The size tuning of one-dimensional(1D)spatially confined electrocatalysts with abundant exposed active sites is still a huge challenge for electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)and overall water...The size tuning of one-dimensional(1D)spatially confined electrocatalysts with abundant exposed active sites is still a huge challenge for electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)and overall water splitting(OWS).Herein,we construct CoPNi_(2)P heterostructure embedded ultrafine N-doped carbon nanotubes(CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF)with a diameter size of about 50 nm from 2D cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework(Co-ZIF-L/NF)via phosphorylation strategy,while Co-Ni embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes with a diameter of about 200 nm are constructed via carbonization.The size-tuned CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF possesses abundant active sites and electron transport pathways,and the stability of CoP-Ni_(2)P heterostructure is improved by carbon coating.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation results verify that the Ni_(2)P and CoP heterojunction synergistic ally promotes the electron redistribution of the Co-Ni to optimize Gibbs free energy of H*(ΔGH*).Meanwhile,the NCNTs-confined CoP-Ni_(2)P induced by phosphating accelerates the reconstruction of the CoOOH-NiOOH compared with Ni-Co,therebyboosting the reaction kinetics of efficient OWS due to the reduced reaction energy barrier of O-O coupling.As expected,the CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF favors a low overpotential of 67/203 mV@10 mA cm^(-2)for the HER/OER,realizing an ultralow cell voltage of 1.52V@10 mA cm^(-2)for OWS and long-term durability at various current densities.This work provides a feasible approach to tuning the composition and structure of highefficiency electrocatalysts for the production of green hydrogen.展开更多
Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing ...Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing number of blood cargo-loaded exosomes are emerging as potential biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.Therefo re,we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of molecular biomarkers derived from blood exosomes to comprehensively analyze their diagnostic performance in preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.We performed a literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library from their inception to August 15,2020.The research subjects mainly included Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and preclinical Alzheimer's disease.We identified 34 observational studies,of which 15 were included in the quantitative analysis(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score 5.87 points)and 19 were used in the qualitative analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that core biomarkers including Aβ_(1-42),P-T181-tau,P-S396-tau,and T-tau were increased in blood neuro nderived exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease patients.M olecules related to additional risk facto rs that are involved in neuroinflammation(C1q),metabolism disorder(P-S312-IRS-1),neurotrophic deficiency(HGF),vascular injury(VEGF-D),and autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction(cathepsin D)were also increased.At the gene level,the differential expression of transc ription-related factors(REST)and microRNAs(miR-132)also affects RNA splicing,transport,and translation.These pathological changes contribute to neural loss and synaptic dysfunction.The data confirm that the above-mentioned core molecules and additional ris k-related factors in blood exosomes can serve as candidate biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.These findings support further development of exosome biomarkers for a clinical blood test for Alzheimer's disease.This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(Registration No.CRD4200173498,28/04/2020).展开更多
Developing electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy and power densities,long cycling life,as well as low cost is of great significance.Hybrid metal-ion capacitors(MICs),commonly consisting of high energ...Developing electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy and power densities,long cycling life,as well as low cost is of great significance.Hybrid metal-ion capacitors(MICs),commonly consisting of high energy battery-type anodes and high power capacitor-type cathodes,have become a trade-off between batteries and supercapacitors.Tremendous efforts have been devoted to searching for high-performance electrode materials due to poor rate capability of anodes,low capacity of cathodes,and interior sluggish kinetic match.Carbon materials with large surface area,good electrical conductivity and stability have been considered to be ideal candidates for electrodes of MICs.In this review,the advanced carbon materials directly as cathodes and anodes of MICs are systematically summarized.Then,the key structural/chemical factors including the structure engineering,porous characteristics,and heteroatom incorporation for improving electrochemical performance of carbon materials are highlighted.Additionally,the challenges and opportunities for future research on carbon materials in MICs are also proposed.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Angiographic embolization (AE) as an adjunct non-operative treatment of intrahepatic arterial bleeding has been widely used. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selective AE in patients wit...BACKGROUND: Angiographic embolization (AE) as an adjunct non-operative treatment of intrahepatic arterial bleeding has been widely used. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selective AE in patients with hepatic trauma.METHODS: Seventy patients with intrahepatic arterial bleeding after blunt abdominal trauma who had undergone selective AE in 10 years at this institution were retrospectively reviewed.The criteria for selective AE included active extravasation on contrast-enhanced CT, an episode of hypotension or a decrease in hemoglobin level during the non-operative treatment. The data of the patients included demographics,grade of liver injuries, mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma,associated intra-abdominal injuries, indications for AE,angiographic findings, type of AE, and AE-related hepatobiliary complications. RESULTS: In the 70 patients, 32 (45.71%) had high-grade liver injuries. Extravazation during the early arterial phase mainly involved the right hepatic segments. Thirteen (18.57%) patients underwent embolization of intrahepatic branches and the extrahepatic trunk and these patients all developed AE-related hepatobiliary complications. In 19 patients with AE-related complications, 14 received minimally invasive treatment and recovered without severe sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: AE is an adjunct treatment for liver injuries.Selective and/or super-selective AE should be advocated to decrease the incidence and severity of AE-related hepatobiliary complications.展开更多
