OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in ext...OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in extraction,isolation as well as identification.This study aimed to provide comprehensive information for the quality evaluation of EBN peptides,which would be a valuable reference for further study on EBN proteins.METHODS:Here,we developed a quality control method using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)peptide fingerprints deriving from EBN being digested with simulated gastric fluid.The characteristic peptide peaks were collected and identified by LC-MS/MS.RESULTS:The characteristic peptide peaks,corresponding to the protein fragments of acidic mammalian chitinase-like,lysyl oxidase,and Mucin-5AC-like,were identified and quantified.Interestingly,the principal component analysis indicated that the fingerprints were able to discriminate colour of EBN(white/red)and production sites(cave/house)of White EBN on the same weight basis.As proposed by the model developed in this study,Muc-5AC-like and AMCaselike proteins were the markers with the highest discriminative power.CONCLUSIONS:The overall findings suggest that HPLC peptide fingerprints were able to clearly demonstrate peptide profile differences between genuine and adulterated EBN samples;and classify EBN samples by its color and production site.In addition,the protein identification results suggested that Muc-5AC-like protein was the major protein in EBN.展开更多
Objective To understand the relationship between isozyme activities and diterpene lactone biosynthesis of Andrographispaniculata. Methods Plants were collected during ontogeny from seeding to seed maturity, and separa...Objective To understand the relationship between isozyme activities and diterpene lactone biosynthesis of Andrographispaniculata. Methods Plants were collected during ontogeny from seeding to seed maturity, and separated into leaves and stems for determination. Morphological and yield parameters were used to describe plant growing states. Isozyme changes were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HPLC was used to develop the fingerprints as well as to determine the diterpene lactone content. Results Significant increases were observed in the activities of isozymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT）, around the early stage of bud in leaves, and the activities of these four kinds of isozymes increased gradually as time progressed in stems. The content changes of diterpene lactones in leaves and stem were various. In the leaves, andrographolide （1） was recorded the highest [（23.63 ± 1.06） mg/g] at the early stage of bud, whereas deoxyandrographolide （2） was the lowest [（6.78 ± 0.27） mg/g] at this period and it reached the highest level at the seeding stage [（26.05 ± 1.04） mg/g]. Dehydroandrographolide （3） and neoandrographolide （4） fluctuated during growing stages. Meanwhile, the HPLC fingerprint showed that the content changes of two unknown compounds were related to that of dehydroandrographolide in leaves. In stems, andrographolide had increased gradually until the bud stage [（8.26 ± 0.33） mg/g], and other three diterpene lactones showed a trend of fluctuation. The yield of total diterpene lactones in aerial part reached the highest at the first flowering stage （806.71 mg/plant）. Conclusion These results lay the foundation for the future research on the relationship of isozymes and diterpene lactones, and for determining the most favorable time for harvesting A. paniculata.展开更多
It is one of the key points for modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines to construct the Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) base of Chinese materia medica (CMM). GAP helps to minimize con...It is one of the key points for modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines to construct the Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) base of Chinese materia medica (CMM). GAP helps to minimize contamination and improve the quality of CMM during the plantation and the production of Chinese crude drugs. In this article, the status and development of CMM production bases of GAP in Guangdong Province, China, are presented. The suggestions upon the problems during the development of GAP for Chinese crude drugs are also provided.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the grants of Hong Kong Research Grants Council TBS(T13-607/12R),GRF(661110,662911,660411,663012,662713),ITC(UIM/254),TUYF12SC02,TUYF12SC03,TUYF15SC01,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust(HKJCCT12SC01)Foundation of The Awareness of Nature(TAON12SC01),SRFDP and RGC ERG Joint Fund(2013009614001/M-HKUST604/13)to Karl Wah-Keung TsimNational Natural Science Foundation Item(81173498)to Xiao-Ping Lai.
文摘OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in extraction,isolation as well as identification.This study aimed to provide comprehensive information for the quality evaluation of EBN peptides,which would be a valuable reference for further study on EBN proteins.METHODS:Here,we developed a quality control method using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)peptide fingerprints deriving from EBN being digested with simulated gastric fluid.The characteristic peptide peaks were collected and identified by LC-MS/MS.RESULTS:The characteristic peptide peaks,corresponding to the protein fragments of acidic mammalian chitinase-like,lysyl oxidase,and Mucin-5AC-like,were identified and quantified.Interestingly,the principal component analysis indicated that the fingerprints were able to discriminate colour of EBN(white/red)and production sites(cave/house)of White EBN on the same weight basis.As proposed by the model developed in this study,Muc-5AC-like and AMCaselike proteins were the markers with the highest discriminative power.CONCLUSIONS:The overall findings suggest that HPLC peptide fingerprints were able to clearly demonstrate peptide profile differences between genuine and adulterated EBN samples;and classify EBN samples by its color and production site.In addition,the protein identification results suggested that Muc-5AC-like protein was the major protein in EBN.
基金Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(2011BAI01B01)
文摘Objective To understand the relationship between isozyme activities and diterpene lactone biosynthesis of Andrographispaniculata. Methods Plants were collected during ontogeny from seeding to seed maturity, and separated into leaves and stems for determination. Morphological and yield parameters were used to describe plant growing states. Isozyme changes were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HPLC was used to develop the fingerprints as well as to determine the diterpene lactone content. Results Significant increases were observed in the activities of isozymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT）, around the early stage of bud in leaves, and the activities of these four kinds of isozymes increased gradually as time progressed in stems. The content changes of diterpene lactones in leaves and stem were various. In the leaves, andrographolide （1） was recorded the highest [（23.63 ± 1.06） mg/g] at the early stage of bud, whereas deoxyandrographolide （2） was the lowest [（6.78 ± 0.27） mg/g] at this period and it reached the highest level at the seeding stage [（26.05 ± 1.04） mg/g]. Dehydroandrographolide （3） and neoandrographolide （4） fluctuated during growing stages. Meanwhile, the HPLC fingerprint showed that the content changes of two unknown compounds were related to that of dehydroandrographolide in leaves. In stems, andrographolide had increased gradually until the bud stage [（8.26 ± 0.33） mg/g], and other three diterpene lactones showed a trend of fluctuation. The yield of total diterpene lactones in aerial part reached the highest at the first flowering stage （806.71 mg/plant）. Conclusion These results lay the foundation for the future research on the relationship of isozymes and diterpene lactones, and for determining the most favorable time for harvesting A. paniculata.
基金Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2006BAI06A11-02)Guangdong Provincial Department of Science & Technology (06105061)
文摘It is one of the key points for modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines to construct the Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) base of Chinese materia medica (CMM). GAP helps to minimize contamination and improve the quality of CMM during the plantation and the production of Chinese crude drugs. In this article, the status and development of CMM production bases of GAP in Guangdong Province, China, are presented. The suggestions upon the problems during the development of GAP for Chinese crude drugs are also provided.
