Ciliates in the order Metopida exhibit a global distribution and play essential roles as consumers of and common hosts to prokaryotes in both hypoxic and anoxic environments.Based on detailed morphological and morphom...Ciliates in the order Metopida exhibit a global distribution and play essential roles as consumers of and common hosts to prokaryotes in both hypoxic and anoxic environments.Based on detailed morphological and morphometric data of Meto-pus es and Brachonella contorta,type species of two common and relatively species-rich metopid genera,we investigate the morphogenesis,and molecular phylogeny of each,and analyze the secondary structure of the V9 region of their 18S rRNA gene sequences.The new findings include:(1)These two species present two different stomatogenetic modes,which are stable within their respective genera and each can be regarded as a reliable generic feature for differentiation.(2)Both species share the same outcome regarding the parental oral apparatus,i.e.,the old paroral membrane and adoral zone of membranelles are entirely reorganized in situ in the proter.(3)The paroral membrane is diplostichomonadal in the examined isolates,a feature which has long been overlooked and may be enigmatically present in other previously described popula-tions.As concerns their phylogeny,the clear delineation of each species is supported by the high conservation of SSU rRNA gene sequences,and the close phylogenetic clustering,of different populations of each species from geographically distant localities.In agreement with previous phylogenetic studies,the MeBr clade(Metopus,including M.es and marine/brackish Metopus members,and all Brachonella species)is recovered repeatedly with moderate to high support.展开更多
Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collabor...Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collaborations,the Laboratory of Protozoology at Ocean University of China(OUC-group)has conducted detailed research on ciliate phylogeny based on expanded taxonomic sampling,employing single gene as well as multi-gene markers,and phylogenomic datasets.We have systematically investigated>1000 ciliate species spanning~40 orders,sampled from diverse biotopes including marine environments in China seas and freshwater wetlands.This comprehensive sampling has generated three key datasets:(1)genomic DNA extracts from~2600 strains,(2)~2300 sequences of marker genes,and(3)single-cell genomic and/or transcriptomic datasets from~120 species.Based on these datasets,the phylogenetic relationships covering all classes and most orders have been thoroughly reconstructed and investigated,resulting in the establishment of 93 new supraspecies taxa comprising two classes(Mesodiniea and Protocruziea),two subclasses(Protohypotrichia and Synhymenia),two orders(Wilbertomorphida and Lynnellida),11 families,and 76 genera.Moreover,we have reconstructed a genome-scale tree of life for ciliates and provided an updated classification of the phylum Ciliophora.Furthermore,based on the robust phylogenetic tree of ciliates,we provide more reliable estimates for the origins and divergence times of the main ciliate groups.Future studies integrating advanced genomics,innovations in culturing and interdisciplinary applications will refine the ciliate tree of life,with broader impacts for our understanding of eukaryotic evolution and biodiversity.展开更多
The Na^(+)/vacancy ordering can effectively affect the electrochemical behavior of P2-type cathode material.In this work we proposed an integrated strategy by attaining a high Na content,In^(3+) doping in conjunction ...The Na^(+)/vacancy ordering can effectively affect the electrochemical behavior of P2-type cathode material.In this work we proposed an integrated strategy by attaining a high Na content,In^(3+) doping in conjunction with NaInO_(2) coating in the P2-Na_(0.75)Mn_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)O_(2) which can inhibit the sodium vacancy order,smooth the electrochemical curve,and enhance the structural stability and rate capability.A combination of X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculation indicate that the In(3+) ions in the Na layer serve as"pillars”to stabilize the layered structure,especially for high current density charging.The P2-Na_(0.75)Mn_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)In_(0.02)O_(2) with an impressive sodium content exhibits a remarkable reversible capacity of 109.6 mAh g^(-1),superior rate capability capacity of 79.8 mAh g^(-1)at 20 C,and 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 5 C.This work demonstrates an efficient approach for the comprehensive optimization of sodium ion cathode materials.展开更多
Free-standing electrodes are promising candidates for flexible rechargeable batteries, toward the application of flexible energy storage devices, due to their merits of additive-free, lightweight, and high energy dens...Free-standing electrodes are promising candidates for flexible rechargeable batteries, toward the application of flexible energy storage devices, due to their merits of additive-free, lightweight, and high energy density. Herein, we report a free-standing SnNb_(2)O_(6)@CSN flexible film with SnNb_(2)O_(6) encapsulated in 3D carbon skeleton nanofibers by electrospinning and carbonization processes as flexible anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs). The 3D carbon skeleton nanofibers serve as ion/electron transport pathway to improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and meanwhile alleviate the volume changes of SnNb_(2)O_(6) during charge-discharge processes. The as-constructed half-cell(SnNb_(2)O_(6)@CSN‖Na) exhibits excellent cycling stability of 99.2 m Ah/g at 0.5 A/g after 950 cycles(coulombic efficiency of ~100%) and a high rate performance of 108.6 mAh/g at 10 A/g. In addition, the pouch cell can light up the LEDs at different bending angles(0°, 90°, 180°). This research shows a promising anode material for flexible energy storage electronics.