β-cryptoxanthin （CRY）, a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is obtained naturally from orange vegetables and fruits. A few research studies have reported that CRY could decrease oxidative stress and...β-cryptoxanthin （CRY）, a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is obtained naturally from orange vegetables and fruits. A few research studies have reported that CRY could decrease oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRY on acute cadmium chloride （CdCl2）-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. For this study, 24 rats were divided into four groups, one of which serves as a control group that received intraperitoneal （i.p.） injections of corn oil and physiological saline. The other rats were i.p. injected with CRY （10 μg kg^-1） every 8 h, beginning 8 h before CdCI2 （2.0 mg kg^-1） treatment. The pathological and TUNEL findings revealed that CRY ameliorated the Cd-induced testicular histological changes and germ cell apoptosis in the rats, Furthermore, the Cd-induced decrease in the testicular testosterone （T） level was attenuated after CRY administration （P 〈 0.05）. The administration of CRY significantly reversed the Cd-induced increases in the lipid peroxide （LPO） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels （P 〈 0.01）. The testicular antioxidants superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione （GSH） were decreased by treatment with Cd alone but were restored by CRY co-treatment. These results demonstrated that the application of CRY can enhance the tolerance of rats to Cd-induced oxidative damage and suggest that it has promised as a pharmacological agent to protect against Cd-induced testicular toxicity.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin...Objective:To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin administration for three months.The peripheral circulating EPCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation,and their functions,cell cycle distribution,apoptosis,and Sirt1 expression were examined.The function changes of EPCs in the presence or absence of Sirt1 agonist and inhibitor were estimated;meanwhile,the expressions of Sirt1,FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 were also evaluated.Results:The proliferation,adhesion,and migration of EPCs decreased while the apoptosis rate was increased in the COPD rats.The expression of Sirt1 protein in EPCs of the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).The overexpression of the Sirt1 gene using a gene transfection technique or Sirt1 agonists(SRT1720)improved the proliferation,migration,and adhesion,and decreased the apoptosis of EPC.However,Sirt1 inhibitor(EX527)decreased EPC functions in the COPD group.The effect of Sirt1 expression on EPC function may be related to reduction of FOXO3a and increase of NF-κB and p53 activity.Conclusions:Increased expression of Sirt1 can improve the proliferation and migration of EPCs and reduce their apoptosis in COPD rats.This change may be related to FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 signaling pathways.展开更多
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis with characteristics of acute onset, rapid change in the disease and high mortality. Since current clinical treatment can only alleviate the unfavorable condi...Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis with characteristics of acute onset, rapid change in the disease and high mortality. Since current clinical treatment can only alleviate the unfavorable condition to a certain extent but cure, we urgently need to find an effective treatment. Most scholars believe that sepsis-induced ALI is associated with extensive mitochondrial damage. In recent years, a widely studied pluripotent stem cell that is mesenchymal stem cell has been proved to alleviate and treat sepsis-induced ALI by transporting mitochondria via nanotubes in a microtubule-dependent manner. Research progress in this field will be reviewed in this study.展开更多
Paraquat (PQ, methyl viologen) was widely used in agricultural production throughout the world in 1962 for its efficient herbicidal activity. PQ was also highly toxic drug. About 5 mL medicine including 20% paraquat w...Paraquat (PQ, methyl viologen) was widely used in agricultural production throughout the world in 1962 for its efficient herbicidal activity. PQ was also highly toxic drug. About 5 mL medicine including 20% paraquat was life-threatening that can cause poisoning. In 1966, some people died because of PQ poisoning. Most patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome after 2 wk, and 70% of them died due to the lack of effective detoxification drugs. Thus, it was particularly important to understand the pathogenesis of PQ poisoning and give some effective treatments. This article will review the toxicological mechanism and treatment on PQ poisoning of acute lung injury.展开更多
