(0.46)),and CHR patients(0.36(0.42)).The difference in the ratios of initial fixation duration for type 2 and type 3 pictures was also significant for female participants(HCs vs chronically ill patients,t=2.706,p=0.009;CHR patients vs chronically ill patients,t=4.079,p<0.001).In addition,the ratio of initial fixation duration on pictures with people not communicating versus pictures without people negatively correlated with participants’high-risk symptoms(r=−0.35,p=0.002)among the CHR group and also correlated with the negative symptom subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)among chronically ill patients(r=−0.33,p=0.037).The ratio of initial fixation duration between type 1 and type 3 pictures was associated with PANSS negative symptoms only in female patients with schizophrenia(r=−0.46,p=0.004).Conclusions These findings suggest an altered attentive bias towards pictures with a high degree of interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases in schizophrenia.The ratio of initial attentive orienting was associated with negative symptoms in female patients.
文摘It’s known that the pulverization-densification mechanism of metal hydride may cause the stress accumulation in metal hydrides reactors. In this paper, this idea is proved based on granulometry and a new idea of cycling compression effect is presented, which is caused by the friction between wall and metal hydrides. Through theoretical analysis, the cycling compression effects is shown to increase the localized packing rate from top to down in vertical-placed reactors and thus lead to the maximum deformation in the bottom of reactors, proving that it is the interaction of pulverization-densification effect and cycling compression effect resulting in the stress problems of vertical-placed reactors. Further study points that the effective methods relieving the cycling compress effect are to decrease hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle number, slenderness ratio of reactor, wall friction factor and initial packing rate, or to lower the thermal conductivity and the volume expansion coefficient of metal hydrides.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that are believed to have a significant role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Cancer stem cells play a major role in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research has shown that miRNAs can promote or inhibit the sternness of cancer stem cells and regulate the differentiation and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. In this article, the phenotype and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in cancer stem cells will be described, together with an explanation of their potential role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1505802)the Ministry of Science and Technology(2017YFA0208200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22025108,U21A20327,and 22121001)the Start-up Funds from Xiamen University.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)mesoporous metal-oxide(hydroxide)nanomaterials with defects are promising towards the realization of efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,we report a facile and effective one-pot solvothermal route to synthesize mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid nanosheets(NSs)which is composed of crystalline Mo_(4)O_(11) and amorphous cobalt hydroxide.Due to the corrosion of 1-octylamine at high temperatures,abundant mesoporous holes are created in situ over the Mo_(x)-Co-O hybrid NSs during the solvothermal process,which is beneficial to increasing the electrochemical surface area.The dimension of the Mox-Co-O NSs,size of mesoporous and the concentration of defects can be easily modulated by controlling the molar ratio of Mo/Co.Electrochemical measurements reveal that the 2D mesoporous Mo_(x)-Co-O NSs show an excellent activity for the oxygen evolution reaction with the highest catalytic activity of η_(10)=276 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)in 1 mol L^(−1)KOH.Enhanced adsorption of intermediates and abundant oxygen vacancies achieved by appropriate Mo doping are the two main factors that contribute to the excellent catalytic activity of Mo_(0.2)-Co-O NSs.This work,with the construction of 2D metal-oxide(hydroxide)crystallineamorphous nanomaterials possessing abundant holes,oxygen vacancies and enhanced adsorption of intermediates,provides important insight on the design of more efficient catalysts.
基金supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation China(31871493)funds from the Northwest A&F University and Florida State University。
文摘To identify novel regulators of stem cell renewal,we mined an existing but little explored cell typespecific transcriptome dataset for the Arabidopsis root.A member of the TGA family of transcription factors,TGA8,was found to be specifically expressed in the quiescent center(QC).Mutation in TGA8 caused a subtle root growth phenotype,suggesting functional redundancy with other TGA members.Using a promoter::HGFP transgenic approach,we showed that all TGA factors were expressed in the root,albeit at different levels and with distinct spatial patterns.Mutant analyses revealed that all TGA factors examined contribute to root growth by promoting stem cell renewal,meristem activity,and cell elongation.Combining transcriptome analyses,histochemical assays,and physiological tests,we demonstrated that functional redundancy exists among members of cladesⅡandⅤor those in cladesⅠandⅢ.These two groups of TGA factors act differently,however,as their mutants responded to oxidative stress differently and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays showed they regulate different sets of genes that are involved in redox homeostasis.Our study has thus uncovered a previously unrecognized broad role and a mechanistic explanation for TGA factors in root growth and development.
文摘Rapid advancement over the past decades in nanomanufacturing has led to the realization of a broad range of nanostructures such as nanoparticles,nanotubes,and nanowires.The unique mechanical,chemical,and electrical properties of these nanostructures have made them increasingly desired as key components in industrial and commercial applications.As the geometric dimension of nano-manufactured products is on the sub-micron to nanometer scale,different mechanisms and effects are involved in the nanomanufacturing process as compared to those for macro-scale manufacturing.Although direct measurement methods using atomic force microscopy and electron beam microscopy can determine the dimensions of the nano structure with high accuracy,these methods are not suited for online process control and quality assurance.In comparison,indirect measurement methods analyze in-process parameters as the basis for inferring the dimensional variations in the nano products,thereby enabling online feedback for process control and quality assurance.This paper provides a comprehensive review of relevant indirect measurement methods,starting with their respective working principles,and subsequently discussing their characteristics and applications in terms of two different approaches:data-based and physicsbased methods.Relevant mathematical and physics models for each of the methods are summarized,together with the associated effect of key process parameters on the quality of the final product.Based on the comprehensive literature conducted,it was found that:(1)indirect measurement,especially the data-based method,plays a critical role when it comes to online process control and quality assurance in nanomanufacturing,because of the short processing time compared to the direct method,and(2)physics-based method is providing a way to optimize the process set up for desired geometrical dimensions.