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant malignant liver tumor,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and rapid progression,and it ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related fatalities worldwide.Its tr...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant malignant liver tumor,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and rapid progression,and it ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related fatalities worldwide.Its treatment is facing the severe challenge of resistance to targeted drugs and immunotherapy.Bile acids(BAs)are products of cholesterol metabolism,that not only regulate lipid digestion and absorption,but also influence the development of HCC by modulating inflammation and metabolism.Dysregulation of BA metabolism is closely linked to resistance against targeted therapies and immunotherapies.BAs reduce the efficacy of targeted drugs by influencing enzymes involved in drug metabolism and drug efflux transporters,moreover,BAs also lead to immunotherapeutic resistance by regulating the formation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Therefore,regulating BA metabolism has the potential to overcome drug resistance of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,which could be a promising treatment strategy.This review not only summarizes the roles of BA metabolism in HCC development and drug resistance,but also further explores the rationality and necessity of targeting BAs to enhance the survival of HCC patients.展开更多
To power large-scale energy storage systems,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)must have not only high-energy density but also high performance under a low-temperature(LT)environment.P2-type manganese oxides with high specific...To power large-scale energy storage systems,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)must have not only high-energy density but also high performance under a low-temperature(LT)environment.P2-type manganese oxides with high specific capacity are promising cathode candidates for SIBs,but their LT applications are limitedly explored.We proposed a P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.8)O_(2) material with outstanding LT performance prepared through reasonable structure modulation.The material offers an excellent Na^(+) diffusion coefficient(approximately 10^(−9)-10^(−7.5) cm^(2) s^(−1))at−20℃,a superior LT discharge capacity of 147.4 mA h g^(−1) in the Na half-cell system,and outstanding LT full cell performance(energy density of 358.3 W h kg^(−1)).Various characterisations and density function theory calculations results show that the solid solution reaction and pseudocapacitive feature promote the diffusion and desolvation of Na+from the bulk electrode to interface,finally achieving superior electrochemical performance at LT.展开更多
Anaerobic protists in general,and ciliates in particular,are important components of anoxic or hypoxic environments,however,their diversity remains underestimated.Sonderia is a poorly studied genus that is distributed...Anaerobic protists in general,and ciliates in particular,are important components of anoxic or hypoxic environments,however,their diversity remains underestimated.Sonderia is a poorly studied genus that is distributed worldwide and is commonly found in anaerobic environments.In the present study,the taxonomy and phylogeny of three new species,namely Sonderia aposinuata sp.nov.,Sonderia paramacrochilus sp.nov.and Sonderia steini sp.nov.,collected from China,were investigated based on microscopic observations and SSU rRNA gene sequencing methods.Sonderia aposinuata sp.nov.is diagnosed mainly by having a relatively large body size,a crescent-shaped oral opening,numerous slender extrusomes,one suture on the ventral side and two on the dorsal side,and a buccal cavity that occupies the anterior third of the cell.Sonderia paramacrochilus sp.nov.closely resembles S.macrochilus but differs mainly by its oral opening being located closer to the anterior cell margin and its spindle-shaped extrusomes.Sonderia steini sp.nov.is a freshwater species that can be recognized by its shallow buccal cavity,sparsely distributed rod-shaped extrusomes,and having 68–79 monokinetidal somatic kineties that form sutures on both sides of the body.Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rRNA)gene sequence data support the monophyly of the family Sonderiidae,however,Sonderia is paraphyletic.The genus Sonderia is briefly revised and a key to the identification of species belonging to this genus is supplied.展开更多
Dear Editor,Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)usually have concomitant chronic liver diseases or cirrhosis,which contribute to a high risk of hepatic decompensation and increasedmortality following the corona...Dear Editor,Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)usually have concomitant chronic liver diseases or cirrhosis,which contribute to a high risk of hepatic decompensation and increasedmortality following the coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)infection[1–3].Worldwide,approximately 54%of HCC cases are associated with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection[1].Cirrhotic patients after curative hepatectomy for HBV-related HCC represent a special group of patients.Although cirrhotic patients have low immunogenicity to Covid-19 vaccination and are recommended to be prioritized for it,the safety and immunogenicity have not been observed in cirrhotic patients with a history of hepatectomy for HCC[2–4].In this study,we explored the immunogenicity and safety after Covid-19 vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis and a history of hepatectomy for HCC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project numbers:42276094,32570528)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project number:842513047)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(Project number:2025M772631).