1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symp...1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544?000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].Rescue of SCD patients in the shortest time is important as the survival rate will decrease by 7%-10%if the rescue is delayed for one minute[3].However,SCD mostly occurs in public places outside the hospital,including public sports places,transportation hubs(such as airports,railway stations,and subway stations),shopping centers,factories,and so on.Therefore,out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is a huge threat to people's lives."Chain of survival"proposed by the American Heart Association in 2015 emphasized the importance of early call for help,rapid implementation of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and immediate use of an automated external defibrillator(AED)in improving the survival rate of OHCA patients.Studies have shown that conducting CPR within 1 min and AEDs defibrillation within 3 to 5 min can achieve a 50%to 70%survival rate for cardiac arrest patients[4].Therefore,early defibrillation of OHCA patients will markedly increase the survival rate.展开更多
Objective:To explore the protective effects of anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AH_(2)QDS)on the kidneys of paraquat(PQ)poisoned rats via the apelin-APJ pathway.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into fou...Objective:To explore the protective effects of anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AH_(2)QDS)on the kidneys of paraquat(PQ)poisoned rats via the apelin-APJ pathway.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups:control,PQ,PQ+sivelestat,and PQ+AH_(2)QDS.The PQ+sivelestat group served as the positive control group.The model of poisoning was established via intragastric treatment with a 20%PQ pesticide solution at 200 mg/kg.Two hours after poisoning,the PQ+sivelestat group was treated with sivelestat,while the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group was given AH_(2)QDS.Six rats were selected from each group on the first,third,and seventh days after poisoning and dissected after anesthesia.The PQ content of the kidneys was measured using the sodium disulfite method.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of renal tissues was performed to detect pathological changes.Apelin expression in the renal tissues was detected using immunofluorescence.Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the following proteins in the kidney tissues:IL-6,TNF-α,apelin-APJ(the apelin-angiotensin receptor),NF-κB p65,caspase-1,caspase-8,glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),and the C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP).In in vitro study,a PQ toxicity model was established using human tubular epithelial cells treated with standard PQ.Twenty-four hours after poisoning,sivelestat and AH_(2)QDS were administered.The levels of oxidative stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells were assessed using a reactive oxygen species fluorescence probe.Results:The PQ content in the kidney tissues of the PQ group was higher than that of the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed extensive hemorrhage and congestion in the renal parenchyma of the PQ group.Vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubule epithelial cells,deposition of crescent-like red staining material in renal follicles,infiltration by a few inflammatory cells,and a small number of cast formation were also observed.However,these pathological changes were less severe in the PQ+sivelestat group and the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group(P<0.05).On the third day after poisoning,immunofluorescence assay showed that the level of apelin in the renal tissues was significantly higher in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group than in the PQ group.Western blotting analysis results showed that IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB p65,caspase-1,caspase-8,GRP78,and CHOP protein levels in the PQ group were higher than in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group(P<0.05).The expression of apelin-APJ proteins in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group was higher than in the PQ+sivelestat and PQ groups(P<0.05);this difference was significant on Day 3 and Day 7.The level of oxidative stress in the renal tubular epithelial cells of the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group and the PQ+sivelestat group was significantly lower than in the PQ group(P<0.05).Conclusions:This study confirms that AH_(2)QDS has a protective effect on PQ-poisoned kidneys and its positive effect is superior to that of sivelestat.The mechanism of the protective effects of AH_(2)QDS may be linked to reduction in cellular oxidative stress,PQ content of renal tissue,inflammatory injury,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and apoptosis.AH_(2)QDS may play a role in the treatment of PQ poisoning by upregulating the expression of the apelin-APJ.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of midkine on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs).Methods:LPS-stimulated acute lung injury model was used to analyze the effect of midkine on ASMCs in vit...Objective:To evaluate the effect of midkine on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs).Methods:LPS-stimulated acute lung injury model was used to analyze the effect of midkine on ASMCs in vitro.Recombinant midkine and midkine siRNA were used to investigate the role of Notch2 signaling pathway.Cell proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.Additionally,apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and protein and mRNA expression of midkine and Notch2 was assessed by Western blotting and qPCR,respectively.Immunofluorescence analysis was also conducted.Results:LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of midkine and Notch2.Midkine silencing reduced LPS-induced midkine and Notch2 expression.In addition,midkine silencing further reduced the viability and increased apoptosis of ASMCs induced by LPS,which was attenuated by recombinant midkine.Conclusions:The midkine/Notch2 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in ASMC proliferation and apoptosis in airway inflammation.