Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with low early detection rates and poor prognoses,reflected in a five-year survival rate below 10.The morbidity and mortality rates for this cancer type are nearly identic...Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with low early detection rates and poor prognoses,reflected in a five-year survival rate below 10.The morbidity and mortality rates for this cancer type are nearly identical,indicating a substantial disease burden[1].In China,pancreatic cancer ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths for both sexes.In 2019,approximately 114,964 cases were recorded,resulting in an incidence rate of 5.78 per 100,000,reflecting an increase of 329.40%in cases and 82.11%in incidence since 1990[2].展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in t...Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity(CIPN)is a severe dose-limiting adverse event of chemotherapy.Presently,the mechanism underlying the induction of CIPN remains unclear,and no effective treatment is availab...Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity(CIPN)is a severe dose-limiting adverse event of chemotherapy.Presently,the mechanism underlying the induction of CIPN remains unclear,and no effective treatment is available.In this study,through metabolomics analyses,we found that nab-paclitaxel therapy markedly increased serum serotonin[5-hydroxtryptamine(5-HT)]levels in both cancer patients and mice compared to the respective controls.Furthermore,nab-paclitaxel-treated enterochromaffin(EC)cells showed increased 5-HT synthesis,and serotonin-treated Schwann cells showed damage,as indicated by the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling.Venlafaxine,an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake,was found to protect against nerve injury by suppressing the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling in Schwann cells.Remarkably,venlafaxine was found to significantly alleviate nab-paclitaxel-induced CIPN in patients without affecting the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy.In summary,our study reveals that EC cell-derived 5-HT plays a critical role in nab-paclitaxel-related neurotoxic lesions,and venlafaxine co-administration represents a novel approach to treating chronic cumulative neurotoxicity commonly reported in nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.展开更多
In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at b...In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.展开更多
To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduct...To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.展开更多
Plant proteins that belong to the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related(NPR)gene family are paralogous receptors ofthe plantdefense hormone salicylic acidandessential regulators of hormone-dependent plant immunity agai...Plant proteins that belong to the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related(NPR)gene family are paralogous receptors ofthe plantdefense hormone salicylic acidandessential regulators of hormone-dependent plant immunity against diseases caused by various pathogens.Previous studies have established NPR1 and NPR3 as a transcriptional activator and a transcriptional repressor,respectively,of defense-gene expres-sion to promote and inhibit broad-spectrum resistance against different strains of pathogens.However,the regulatory mechanism that underlies the opposing roles of NPR1 and NPR3 in defense-gene activation re-mains unclear.Here,we report that a rice transcript splicing factor,Oryza sativa RNA-binding protein 11(OsRBP11),promotes alternative splicing of OsNPR3 to modulate the defense function of OsNPR1 in rice plants infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars,which are important bacterial pathogens of rice.We discovered that 11 transcription activator-like effectors identified in representative bacterial strains acti-vate OsRBP11 expression.The OsRBP11 protein,in turn,facilitates alternative splicing of the OsNPR3 mRNA precursor,leading to the production of truncated OsNPR3 protein variants.The OsNPR3 variants exacerbate bacterial diseases by sequestering OsNPR1 from defense-gene activation.By contrast,both artificial andnatural variations inOsRBP11preventthe alternative splicing of OsNPR3,restore thedefense function of OsNPR1,and enhance rice resistance to different bacterial strains.These findings not only reveal a novel regulatory pathway exploited by bacterial pathogens to facilitate their pathogenicity and subvert plant defense but also provide a genetic basis for biotechnological strategies aimed at developing broad-spectrum resistance in crops.展开更多
Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)produced by plant pathogenic bacteria mainly belonging to the genus Xanthomonas cause plant diseases through activation of host susceptibility genes in plant cell nuclei.Ho...Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)produced by plant pathogenic bacteria mainly belonging to the genus Xanthomonas cause plant diseases through activation of host susceptibility genes in plant cell nuclei.How TALEs enter plant cell nuclei was not clear until recent studies about PthXo1 and TALI,two TALEs produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and X.oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),the rice(Oryza sativa)pathogens that cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak,respectively.Here,we report that rice importin IMPα1b serves as a nuclear transport receptor in rice plants to facilitate the nuclear import of PthXo1 and TALI from Xoo and Xoc,respectively.While wild-type(WT)rice plants support the nuclear import of PthXo1 and TALI,nuclear trafficking is defective in OsIMPα1b loss-of-function mutants generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9(Cas9)-based gene editing.In the edited plants infected by Xoo,OsIMPα1b sequesters PthXo1 from the nucleus,the PthXo1-targeted rice susceptibility gene is no longer activated,and bacterial virulence and blight disease are alleviated as a result.In the edited plants infected by Xoc,OsIMPα1b sequesters TALI from the nucleus,the role of TALI in suppressing rice defense responses is nullified,and rice defense responses are in turn activated to inhibit bacterial virulence and alleviate bacterial leaf streak severity.展开更多
Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(...Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),has been shown to have an excellent antibacterial effect on C.perfringens.The hemolysis test and lecithin enzyme activity results showed that after being treated with LCEO at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for 8 h,the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins decreased by 26.01%,and the hydrolysis circle diameter of lecithin shortened by 5 mm.Through liposome encapsulation,LCEO liposomes significantly improved the stability of essential oil while also forming a stimulus-responsive release of the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins,effectively improving the inhibitory effect on C.perfringens.The application results indicate that within 4 d,LCEO liposomes can significantly inhibit the growth of C.perfringens in beef at temperatures of refrigeration(4℃)or after cooking(40℃),with relatively little impact on beef quality.It indicates that LCEO liposomes can effectively extend the shelf life of beef and are a very promising antibacterial strategy for meat products.展开更多
The virulence factors including biofilm and virulence proteins in Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)threatens human health.Herein,the inhibitory mechanisms of carvacrol(CAR)on the biofilm formation and virulence ...The virulence factors including biofilm and virulence proteins in Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)threatens human health.Herein,the inhibitory mechanisms of carvacrol(CAR)on the biofilm formation and virulence production in L.monocytogenes were explored.It was found the minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of CAR was 0.8 mg/mL.CAR could effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation by reduction of extracellular polymeric substance,including extracellular polysaccharides,proteins,and DNA.CAR could interfere with the bacterial swarming and swimming motilities,thereby hindering biofilm development.Hemolytic capability of Listeriolysin O was significantly decreased from 85.75%to 28.13%after treatment with CAR at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).Transcriptomic analysis revealed exposure to 1/2 MIC of CAR resulted in 969 differentially expressed genes,with downregulation of virulence factor-related genes.CAR might bind to AgrB within the quorum sensing system,thereby affecting the biofilm formation regulation and virulence expression.In addition,CAR exhibited efficient inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation on different food contacting materials and vegetable surfaces.These findings provided new insights into biofilm-inhibition and virulence-reduction mechanisms of CAR on L.monocytogenes,suggesting potential applications in controlling L.monocytogenes biofilm contamination in food industries.展开更多
Listeria monocytogenes is a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and public health concerns worldwide.Naturally active compounds have been extensively explored for their potential to reduce foodborne pathogenic cont...Listeria monocytogenes is a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and public health concerns worldwide.Naturally active compounds have been extensively explored for their potential to reduce foodborne pathogenic contamination.This work is designed to study the chemical composition,antibacterial effect,and inhibition mechanism of Citrus bergamia essential oil(CB-EO)against L.monocytogenes.The CB-EO composition revealed the major components of the total account are D-limonene(23.2%),linalyl acetate(14.01%),and linalool(9.96%).The inhibitory effect was examined at different concentrations of CB-EO,and the MIC value was 1.5 mg/mL against L.monocytogenes.The CB-EO concentration of 1.5 mg/mL significantly disturbed the membrane permeability and fluidity,leading to leakage of intracellular protein and DNA constituents,as revealed by the BCA protein assay and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis,respectively.However,a decrease in concentration to 0.75 mg/mL indicated a significant decline in intracellular macromolecule leakage as well as membrane disruption.Moreover,SEM and CLSM observations provided extensive insight into the inhibition mechanism of CB-EO against L.monocytogenes.Finally,while investigating the anti-hemolysis activity,CB-EO and its major compounds,limonene,linalool,and linalyle acetate,have been found to be effective against the virulence agent listeriolysin O(LLO).Thus,it was proposed that CB-EO could act on L.monocytogenes cells through multiple mechanisms of action,with EO concentration providing a crucial role in determining the mode of action.This work offers deep insight into the inhibition mechanisms of natural substances,expanding the potential uses of CB-EO as a natural antimicrobial.展开更多
