The neuromorphic systems for sound perception is under highly demanding for the future bioinspired electronics and humanoid robots.However,the sound perception based on volume,tone and timbre remains unknown.Herein,or...The neuromorphic systems for sound perception is under highly demanding for the future bioinspired electronics and humanoid robots.However,the sound perception based on volume,tone and timbre remains unknown.Herein,organic optoelectronic synapses(OOSs)are constructed for unprecedented sound recognition.The volume,tone and timbre of sound can be regulated appropriately by the input signal of voltages,frequencies and light intensities of OOSs,according to the amplitude,frequency,and waveform of the sound.The quantitative relation between recognition factor(ζ)and postsynaptic current(I=I_(light)−I_(dark))is established to achieve sound perception.Interestingly,the bell sound for University of Chinese Academy of Sciences is recognized with an accuracy of 99.8%.The mechanism studies reveal that the impedance of the interfacial layers play a critical role in the synaptic performances.This contribution presents unprecedented artificial synapses for sound perception at hardware levels.展开更多
The polymerization of fused-ring acceptors(FRAs) to afford their corresponding polymeric acceptors for high-performance all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs) has achieved remarkable progress in the past few years.However,...The polymerization of fused-ring acceptors(FRAs) to afford their corresponding polymeric acceptors for high-performance all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs) has achieved remarkable progress in the past few years.However,due to the high degree of synthetic complexity for the monomer,the high-cost of these polymeric acceptors may limit their commercial applications.Thus,it is urgent to develop inexpensive and high-performance polymeric acceptors for all-PSCs.Herein,two novel polymeric acceptors(PBTzO and PBTzO-2F) have been designed and synthesized by copolymerization of noncovalently fused ring acceptors(NFRAs),which were employed in all-PSCs for the first time.Upon introducing the “noncovalently conformational locks(NoCLs)” in the backbone and selective fluorination of the end-group,photophysical and electrical properties,and solidstate packing properties of the NFRAs have been rationally tuned.As a result,the PBDB-T:PBTzO-2F based devices presented an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 11.04%,much higher than that of PBTzO based ones due to the increased charge generation and extraction,improved hole transfer and carrier mobilities,and reduced energy loss.More importantly,PBTzO-2F exhibited a much lower synthetic complexity(SC) index and higher figure-of-merit(FOM) values than the high-performance fused-ring acceptor based polymer acceptors(FRA-PAs) due to the simpler structures and more effective synthesis.This contribution provided a novel idea to achieve low-cost and high-performance all-PSCs.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry in recent years due to their remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,the Golden Triangle(the balan...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry in recent years due to their remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,the Golden Triangle(the balance of efficiency-stability-cost)required for large-scale industrialization of OSCs still remains a great challenge.Here,a new nonfused-ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BF and its polymerized counterpart PBF were designed and synthesized,and their photovoltaic performance,storage stability and material cost were systematically investigated.When blended with a widely-used polymer donor PBDB-T,the PBFbased all-polymer solar cell(all-PSC)displayed a record high PCE of 12.61%for polymerized NFREAs(PNFREAs)with an excellent stability(95.2%of initial PCE after 800 h storage),superior to the BF counterpart.Impressively,PBF-based allPSC possesses the highest industrial figure-of-merit(i-FOM)value of 0.309 based on an efficiency-stability-cost evaluation,in comparison to several representative OSC systems(such as PM6:Y6 and PBDB-T:PZ1).This work provides an insight into the balance of efficiency,stability,and cost,and also indicates that the PNFREAs are promising materials toward the commercial application of OSCs.展开更多
Dimeric fused-ring electron acceptors(DFREAs)have attracted much attention due to the combined advantages of their monomeric and polymeric acceptors,including a well-defined molecular structure,excellent repeatability...Dimeric fused-ring electron acceptors(DFREAs)have attracted much attention due to the combined advantages of their monomeric and polymeric acceptors,including a well-defined molecular structure,excellent repeatability,and stable morphology.However,the additionally introduced single-bonds during dimerization may result in a twisted backbone of DFREAs,which is detrimental to intermolecular packing and charge transport.Herein,three DFREAs are designed and synthesized,in which DFREA conformations were systematically tuned via adjusting the intensities of intramolecular noncovalent interactions(INIs)to achieve high-performance organic solar cells(OSCs).Theoretical and experimental results show that the gradual introduction of S…F INIs can continuously improve molecular planarity and rigidity,resulting in reduced reorganization energies,ordered packing mode,and enhanced crystallization of DFREAs.Benefiting from the incorporation of fourfold S…F INIs,DYF-TF-based binary OSCs show a record high efficiency of 18.26%with an extremely low energy loss(0.493 eV)for DFREAbased OSCs.In addition,DYF-TF-based OSCs exhibited good long-term stability with a T_(80%)lifetime of 2681 h,and the power conversion efficiency of the DYF-TF-based ternary device is further enhanced to 18.73%.This contribution demonstrates the great potential of the INIs strategy in achieving excellent DFREAs materials.