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells. Methods: Regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury...Objective: To study the effects of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells. Methods: Regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury were used to induce SK-HEP1 cells after enrichment, their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEPI cells were observed through in vitro cell culture, MTT, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Results:In response to the action of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury, SK-HEP1 cells were blocked in G_0/G_1 phase, their growth rate was distinctly reduced. The number of SK-HEP1^(-fj)colonies decreased. The migration ability of SK-HEPI cells showed a decreased trend on day7 and day 11 after induction. SK-HEPl's invasion ability clearly decreased on days 7 and11 after induction, especially on day 7. Conclusions: To a certain extent, regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury can inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells, showing an important potential of being a differentiating agent for the treatment of liver cancer.展开更多
Objective: To explore the characteristics of medical emergency disease spectra in Emergency Department of Haikou, China;and to provide clinical data for emergent disease treatment as well as emergency department perso...Objective: To explore the characteristics of medical emergency disease spectra in Emergency Department of Haikou, China;and to provide clinical data for emergent disease treatment as well as emergency department personnel and equipment management. Methods: A total of 11870 patients (over 16 years old) who visited Emergency Departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou city from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015 were selected. Data on patients' age, sex, diagnosis, treatment duration, and treatment month were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. Results: Peak treatment times were from 18:00 to 24:00. The top four diseases were involved with respiratory, digestive, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, respectively. Respiratory problems peaked from November to February and digestive problems peaked from February to August. Temperatures ranging from >22.5 ℃to 26 ℃ and high humidity exacerbated respiratory and digestive system diseases. Conclusion:The frequency of specific diseases that require emergency room care are affected by the local climate of Hainan Province.展开更多
Objective:To determine whether endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) can rapidly distinguish among lung cancer,tuberculosis and sarcodosis,and to explore its sensitivity and spec...Objective:To determine whether endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) can rapidly distinguish among lung cancer,tuberculosis and sarcodosis,and to explore its sensitivity and specificity.Methods:Clinical data of patients with enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS-TBNA at our hospital between September 1,2012 and June 30,2015 for were retrospectively analyzed.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predicted value [including 95% confidence interval (CI)] were calculated..Results:A total of 299 lymph nodes from 201 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA were selected and no serious complications occurred.EBUS-TBNA showed a sensitivity of 87.9% (124/141) (95% CI:81%-92%),a specificity of 100.0% (124/124) (95% CI:97%-100%),and a negative predicted value of 41.3% (95% CI:23%-61%) in the detection of lung cancer.The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculosis lymphadenitis were 72.4% (21/29) (95% CI:53%-87%) and 100.0% (95% CI:82%-100%);while sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of sarcoidosis were 71.4% (5/7) (95% CI:29%-96%) and 100.0% (95% CI:91%-100%).Conclusions:The sensitivity and specificity of EBUS-TBNA do not significantly differ for a diagnosis of lung cancer versus tuberculosis or sarcodosis.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFan...Objective:To systematically evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang Data,and VIP Database from the inception of each database to August 31,2021.Randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)on the safety of different types of COVID-19 vaccines were retrieved and analyzed.A random or fixed-effects model was used with an odds ratio as the effect size.The quality of each reference was evaluated.The incidence of the adverse reactions of the placebo group and the vaccination group was compared.Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care of by meta-regression and sub-group analyses.Results:A total of 13 articles were included,with 81287 subjects.Compared with the placebo group,the vaccination group showed a higher combined risk ratio(RR)of total adverse reactions(RR=1.67,95%CI:1.46-1.91,P<0.01),local adverse reactions(RR=2.86,95%CI:2.11-3.87,P<0.01),systemic adverse reactions(RR=1.25,95%CI:0.92-1.72,P=0.16),pain(RR=2.55,95%CI:1.75-3.70,P<0.01),swelling(RR=4.16,95%CI:1.71-10.17,P=0.002),fever(RR=2.34,95%CI:1.84-2.97,P<0.01),fatigue(RR=1.36,95%CI:1.32-1.41,P<0.01)and headache(RR=1.22,95%CI:1.18-1.26,P<0.01).The subgroup analysis showed the incidence of adverse reactions of the vaccination group after injection of the three COVID-19 vaccines(inactivated viral vaccines,mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines)was higher than that of the placebo group,and the difference between the placebo group and the vaccination group in the mRNA vaccine subgroup and the adenovirus vector vaccine subgroup was statistically significant(P<0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions after injection of COVID-19 vaccine in subgroups of different ages was significantly higher than that in the placebo group(P<0.01).Conclusions:COVID-19 vaccines have a good safety,among which adenovirus vector vaccine has the highest incidence of adverse reactions.Both adolescents and adults vaccinated with novel coronavirus vaccine have a certain proportion of adverse reactions,but the symptoms are mild and can be relieved by themselves.Our meta-analysis can help boost global awareness of vaccine safety,promote mass vaccination,help build regional and global immune barriers and effectively curb the recurrency of COVID-19.展开更多
The epidemic caused by the new coronavirus infection is a global public health emergency. The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused more deaths in China than the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003. Since the virus ha...The epidemic caused by the new coronavirus infection is a global public health emergency. The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused more deaths in China than the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003. Since the virus has a high homology with SARS-CoV, it is speculates that it may infect cells through the S protein-ACE2 pathway then cause tracheal epithelial cell damage and alveolar damage, further induce inflammatory factor storm and trigger apoptosis cascade reaction and other mechanisms leading to acute lung injury. At early stage, the new coronavirus pneumonia mainly presents with non-specific manifestations of fatigue, fever, cough, etc., Then the respiratory tract will be involved, and evolved into the new type of infectious disease with lung lesions. Under radiology images, ground glass-like changes can be observed in the lungs. With its aggravation, progressive hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even death occurs. At present, the correlation between the new coronavirus pneumonia and acute lung injury is not yet clear. This article reviews the characteristics of the new coronavirus, the possible mechanism of acute lung injury in new coronavirus pneumonia, post-infection diagnosis and current treatment options in order to provide evidence for its treatment.展开更多
Paraquat is a bipyridine dichloride non-selective herbicide,which was widely used in the world in the last century.Now,paraquat is banned in most countries because of the extremely high lethality and the lack of speci...Paraquat is a bipyridine dichloride non-selective herbicide,which was widely used in the world in the last century.Now,paraquat is banned in most countries because of the extremely high lethality and the lack of specific detoxification drugs.However,death due to paraquat poisoning still occurs frequently,thus it is of great clinical significance to explore the molecular mechanism of paraquat poisoning and the detoxification drugs.Paraquat poisoning causes multiple dysfunction of the lung,liver,kidney,heart,and brain through complex molecular mechanisms.About the mechanism there are excessive inflammatory reaction theory,REDOX reaction imbalance theory,oxidative stress free radical damage theory,calcium overload theory,NO molecular damage and cell apoptosis theory,etc.For the treatment of paraquat poisoning,paraquat antibody,pathway target blocker and related factor antibody have been developed in recent years.Although certain effects have been achieved,the treatment efficiency has not been significantly improved.This paper summarized the mechanism of signal transduction pathways involved in lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research.展开更多
1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symp...1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].展开更多
Midkine(MK)is a heparin-bound growth factor.Initially MK was discovered and only expressed during the embryonic period.As the advances of research,MK was found to be expressed in many diseases,such as tumor diseases(p...Midkine(MK)is a heparin-bound growth factor.Initially MK was discovered and only expressed during the embryonic period.As the advances of research,MK was found to be expressed in many diseases,such as tumor diseases(pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,lung cancer,etc.),acute orchronic inflammatory diseases(ARDS,Chronic renal failure,COPD,etc.),which are related to the molecular structure,signaling pathways and biological effects of MK.Although the signaling pathway mechanism of MK has not been fully elucidated,it is necessary to study its signaling pathway mechanism and play a key role in the treatment of some clinical diseases.This article summarizes the molecular structure of MK and related mechanisms of MK and related diseases,and summarizes how MK participates in the occurrence and development of diseases.And provide a reference for MK may become an important target for disease diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