In recent years,the development of functional packaging from natural active compounds has been a promising strategy for microbial control in foods.In this study,the basil essential oil(BEO)was applied as the principal...In recent years,the development of functional packaging from natural active compounds has been a promising strategy for microbial control in foods.In this study,the basil essential oil(BEO)was applied as the principal antibacterial agent,and a controlled-release nanofibrous system was engineered with responsiveness to bacterial phospholipase.It indicated that encapsulation by cationic liposome significantly improved the dispersity and stability of BEO during the electrospinning process,and the prepared BEO-loaded cationic liposomes(BCLs)could maintain structural integrity in polymer nanofibers.The resulting BCLs-loaded nanofibers showed an effective antibacterial activity against L.monocytogenes.Additionally,it is worth noting that incorporation of soybean lecithin in nanofiber substrate could accelerate the release of loaded antibacterial agents when exposed to L.monocytogenes,thus obtaining an enhanced antibacterial activity.This could be attributed to the increased sensitivity of nanofibers to the degradation by bacterial phospholipases after incorporation with soybean lecithin.Finally,the application test showed that the prepared antibacterial nanofibrous mats could help maintain the quality of chilled pork during 4-days storage,which indicated their promising potential as active packaging.Given the serious threat of L.monocytogenes to food safety,the present antibacterial nanofibers have wide application prospect for improving microbial safety of chilled meat.展开更多
Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we rep...Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we report that the wheat(Triticum aestivum)aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest.In response to elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO_(2)into wheat cells,resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield.In response to apoplastic H_(2)O_(2) induced by pathogen or insect attacks,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H_(2)O_(2) into the cytoplasm,where H_(2)O_(2)intensifies host defenses,restricting further attacks.Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280,thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.展开更多
Critical bone defects caused by extensive excision of malignant bone tumor and the probability of tumor recurrence due to residual tumor cells make malignant bone tumor treatment a major clinical challenge.The present...Critical bone defects caused by extensive excision of malignant bone tumor and the probability of tumor recurrence due to residual tumor cells make malignant bone tumor treatment a major clinical challenge.The present therapeutic strategy concentrates on implanting bone substitutes for defect filling but suffers from failures in both enhancing bone regeneration and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.Herein,Cu and Mn-doped borosilicate nanoparticles(BSNs)were developed for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor treatment,which can enhance bone regeneration through the osteogenic effects of Cu^(2+) and Mn^(3+) ions and meanwhile induce tumor cells apoptosis through the hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reactions of Cu^(2+) and Mn^(3+) ions.In vitro study showed that both osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were promoted by BSNs,and consistently the critical bone defects of rats were efficiently repaired by BSNs through in vivo evaluation.Meanwhile,BSNs could generate hydroxyl radicals through Fenton-like reactions in the simulated tumor microenvironment,promote the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species,and eventually induce tumor cell apoptosis.Besides,subcutaneous tumors of mice were effectively inhibited by BSNs without causing toxic side effects to normal tissues and organs.Altogether,Cu and Mn-doped BSNs developed in this work performed dual functions of enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone regeneration,and inhibiting tumor growth for chemodynamic therapy,thus holding a great potential for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor therapy.展开更多