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary By employing thiazole and 4-chlorothiazole as the A′units,two A-D-A′-D-A type nonfused-ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)Tz-H and Tz-Cl were designed and synthesized.Replacing thiazole in Tz-H wit...Comprehensive Summary By employing thiazole and 4-chlorothiazole as the A′units,two A-D-A′-D-A type nonfused-ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)Tz-H and Tz-Cl were designed and synthesized.Replacing thiazole in Tz-H with 4-chlorothiazole can not only remarkably shorten the synthetic route through C—H direct arylation but also enhance molecular planarity with the simultaneous incorporation of S…N and S…Cl noncovalently conformational locks(NoCLs).The photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Tz-Cl exhibited a power conversion efficiency as high as 11.10%,much higher than that of PM6:Tz-H(6.41%),mainly due to more efficient exciton dissociation,better and more balanced carrier mobility,less charge recombination,and more favorable morphology.These findings demonstrate the great potential of NoCLs in achieving low-cost and high-performance NFREAs.展开更多
Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboofeeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-...Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboofeeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B.schroederi to infer its biology,including host adaptations.Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations,suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts.Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence,including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms,indicate that B.schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism.Additionally,we characterized the secretome of B.schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies.Overall,this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B.schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages.Our findings on the unique biology of B.schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism.展开更多
By employing the asymmetric end-group engineering,an asymmetric nonfused-ring electron acceptor(NFREA)was designed and synthesized.Compared with the symmetric analogs(NoCA-17 and NoCA-18),NoCA-19 possesses broader lig...By employing the asymmetric end-group engineering,an asymmetric nonfused-ring electron acceptor(NFREA)was designed and synthesized.Compared with the symmetric analogs(NoCA-17 and NoCA-18),NoCA-19 possesses broader light absorption range,more coplanarπ-conjugated backbone,and appropriate crystallinity according to the experimental and theoretical results.The organic solar cells based on J52:NoCA-19 exhibited a power conversion efficiency as high as 12.26%,which is much higher than those of J52:NoCA-17(9.50%)and J52:NoCA-18(11.77%),mainly due to more efficient exciton dissociation,better and balanced charge mobility,suppressed recombination loss,shorter charge extraction time,longer charge carrier lifetimes,and more favorable blend film morphology.These findings demonstrate the great potential of asymmetric end-group engineering in exploring low-cost and high-performance NFREAs.展开更多
基金supported by the NSFC(51925306 and 21774130)National Key R&D Program of China(2018FYA 0305800)+2 种基金Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB08-2)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB28000000)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The neuromorphic systems for sound perception is under highly demanding for the future bioinspired electronics and humanoid robots.However,the sound perception based on volume,tone and timbre remains unknown.Herein,organic optoelectronic synapses(OOSs)are constructed for unprecedented sound recognition.The volume,tone and timbre of sound can be regulated appropriately by the input signal of voltages,frequencies and light intensities of OOSs,according to the amplitude,frequency,and waveform of the sound.The quantitative relation between recognition factor(ζ)and postsynaptic current(I=I_(light)−I_(dark))is established to achieve sound perception.Interestingly,the bell sound for University of Chinese Academy of Sciences is recognized with an accuracy of 99.8%.The mechanism studies reveal that the impedance of the interfacial layers play a critical role in the synaptic performances.This contribution presents unprecedented artificial synapses for sound perception at hardware levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52103352, 52120105006, 21774130, 51925306)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018FYA 0305800)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB082)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB28000000)。
文摘The polymerization of fused-ring acceptors(FRAs) to afford their corresponding polymeric acceptors for high-performance all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs) has achieved remarkable progress in the past few years.However,due to the high degree of synthetic complexity for the monomer,the high-cost of these polymeric acceptors may limit their commercial applications.Thus,it is urgent to develop inexpensive and high-performance polymeric acceptors for all-PSCs.Herein,two novel polymeric acceptors(PBTzO and PBTzO-2F) have been designed and synthesized by copolymerization of noncovalently fused ring acceptors(NFRAs),which were employed in all-PSCs for the first time.Upon introducing the “noncovalently conformational locks(NoCLs)” in the backbone and selective fluorination of the end-group,photophysical and electrical properties,and solidstate packing properties of the NFRAs have been rationally tuned.As a result,the PBDB-T:PBTzO-2F based devices presented an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 11.04%,much higher than that of PBTzO based ones due to the increased charge generation and extraction,improved hole transfer and carrier mobilities,and reduced energy loss.More importantly,PBTzO-2F exhibited a much lower synthetic complexity(SC) index and higher figure-of-merit(FOM) values than the high-performance fused-ring acceptor based polymer acceptors(FRA-PAs) due to the simpler structures and more effective synthesis.This contribution provided a novel idea to achieve low-cost and high-performance all-PSCs.