文摘Ciliates in the order Metopida exhibit a global distribution and play essential roles as consumers of and common hosts to prokaryotes in both hypoxic and anoxic environments.Based on detailed morphological and morphometric data of Meto-pus es and Brachonella contorta,type species of two common and relatively species-rich metopid genera,we investigate the morphogenesis,and molecular phylogeny of each,and analyze the secondary structure of the V9 region of their 18S rRNA gene sequences.The new findings include:(1)These two species present two different stomatogenetic modes,which are stable within their respective genera and each can be regarded as a reliable generic feature for differentiation.(2)Both species share the same outcome regarding the parental oral apparatus,i.e.,the old paroral membrane and adoral zone of membranelles are entirely reorganized in situ in the proter.(3)The paroral membrane is diplostichomonadal in the examined isolates,a feature which has long been overlooked and may be enigmatically present in other previously described popula-tions.As concerns their phylogeny,the clear delineation of each species is supported by the high conservation of SSU rRNA gene sequences,and the close phylogenetic clustering,of different populations of each species from geographically distant localities.In agreement with previous phylogenetic studies,the MeBr clade(Metopus,including M.es and marine/brackish Metopus members,and all Brachonella species)is recovered repeatedly with moderate to high support.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32030015,32270539,32470512,32300368,32370475,32300345)+3 种基金the Young Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202408084)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2023QN03016)Special Research Project for First-class Disciplines of the Department of Education of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(YLXKZX-ND-039)the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-7),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collaborations,the Laboratory of Protozoology at Ocean University of China(OUC-group)has conducted detailed research on ciliate phylogeny based on expanded taxonomic sampling,employing single gene as well as multi-gene markers,and phylogenomic datasets.We have systematically investigated>1000 ciliate species spanning~40 orders,sampled from diverse biotopes including marine environments in China seas and freshwater wetlands.This comprehensive sampling has generated three key datasets:(1)genomic DNA extracts from~2600 strains,(2)~2300 sequences of marker genes,and(3)single-cell genomic and/or transcriptomic datasets from~120 species.Based on these datasets,the phylogenetic relationships covering all classes and most orders have been thoroughly reconstructed and investigated,resulting in the establishment of 93 new supraspecies taxa comprising two classes(Mesodiniea and Protocruziea),two subclasses(Protohypotrichia and Synhymenia),two orders(Wilbertomorphida and Lynnellida),11 families,and 76 genera.Moreover,we have reconstructed a genome-scale tree of life for ciliates and provided an updated classification of the phylum Ciliophora.Furthermore,based on the robust phylogenetic tree of ciliates,we provide more reliable estimates for the origins and divergence times of the main ciliate groups.Future studies integrating advanced genomics,innovations in culturing and interdisciplinary applications will refine the ciliate tree of life,with broader impacts for our understanding of eukaryotic evolution and biodiversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22179077, 51774251)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission’s “2020 Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan” (20511104003)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation in Shanghai (21ZR1424200)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (B2017203313)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (CG2014003002)。
文摘The Na^(+)/vacancy ordering can effectively affect the electrochemical behavior of P2-type cathode material.In this work we proposed an integrated strategy by attaining a high Na content,In^(3+) doping in conjunction with NaInO_(2) coating in the P2-Na_(0.75)Mn_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)O_(2) which can inhibit the sodium vacancy order,smooth the electrochemical curve,and enhance the structural stability and rate capability.A combination of X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculation indicate that the In(3+) ions in the Na layer serve as"pillars”to stabilize the layered structure,especially for high current density charging.The P2-Na_(0.75)Mn_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)In_(0.02)O_(2) with an impressive sodium content exhibits a remarkable reversible capacity of 109.6 mAh g^(-1),superior rate capability capacity of 79.8 mAh g^(-1)at 20 C,and 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 5 C.This work demonstrates an efficient approach for the comprehensive optimization of sodium ion cathode materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51774251, 22179077)the Natural Science Foundation in Shanghai (No. 21ZR1424200)+2 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission's "2020 Science and Technology In-novation Action Plan" (No. 20511104003)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. B2017203313)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (No. CG2014003002)。