The plant signaling pathway that regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)involves mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades that comprise sequential activation of several prot...The plant signaling pathway that regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)involves mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades that comprise sequential activation of several protein kinases and the ensuing phosphorylation of MAPKs,which activate transcription factors(TFs)to promote downstream defense responses.To identify plant TFs that regulate MAPKs,we investigated TF-defective mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified MYB44 as an essential constituent of the PTI pathway.MYB44 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae by cooperating with MPK3 and MPK6.Under PAMP treatment,MYB44 binds to the promoters of MPK3 and MPK6 to activate their expression,leading to phosphorylation of MPK3 and MPK6 proteins.In turn,phosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylate MYB44 in a functionally redundant manner,thus enabling MYB44 to activate MPK3 and MPK6 expression and further activate downstream defense responses.Activation of defense responses has also been attributed to activation of EIN2 transcription by MYB44,which has previously been shown to affect PAMP recognition and PTI development.AtMYB44 thus functions as an integral component of the PTI pathway by connecting transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the MPK3/6 cascade.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have a high specific surface area,adjustable pores and can be used to obtain functional porous materials with diverse and well-ordered structures through coordination and self-assembly,wh...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have a high specific surface area,adjustable pores and can be used to obtain functional porous materials with diverse and well-ordered structures through coordination and self-assembly,which has intrigued wide interest in a broad range of disciplines.In the arena of biomedical engineering,the functionalized modification of MOFs has produced drug carriers with excellent dispersion and functionalities such as target delivery and response release,with promising applications in bio-detection,disease therapy,tissue healing,and other areas.This review summa-rizes the present state of research on the functionalization of MOFs by physical binding or chemical cross-linking of small molecules.polvmers.bioma romolecules.and hvdrogels and evaluates the role and approach of MOFs functionalization in boosting the reactivity of materials.On this basis,research on the application of functionalized MOFs composites in biomedical engineering fields such as drug delivery,tissue repair,disease treatment,bio-detection and imaging is surveyed,and the development trend and application prospects of functionalized MOFs as an important new class of biomedical materials in the biomedical field are anticipated,which may provide some inspiration and reference for further development of MOF for bio-medical applications.展开更多
Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:T...Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.展开更多
Recently,natural active substance has been widely concerned and researched because of its potent effect in the control of foodborne pathogen pollution.In this study,we explored the mechanism of eugenol(EL)against Baci...Recently,natural active substance has been widely concerned and researched because of its potent effect in the control of foodborne pathogen pollution.In this study,we explored the mechanism of eugenol(EL)against Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)and its spores and the potential of EL in controlling the growth of B.cereus in rice cakes.The results of antibacterial activity showed that EL performed potent antibacterial activity against B.cereus(MIC=0.4 mg/mL,MBC=0.8 mg/mL).EL could increase the permeability of cell membrane,increase the leakage of intracellular protein and disturb the balance of ion exchange within bacteria.Molecular docking and competitive fluorescence experiments revealed that EL interacted with DNA through grooving binding.Under the above multiple effects,the normal metabolic activities within bacteria were severely affected and even leading to death.EL treatment resulted in the decrease of multiple toxin synthesis genes(nheA,nheB,nheC,hblC,hblD,hblA,and cytK)expression levels,and significantly reduced the hemolysis activity of toxins through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding forces.EL was proved to be effective in inhibiting the growth of B.cereus in rice cakes.The inhibition on spore germination and the improvement of spore thermal sensitivity by EL would also provide a valid method for spore control.This study revealed the antibacterial mechanisms of EL against B.cereus and its spores,and laid a theoretical foundation for expanding its application in the control of foodborne pathogens contamination.展开更多
文摘Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with low early detection rates and poor prognoses,reflected in a five-year survival rate below 10.The morbidity and mortality rates for this cancer type are nearly identical,indicating a substantial disease burden[1].In China,pancreatic cancer ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths for both sexes.In 2019,approximately 114,964 cases were recorded,resulting in an incidence rate of 5.78 per 100,000,reflecting an increase of 329.40%in cases and 82.11%in incidence since 1990[2].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807116)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Nos.2023J01418,2019J05035,and 2022N0024)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau(No.CMGBKY202301)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University and Fuzhou University,China(No.TF2023-3)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus,China(No.2023T014).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.