Objective： In this paper, we review the previous classic research paradigms of a mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and reflect the medical response to the Wenchuan earthquake and Hangzhou bus tire, in ord...Objective： In this paper, we review the previous classic research paradigms of a mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and reflect the medical response to the Wenchuan earthquake and Hangzhou bus tire, in order to outline and develop an improved research paradigm for MCI management. Methods： We searched PubMed, EMBASE China Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies. The following key words and medical subject headings were used： ＇mass casualty incident＇, ＇MCI＇, ＇research method＇, ＇Wenchuan＇, ＇earthquake＇, ＇research paradigm＇, ＇science of surge＇, ＇surge＇, ＇surge capacity＇, and ＇vulnerability＇. Searches were performed without year or language restriction. After searching the four literature databases using the above listed key words and medical subject headings, related articles containing research paradigms of MCI, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, July 5 bus fire, and science of surge and vulnerability were independently included by two authors. Results： The current progresses on MCI management include new golden hour, damage control philosophy, chain of survival, and three links theory. In addition, there are three evaluation methods （medical severity index （MSI）, potential injury creating event （PICE） classification, and disaster severity scale （DSS））, which can dynamically assess the MCI situations and decisions for MCI responses and can be made based on the results of such evaluations. However, the three methods only offer a retrospective evaluation of MCI and thus fail to develop a real-time assessment of MCI responses. Therefore, they cannot be used as practical guidance for decision-making during MCI. Although the theory of surge science has made great improvements, we found that a very important factor has been ignored--vulnerability, based on reflecting on the MCI response to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and July 5 bus fire in Hangzhou. Conclusions： This new paradigm breaks through the limitation of traditional research paradigms and will contribute to the development of a methodology for disaster research.展开更多
To the Editor： As we have known, Emergency Medicine is an interdisciplinary subject and has many hot spots for research. However, many researchers often worry that their research is too narrowed or not so cutting edg...To the Editor： As we have known, Emergency Medicine is an interdisciplinary subject and has many hot spots for research. However, many researchers often worry that their research is too narrowed or not so cutting edge as to be accepted by journals with high impact thctor （IFs）. Why？ One reason perhaps lies in the fact that many of them have difficulty in following the fronts and hot spots in internal Emergency Medicine research.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072002 and 52372037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22108003)+3 种基金the Outstanding Scientific Research and Innovation Team Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(No.2023AH010015)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M750012)the Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(No.2023AH030026)the financial support from the Anhui International Research Center of Energy Materials Green Manufacturing and Biotechnology
文摘The size tuning of one-dimensional(1D)spatially confined electrocatalysts with abundant exposed active sites is still a huge challenge for electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)and overall water splitting(OWS).Herein,we construct CoPNi_(2)P heterostructure embedded ultrafine N-doped carbon nanotubes(CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF)with a diameter size of about 50 nm from 2D cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework(Co-ZIF-L/NF)via phosphorylation strategy,while Co-Ni embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes with a diameter of about 200 nm are constructed via carbonization.The size-tuned CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF possesses abundant active sites and electron transport pathways,and the stability of CoP-Ni_(2)P heterostructure is improved by carbon coating.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation results verify that the Ni_(2)P and CoP heterojunction synergistic ally promotes the electron redistribution of the Co-Ni to optimize Gibbs free energy of H*(ΔGH*).Meanwhile,the NCNTs-confined CoP-Ni_(2)P induced by phosphating accelerates the reconstruction of the CoOOH-NiOOH compared with Ni-Co,therebyboosting the reaction kinetics of efficient OWS due to the reduced reaction energy barrier of O-O coupling.As expected,the CoP-Ni_(2)P@U-NCNTs/NF favors a low overpotential of 67/203 mV@10 mA cm^(-2)for the HER/OER,realizing an ultralow cell voltage of 1.52V@10 mA cm^(-2)for OWS and long-term durability at various current densities.This work provides a feasible approach to tuning the composition and structure of highefficiency electrocatalysts for the production of green hydrogen.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Project),No.82030123(to LDC)the Science and Technology Platform Construction Project of Fujian Science and Technology Department,No.2018Y2002(to LDC)。
文摘Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing number of blood cargo-loaded exosomes are emerging as potential biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.Therefo re,we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of molecular biomarkers derived from blood exosomes to comprehensively analyze their diagnostic performance in preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.We performed a literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library from their inception to August 15,2020.The research subjects mainly included Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and preclinical Alzheimer's disease.We identified 34 observational studies,of which 15 were included in the quantitative analysis(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score 5.87 points)and 19 were used in the qualitative analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that core biomarkers including Aβ_(1-42),P-T181-tau,P-S396-tau,and T-tau were increased in blood neuro nderived exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease patients.M olecules related to additional risk facto rs that are involved in neuroinflammation(C1q),metabolism disorder(P-S312-IRS-1),neurotrophic deficiency(HGF),vascular injury(VEGF-D),and autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction(cathepsin D)were also increased.At the gene level,the differential expression of transc ription-related factors(REST)and microRNAs(miR-132)also affects RNA splicing,transport,and translation.These pathological changes contribute to neural loss and synaptic dysfunction.The data confirm that the above-mentioned core molecules and additional ris k-related factors in blood exosomes can serve as candidate biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.These findings support further development of exosome biomarkers for a clinical blood test for Alzheimer's disease.This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(Registration No.CRD4200173498,28/04/2020).