文摘Free-standing electrodes are promising candidates for flexible rechargeable batteries, toward the application of flexible energy storage devices, due to their merits of additive-free, lightweight, and high energy density. Herein, we report a free-standing SnNb_(2)O_(6)@CSN flexible film with SnNb_(2)O_(6) encapsulated in 3D carbon skeleton nanofibers by electrospinning and carbonization processes as flexible anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs). The 3D carbon skeleton nanofibers serve as ion/electron transport pathway to improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and meanwhile alleviate the volume changes of SnNb_(2)O_(6) during charge-discharge processes. The as-constructed half-cell(SnNb_(2)O_(6)@CSN‖Na) exhibits excellent cycling stability of 99.2 m Ah/g at 0.5 A/g after 950 cycles(coulombic efficiency of ~100%) and a high rate performance of 108.6 mAh/g at 10 A/g. In addition, the pouch cell can light up the LEDs at different bending angles(0°, 90°, 180°). This research shows a promising anode material for flexible energy storage electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82270634)Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(grant No.tf2024yzyy01)+1 种基金Excellent Doctoral Cultivation Program of Naval Medical University,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82503372)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number(GZB20250482).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant malignant liver tumor,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and rapid progression,and it ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related fatalities worldwide.Its treatment is facing the severe challenge of resistance to targeted drugs and immunotherapy.Bile acids(BAs)are products of cholesterol metabolism,that not only regulate lipid digestion and absorption,but also influence the development of HCC by modulating inflammation and metabolism.Dysregulation of BA metabolism is closely linked to resistance against targeted therapies and immunotherapies.BAs reduce the efficacy of targeted drugs by influencing enzymes involved in drug metabolism and drug efflux transporters,moreover,BAs also lead to immunotherapeutic resistance by regulating the formation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Therefore,regulating BA metabolism has the potential to overcome drug resistance of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,which could be a promising treatment strategy.This review not only summarizes the roles of BA metabolism in HCC development and drug resistance,but also further explores the rationality and necessity of targeting BAs to enhance the survival of HCC patients.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774251)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission’s"2020 Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"(20511104003)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1424200)Hebei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(B2017203313)Talent Engineering Training Funds of Hebei Province(A201802001)。
文摘To power large-scale energy storage systems,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)must have not only high-energy density but also high performance under a low-temperature(LT)environment.P2-type manganese oxides with high specific capacity are promising cathode candidates for SIBs,but their LT applications are limitedly explored.We proposed a P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.8)O_(2) material with outstanding LT performance prepared through reasonable structure modulation.The material offers an excellent Na^(+) diffusion coefficient(approximately 10^(−9)-10^(−7.5) cm^(2) s^(−1))at−20℃,a superior LT discharge capacity of 147.4 mA h g^(−1) in the Na half-cell system,and outstanding LT full cell performance(energy density of 358.3 W h kg^(−1)).Various characterisations and density function theory calculations results show that the solid solution reaction and pseudocapacitive feature promote the diffusion and desolvation of Na+from the bulk electrode to interface,finally achieving superior electrochemical performance at LT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project number:41976086)the King Saud University,Saudi Arabia(Project No.RSP2022R7).
文摘Anaerobic protists in general,and ciliates in particular,are important components of anoxic or hypoxic environments,however,their diversity remains underestimated.Sonderia is a poorly studied genus that is distributed worldwide and is commonly found in anaerobic environments.In the present study,the taxonomy and phylogeny of three new species,namely Sonderia aposinuata sp.nov.,Sonderia paramacrochilus sp.nov.and Sonderia steini sp.nov.,collected from China,were investigated based on microscopic observations and SSU rRNA gene sequencing methods.Sonderia aposinuata sp.nov.is diagnosed mainly by having a relatively large body size,a crescent-shaped oral opening,numerous slender extrusomes,one suture on the ventral side and two on the dorsal side,and a buccal cavity that occupies the anterior third of the cell.Sonderia paramacrochilus sp.nov.closely resembles S.macrochilus but differs mainly by its oral opening being located closer to the anterior cell margin and its spindle-shaped extrusomes.Sonderia steini sp.nov.is a freshwater species that can be recognized by its shallow buccal cavity,sparsely distributed rod-shaped extrusomes,and having 68–79 monokinetidal somatic kineties that form sutures on both sides of the body.Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rRNA)gene sequence data support the monophyly of the family Sonderiidae,however,Sonderia is paraphyletic.The genus Sonderia is briefly revised and a key to the identification of species belonging to this genus is supplied.
基金the Ethics Committee of Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital(EHBHKY2022-K-003)。
文摘Dear Editor,Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)usually have concomitant chronic liver diseases or cirrhosis,which contribute to a high risk of hepatic decompensation and increasedmortality following the coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)infection[1–3].Worldwide,approximately 54%of HCC cases are associated with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection[1].Cirrhotic patients after curative hepatectomy for HBV-related HCC represent a special group of patients.Although cirrhotic patients have low immunogenicity to Covid-19 vaccination and are recommended to be prioritized for it,the safety and immunogenicity have not been observed in cirrhotic patients with a history of hepatectomy for HCC[2–4].In this study,we explored the immunogenicity and safety after Covid-19 vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis and a history of hepatectomy for HCC.