基金supported by a Key Project of the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province(WKJ-ZJ-2325)a Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ23H160007)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373308)Basic Scientific Research Funds of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province(KYYB202212)Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project of China(LGF22H160080)Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(ZRY2020A005)Basic Scientific Research Funds of the Department of Education of Zhejiang Province(KYQN202128)General Research Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(Y202249311).
文摘Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity(CIPN)is a severe dose-limiting adverse event of chemotherapy.Presently,the mechanism underlying the induction of CIPN remains unclear,and no effective treatment is available.In this study,through metabolomics analyses,we found that nab-paclitaxel therapy markedly increased serum serotonin[5-hydroxtryptamine(5-HT)]levels in both cancer patients and mice compared to the respective controls.Furthermore,nab-paclitaxel-treated enterochromaffin(EC)cells showed increased 5-HT synthesis,and serotonin-treated Schwann cells showed damage,as indicated by the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling.Venlafaxine,an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake,was found to protect against nerve injury by suppressing the activation of CREB3L3/MMP3/FAS signaling in Schwann cells.Remarkably,venlafaxine was found to significantly alleviate nab-paclitaxel-induced CIPN in patients without affecting the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy.In summary,our study reveals that EC cell-derived 5-HT plays a critical role in nab-paclitaxel-related neurotoxic lesions,and venlafaxine co-administration represents a novel approach to treating chronic cumulative neurotoxicity commonly reported in nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62090015,No.61821001)BUPT Excellent Ph.D.Students Foundation under Grant(CX2021216)。
文摘In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.
基金greatly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant Number 26303012
文摘To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China grants 32302374,31772247,32372483,and 32370210 to X.C.,H.D.,M.-X.Z.and S.Z.respectively,as well as by Biological Breeding-Major Projects 2023ZD04074 to H.Z+2 种基金Yunnan Seed Laboratory Key Project grant 202205AR070001 to Z.CDouble First Class Discipline Construction Fund of Shandong Agricultural University to H.Dthe Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province grants ZR2023QC118,ZR2020MC113,ZR2020MC120,and ZR2020QC126 to X.C.,L.C.,S.Z.,and L.Z.,respectively.
文摘Plant proteins that belong to the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related(NPR)gene family are paralogous receptors ofthe plantdefense hormone salicylic acidandessential regulators of hormone-dependent plant immunity against diseases caused by various pathogens.Previous studies have established NPR1 and NPR3 as a transcriptional activator and a transcriptional repressor,respectively,of defense-gene expres-sion to promote and inhibit broad-spectrum resistance against different strains of pathogens.However,the regulatory mechanism that underlies the opposing roles of NPR1 and NPR3 in defense-gene activation re-mains unclear.Here,we report that a rice transcript splicing factor,Oryza sativa RNA-binding protein 11(OsRBP11),promotes alternative splicing of OsNPR3 to modulate the defense function of OsNPR1 in rice plants infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars,which are important bacterial pathogens of rice.We discovered that 11 transcription activator-like effectors identified in representative bacterial strains acti-vate OsRBP11 expression.The OsRBP11 protein,in turn,facilitates alternative splicing of the OsNPR3 mRNA precursor,leading to the production of truncated OsNPR3 protein variants.The OsNPR3 variants exacerbate bacterial diseases by sequestering OsNPR1 from defense-gene activation.By contrast,both artificial andnatural variations inOsRBP11preventthe alternative splicing of OsNPR3,restore thedefense function of OsNPR1,and enhance rice resistance to different bacterial strains.These findings not only reveal a novel regulatory pathway exploited by bacterial pathogens to facilitate their pathogenicity and subvert plant defense but also provide a genetic basis for biotechnological strategies aimed at developing broad-spectrum resistance in crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 31772247,32072399,and 32170202)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC113,ZR2020MC120,and ZR2020QC126).