基金NSFC,Grant/Award Numbers:52120105006,52103352,51925306National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018FYA 0305800Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2022165。
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry in recent years due to their remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,the Golden Triangle(the balance of efficiency-stability-cost)required for large-scale industrialization of OSCs still remains a great challenge.Here,a new nonfused-ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BF and its polymerized counterpart PBF were designed and synthesized,and their photovoltaic performance,storage stability and material cost were systematically investigated.When blended with a widely-used polymer donor PBDB-T,the PBFbased all-polymer solar cell(all-PSC)displayed a record high PCE of 12.61%for polymerized NFREAs(PNFREAs)with an excellent stability(95.2%of initial PCE after 800 h storage),superior to the BF counterpart.Impressively,PBF-based allPSC possesses the highest industrial figure-of-merit(i-FOM)value of 0.309 based on an efficiency-stability-cost evaluation,in comparison to several representative OSC systems(such as PM6:Y6 and PBDB-T:PZ1).This work provides an insight into the balance of efficiency,stability,and cost,and also indicates that the PNFREAs are promising materials toward the commercial application of OSCs.
基金support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51925306,52103352,52120105006)National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018FYA 0305800)+3 种基金Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDPB08-2)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB28000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.2022165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.DFT results described in this article were obtained from the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen(Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center).
文摘Dimeric fused-ring electron acceptors(DFREAs)have attracted much attention due to the combined advantages of their monomeric and polymeric acceptors,including a well-defined molecular structure,excellent repeatability,and stable morphology.However,the additionally introduced single-bonds during dimerization may result in a twisted backbone of DFREAs,which is detrimental to intermolecular packing and charge transport.Herein,three DFREAs are designed and synthesized,in which DFREA conformations were systematically tuned via adjusting the intensities of intramolecular noncovalent interactions(INIs)to achieve high-performance organic solar cells(OSCs).Theoretical and experimental results show that the gradual introduction of S…F INIs can continuously improve molecular planarity and rigidity,resulting in reduced reorganization energies,ordered packing mode,and enhanced crystallization of DFREAs.Benefiting from the incorporation of fourfold S…F INIs,DYF-TF-based binary OSCs show a record high efficiency of 18.26%with an extremely low energy loss(0.493 eV)for DFREAbased OSCs.In addition,DYF-TF-based OSCs exhibited good long-term stability with a T_(80%)lifetime of 2681 h,and the power conversion efficiency of the DYF-TF-based ternary device is further enhanced to 18.73%.This contribution demonstrates the great potential of the INIs strategy in achieving excellent DFREAs materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China((52120105006,52103352,and 51925306)National Key R&D Program of China(2018FYA 0305800)+3 种基金Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB08-2)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB28000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.DFT results described in this report were obtained from the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen(Shenzhen CloudComputing Center).
文摘Comprehensive Summary By employing thiazole and 4-chlorothiazole as the A′units,two A-D-A′-D-A type nonfused-ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)Tz-H and Tz-Cl were designed and synthesized.Replacing thiazole in Tz-H with 4-chlorothiazole can not only remarkably shorten the synthetic route through C—H direct arylation but also enhance molecular planarity with the simultaneous incorporation of S…N and S…Cl noncovalently conformational locks(NoCLs).The photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Tz-Cl exhibited a power conversion efficiency as high as 11.10%,much higher than that of PM6:Tz-H(6.41%),mainly due to more efficient exciton dissociation,better and more balanced carrier mobility,less charge recombination,and more favorable morphology.These findings demonstrate the great potential of NoCLs in achieving low-cost and high-performance NFREAs.
基金supported by the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation,China(Grant No.CPF-2012-13)the Self-supporting Project of Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base,China(Grant No.2020CPBB20)+2 种基金the Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation/Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.2019YFH0065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801048)the Highlevel Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduction of Talents of Sichuan Agricultural University of China(Grant No.03120322).
文摘Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboofeeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B.schroederi to infer its biology,including host adaptations.Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations,suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts.Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence,including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms,indicate that B.schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism.Additionally,we characterized the secretome of B.schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies.Overall,this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B.schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages.Our findings on the unique biology of B.schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism.
基金the financial support fromtheNSFC(21975055,U2001222,52103352,52120105006,and 51925306)National Key R&D Program of China(2018FYA 0305800)+2 种基金Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB08-2)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.DFT results described in this article were obtained from the National Supercomputing Centre in Shenzhen(Shenzhen Cloud Computing Centre).
文摘By employing the asymmetric end-group engineering,an asymmetric nonfused-ring electron acceptor(NFREA)was designed and synthesized.Compared with the symmetric analogs(NoCA-17 and NoCA-18),NoCA-19 possesses broader light absorption range,more coplanarπ-conjugated backbone,and appropriate crystallinity according to the experimental and theoretical results.The organic solar cells based on J52:NoCA-19 exhibited a power conversion efficiency as high as 12.26%,which is much higher than those of J52:NoCA-17(9.50%)and J52:NoCA-18(11.77%),mainly due to more efficient exciton dissociation,better and balanced charge mobility,suppressed recombination loss,shorter charge extraction time,longer charge carrier lifetimes,and more favorable blend film morphology.These findings demonstrate the great potential of asymmetric end-group engineering in exploring low-cost and high-performance NFREAs.