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872005,52072002 and 22108003)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department(No.KJ2021A0401)+1 种基金WanJiang Scholar ProgramAnhui International Research Center of Energy Materials Green Manufacturing and Biotechnology。
文摘Developing electrochemical energy storage devices with high energy and power densities,long cycling life,as well as low cost is of great significance.Hybrid metal-ion capacitors(MICs),commonly consisting of high energy battery-type anodes and high power capacitor-type cathodes,have become a trade-off between batteries and supercapacitors.Tremendous efforts have been devoted to searching for high-performance electrode materials due to poor rate capability of anodes,low capacity of cathodes,and interior sluggish kinetic match.Carbon materials with large surface area,good electrical conductivity and stability have been considered to be ideal candidates for electrodes of MICs.In this review,the advanced carbon materials directly as cathodes and anodes of MICs are systematically summarized.Then,the key structural/chemical factors including the structure engineering,porous characteristics,and heteroatom incorporation for improving electrochemical performance of carbon materials are highlighted.Additionally,the challenges and opportunities for future research on carbon materials in MICs are also proposed.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Support program of China (2012BAI15B08)the Chinese PLA Air Force Logistics Department Science Support program (BKJ02J001)
文摘BACKGROUND: Angiographic embolization (AE) as an adjunct non-operative treatment of intrahepatic arterial bleeding has been widely used. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selective AE in patients with hepatic trauma.METHODS: Seventy patients with intrahepatic arterial bleeding after blunt abdominal trauma who had undergone selective AE in 10 years at this institution were retrospectively reviewed.The criteria for selective AE included active extravasation on contrast-enhanced CT, an episode of hypotension or a decrease in hemoglobin level during the non-operative treatment. The data of the patients included demographics,grade of liver injuries, mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma,associated intra-abdominal injuries, indications for AE,angiographic findings, type of AE, and AE-related hepatobiliary complications. RESULTS: In the 70 patients, 32 (45.71%) had high-grade liver injuries. Extravazation during the early arterial phase mainly involved the right hepatic segments. Thirteen (18.57%) patients underwent embolization of intrahepatic branches and the extrahepatic trunk and these patients all developed AE-related hepatobiliary complications. In 19 patients with AE-related complications, 14 received minimally invasive treatment and recovered without severe sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: AE is an adjunct treatment for liver injuries.Selective and/or super-selective AE should be advocated to decrease the incidence and severity of AE-related hepatobiliary complications.
基金Project supported by the Research Fund of Ministry of Health of China(No.N20080022)the Major Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2009C03010-3)+1 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.200921012)the Educational Commission of Zhejiang Province(No.Y200908921),China
文摘Objective： In this paper, we review the previous classic research paradigms of a mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and reflect the medical response to the Wenchuan earthquake and Hangzhou bus tire, in order to outline and develop an improved research paradigm for MCI management. Methods： We searched PubMed, EMBASE China Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies. The following key words and medical subject headings were used： ＇mass casualty incident＇, ＇MCI＇, ＇research method＇, ＇Wenchuan＇, ＇earthquake＇, ＇research paradigm＇, ＇science of surge＇, ＇surge＇, ＇surge capacity＇, and ＇vulnerability＇. Searches were performed without year or language restriction. After searching the four literature databases using the above listed key words and medical subject headings, related articles containing research paradigms of MCI, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, July 5 bus fire, and science of surge and vulnerability were independently included by two authors. Results： The current progresses on MCI management include new golden hour, damage control philosophy, chain of survival, and three links theory. In addition, there are three evaluation methods （medical severity index （MSI）, potential injury creating event （PICE） classification, and disaster severity scale （DSS））, which can dynamically assess the MCI situations and decisions for MCI responses and can be made based on the results of such evaluations. However, the three methods only offer a retrospective evaluation of MCI and thus fail to develop a real-time assessment of MCI responses. Therefore, they cannot be used as practical guidance for decision-making during MCI. Although the theory of surge science has made great improvements, we found that a very important factor has been ignored--vulnerability, based on reflecting on the MCI response to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and July 5 bus fire in Hangzhou. Conclusions： This new paradigm breaks through the limitation of traditional research paradigms and will contribute to the development of a methodology for disaster research.
文摘To the Editor： As we have known, Emergency Medicine is an interdisciplinary subject and has many hot spots for research. However, many researchers often worry that their research is too narrowed or not so cutting edge as to be accepted by journals with high impact thctor （IFs）. Why？ One reason perhaps lies in the fact that many of them have difficulty in following the fronts and hot spots in internal Emergency Medicine research.