文摘Transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)produced by plant pathogenic bacteria mainly belonging to the genus Xanthomonas cause plant diseases through activation of host susceptibility genes in plant cell nuclei.How TALEs enter plant cell nuclei was not clear until recent studies about PthXo1 and TALI,two TALEs produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and X.oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),the rice(Oryza sativa)pathogens that cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak,respectively.Here,we report that rice importin IMPα1b serves as a nuclear transport receptor in rice plants to facilitate the nuclear import of PthXo1 and TALI from Xoo and Xoc,respectively.While wild-type(WT)rice plants support the nuclear import of PthXo1 and TALI,nuclear trafficking is defective in OsIMPα1b loss-of-function mutants generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9(Cas9)-based gene editing.In the edited plants infected by Xoo,OsIMPα1b sequesters PthXo1 from the nucleus,the PthXo1-targeted rice susceptibility gene is no longer activated,and bacterial virulence and blight disease are alleviated as a result.In the edited plants infected by Xoc,OsIMPα1b sequesters TALI from the nucleus,the role of TALI in suppressing rice defense responses is nullified,and rice defense responses are in turn activated to inhibit bacterial virulence and alleviate bacterial leaf streak severity.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R153),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Faisal University under project no.[KFU241195].
文摘Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),has been shown to have an excellent antibacterial effect on C.perfringens.The hemolysis test and lecithin enzyme activity results showed that after being treated with LCEO at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for 8 h,the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins decreased by 26.01%,and the hydrolysis circle diameter of lecithin shortened by 5 mm.Through liposome encapsulation,LCEO liposomes significantly improved the stability of essential oil while also forming a stimulus-responsive release of the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins,effectively improving the inhibitory effect on C.perfringens.The application results indicate that within 4 d,LCEO liposomes can significantly inhibit the growth of C.perfringens in beef at temperatures of refrigeration(4℃)or after cooking(40℃),with relatively little impact on beef quality.It indicates that LCEO liposomes can effectively extend the shelf life of beef and are a very promising antibacterial strategy for meat products.
基金Supporting Project number(PNURSP 2025R31)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Faisal University under project no.[KFU250265].
文摘The virulence factors including biofilm and virulence proteins in Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)threatens human health.Herein,the inhibitory mechanisms of carvacrol(CAR)on the biofilm formation and virulence production in L.monocytogenes were explored.It was found the minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of CAR was 0.8 mg/mL.CAR could effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation by reduction of extracellular polymeric substance,including extracellular polysaccharides,proteins,and DNA.CAR could interfere with the bacterial swarming and swimming motilities,thereby hindering biofilm development.Hemolytic capability of Listeriolysin O was significantly decreased from 85.75%to 28.13%after treatment with CAR at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).Transcriptomic analysis revealed exposure to 1/2 MIC of CAR resulted in 969 differentially expressed genes,with downregulation of virulence factor-related genes.CAR might bind to AgrB within the quorum sensing system,thereby affecting the biofilm formation regulation and virulence expression.In addition,CAR exhibited efficient inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation on different food contacting materials and vegetable surfaces.These findings provided new insights into biofilm-inhibition and virulence-reduction mechanisms of CAR on L.monocytogenes,suggesting potential applications in controlling L.monocytogenes biofilm contamination in food industries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31972172)Jiangsu Prov-ince Research Fund(Grant no.JNHB-131)the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Faisal University under Ambitious Researcher Track(Grant no.GRANT 6214),Saudi Arabia.
文摘Listeria monocytogenes is a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and public health concerns worldwide.Naturally active compounds have been extensively explored for their potential to reduce foodborne pathogenic contamination.This work is designed to study the chemical composition,antibacterial effect,and inhibition mechanism of Citrus bergamia essential oil(CB-EO)against L.monocytogenes.The CB-EO composition revealed the major components of the total account are D-limonene(23.2%),linalyl acetate(14.01%),and linalool(9.96%).The inhibitory effect was examined at different concentrations of CB-EO,and the MIC value was 1.5 mg/mL against L.monocytogenes.The CB-EO concentration of 1.5 mg/mL significantly disturbed the membrane permeability and fluidity,leading to leakage of intracellular protein and DNA constituents,as revealed by the BCA protein assay and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis,respectively.However,a decrease in concentration to 0.75 mg/mL indicated a significant decline in intracellular macromolecule leakage as well as membrane disruption.Moreover,SEM and CLSM observations provided extensive insight into the inhibition mechanism of CB-EO against L.monocytogenes.Finally,while investigating the anti-hemolysis activity,CB-EO and its major compounds,limonene,linalool,and linalyle acetate,have been found to be effective against the virulence agent listeriolysin O(LLO).Thus,it was proposed that CB-EO could act on L.monocytogenes cells through multiple mechanisms of action,with EO concentration providing a crucial role in determining the mode of action.This work offers deep insight into the inhibition mechanisms of natural substances,expanding the potential uses of CB-EO as a natural antimicrobial.
基金This research project was financially supported by State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource(Grant no.2019XK 2002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31972172)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant no.BK20201417)Jiangsu Province Research Fund(Grant no.JNHB-131)Jiangsu University Research Fund(Grant no.11JDG050).
文摘In recent years,the development of functional packaging from natural active compounds has been a promising strategy for microbial control in foods.In this study,the basil essential oil(BEO)was applied as the principal antibacterial agent,and a controlled-release nanofibrous system was engineered with responsiveness to bacterial phospholipase.It indicated that encapsulation by cationic liposome significantly improved the dispersity and stability of BEO during the electrospinning process,and the prepared BEO-loaded cationic liposomes(BCLs)could maintain structural integrity in polymer nanofibers.The resulting BCLs-loaded nanofibers showed an effective antibacterial activity against L.monocytogenes.Additionally,it is worth noting that incorporation of soybean lecithin in nanofiber substrate could accelerate the release of loaded antibacterial agents when exposed to L.monocytogenes,thus obtaining an enhanced antibacterial activity.This could be attributed to the increased sensitivity of nanofibers to the degradation by bacterial phospholipases after incorporation with soybean lecithin.Finally,the application test showed that the prepared antibacterial nanofibrous mats could help maintain the quality of chilled pork during 4-days storage,which indicated their promising potential as active packaging.Given the serious threat of L.monocytogenes to food safety,the present antibacterial nanofibers have wide application prospect for improving microbial safety of chilled meat.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(grants numbers31772247,32072399,and 32170202)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grants ZR2020MC113,ZR2020MC120,and ZR2020QC126).
文摘Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we report that the wheat(Triticum aestivum)aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest.In response to elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO_(2)into wheat cells,resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield.In response to apoplastic H_(2)O_(2) induced by pathogen or insect attacks,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H_(2)O_(2) into the cytoplasm,where H_(2)O_(2)intensifies host defenses,restricting further attacks.Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280,thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1106302 and 2018YFA0703100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51772210,U2001221,51802340,81871774 and 82072422)+1 种基金Frontier Science Key Research Programs of CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-JSC030)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Foundation(Grant No.JCYJ20200109114620793).
文摘Critical bone defects caused by extensive excision of malignant bone tumor and the probability of tumor recurrence due to residual tumor cells make malignant bone tumor treatment a major clinical challenge.The present therapeutic strategy concentrates on implanting bone substitutes for defect filling but suffers from failures in both enhancing bone regeneration and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.Herein,Cu and Mn-doped borosilicate nanoparticles(BSNs)were developed for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor treatment,which can enhance bone regeneration through the osteogenic effects of Cu^(2+) and Mn^(3+) ions and meanwhile induce tumor cells apoptosis through the hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reactions of Cu^(2+) and Mn^(3+) ions.In vitro study showed that both osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were promoted by BSNs,and consistently the critical bone defects of rats were efficiently repaired by BSNs through in vivo evaluation.Meanwhile,BSNs could generate hydroxyl radicals through Fenton-like reactions in the simulated tumor microenvironment,promote the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species,and eventually induce tumor cell apoptosis.Besides,subcutaneous tumors of mice were effectively inhibited by BSNs without causing toxic side effects to normal tissues and organs.Altogether,Cu and Mn-doped BSNs developed in this work performed dual functions of enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone regeneration,and inhibiting tumor growth for chemodynamic therapy,thus holding a great potential for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 31772247,32072399,32170202)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant numbers ZR2020MC113,ZR2020MC120,ZR2020QC126).
文摘The plant signaling pathway that regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity(PTI)involves mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades that comprise sequential activation of several protein kinases and the ensuing phosphorylation of MAPKs,which activate transcription factors(TFs)to promote downstream defense responses.To identify plant TFs that regulate MAPKs,we investigated TF-defective mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified MYB44 as an essential constituent of the PTI pathway.MYB44 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae by cooperating with MPK3 and MPK6.Under PAMP treatment,MYB44 binds to the promoters of MPK3 and MPK6 to activate their expression,leading to phosphorylation of MPK3 and MPK6 proteins.In turn,phosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylate MYB44 in a functionally redundant manner,thus enabling MYB44 to activate MPK3 and MPK6 expression and further activate downstream defense responses.Activation of defense responses has also been attributed to activation of EIN2 transcription by MYB44,which has previously been shown to affect PAMP recognition and PTI development.AtMYB44 thus functions as an integral component of the PTI pathway by connecting transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the MPK3/6 cascade.
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have a high specific surface area,adjustable pores and can be used to obtain functional porous materials with diverse and well-ordered structures through coordination and self-assembly,which has intrigued wide interest in a broad range of disciplines.In the arena of biomedical engineering,the functionalized modification of MOFs has produced drug carriers with excellent dispersion and functionalities such as target delivery and response release,with promising applications in bio-detection,disease therapy,tissue healing,and other areas.This review summa-rizes the present state of research on the functionalization of MOFs by physical binding or chemical cross-linking of small molecules.polvmers.bioma romolecules.and hvdrogels and evaluates the role and approach of MOFs functionalization in boosting the reactivity of materials.On this basis,research on the application of functionalized MOFs composites in biomedical engineering fields such as drug delivery,tissue repair,disease treatment,bio-detection and imaging is surveyed,and the development trend and application prospects of functionalized MOFs as an important new class of biomedical materials in the biomedical field are anticipated,which may provide some inspiration and reference for further development of MOF for bio-medical applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1604701)
文摘Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource(Grant no.2019XK2002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31972172)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant no.BK20201417)Jiangsu Province Research Fund(Grant no.JNHB-131).
文摘Recently,natural active substance has been widely concerned and researched because of its potent effect in the control of foodborne pathogen pollution.In this study,we explored the mechanism of eugenol(EL)against Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)and its spores and the potential of EL in controlling the growth of B.cereus in rice cakes.The results of antibacterial activity showed that EL performed potent antibacterial activity against B.cereus(MIC=0.4 mg/mL,MBC=0.8 mg/mL).EL could increase the permeability of cell membrane,increase the leakage of intracellular protein and disturb the balance of ion exchange within bacteria.Molecular docking and competitive fluorescence experiments revealed that EL interacted with DNA through grooving binding.Under the above multiple effects,the normal metabolic activities within bacteria were severely affected and even leading to death.EL treatment resulted in the decrease of multiple toxin synthesis genes(nheA,nheB,nheC,hblC,hblD,hblA,and cytK)expression levels,and significantly reduced the hemolysis activity of toxins through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding forces.EL was proved to be effective in inhibiting the growth of B.cereus in rice cakes.The inhibition on spore germination and the improvement of spore thermal sensitivity by EL would also provide a valid method for spore control.This study revealed the antibacterial mechanisms of EL against B.cereus and its spores,and laid a theoretical foundation for expanding its application in the control of foodborne pathogens contamination.