文摘β-cryptoxanthin （CRY）, a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is obtained naturally from orange vegetables and fruits. A few research studies have reported that CRY could decrease oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRY on acute cadmium chloride （CdCl2）-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. For this study, 24 rats were divided into four groups, one of which serves as a control group that received intraperitoneal （i.p.） injections of corn oil and physiological saline. The other rats were i.p. injected with CRY （10 μg kg^-1） every 8 h, beginning 8 h before CdCI2 （2.0 mg kg^-1） treatment. The pathological and TUNEL findings revealed that CRY ameliorated the Cd-induced testicular histological changes and germ cell apoptosis in the rats, Furthermore, the Cd-induced decrease in the testicular testosterone （T） level was attenuated after CRY administration （P 〈 0.05）. The administration of CRY significantly reversed the Cd-induced increases in the lipid peroxide （LPO） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels （P 〈 0.01）. The testicular antioxidants superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione （GSH） were decreased by treatment with Cd alone but were restored by CRY co-treatment. These results demonstrated that the application of CRY can enhance the tolerance of rats to Cd-induced oxidative damage and suggest that it has promised as a pharmacological agent to protect against Cd-induced testicular toxicity.
基金supported by NSCF(No.81260010,81460006 and 81660011)Hainan Natural Science Fund(No.20168264,817134)supported by Hainan Clinical Medical Center,China,we express our appreciation for their funding.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin administration for three months.The peripheral circulating EPCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation,and their functions,cell cycle distribution,apoptosis,and Sirt1 expression were examined.The function changes of EPCs in the presence or absence of Sirt1 agonist and inhibitor were estimated;meanwhile,the expressions of Sirt1,FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 were also evaluated.Results:The proliferation,adhesion,and migration of EPCs decreased while the apoptosis rate was increased in the COPD rats.The expression of Sirt1 protein in EPCs of the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).The overexpression of the Sirt1 gene using a gene transfection technique or Sirt1 agonists(SRT1720)improved the proliferation,migration,and adhesion,and decreased the apoptosis of EPC.However,Sirt1 inhibitor(EX527)decreased EPC functions in the COPD group.The effect of Sirt1 expression on EPC function may be related to reduction of FOXO3a and increase of NF-κB and p53 activity.Conclusions:Increased expression of Sirt1 can improve the proliferation and migration of EPCs and reduce their apoptosis in COPD rats.This change may be related to FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 signaling pathways.
文摘Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis with characteristics of acute onset, rapid change in the disease and high mortality. Since current clinical treatment can only alleviate the unfavorable condition to a certain extent but cure, we urgently need to find an effective treatment. Most scholars believe that sepsis-induced ALI is associated with extensive mitochondrial damage. In recent years, a widely studied pluripotent stem cell that is mesenchymal stem cell has been proved to alleviate and treat sepsis-induced ALI by transporting mitochondria via nanotubes in a microtubule-dependent manner. Research progress in this field will be reviewed in this study.
文摘Paraquat (PQ, methyl viologen) was widely used in agricultural production throughout the world in 1962 for its efficient herbicidal activity. PQ was also highly toxic drug. About 5 mL medicine including 20% paraquat was life-threatening that can cause poisoning. In 1966, some people died because of PQ poisoning. Most patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome after 2 wk, and 70% of them died due to the lack of effective detoxification drugs. Thus, it was particularly important to understand the pathogenesis of PQ poisoning and give some effective treatments. This article will review the toxicological mechanism and treatment on PQ poisoning of acute lung injury.
基金This study was supported by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-023)Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(ZDKJ201804)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871611)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760352)Project of Hainan Provincial Department of Education(Hnjg2019ZD-16).
文摘1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544?000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].Rescue of SCD patients in the shortest time is important as the survival rate will decrease by 7%-10%if the rescue is delayed for one minute[3].However,SCD mostly occurs in public places outside the hospital,including public sports places,transportation hubs(such as airports,railway stations,and subway stations),shopping centers,factories,and so on.Therefore,out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is a huge threat to people's lives."Chain of survival"proposed by the American Heart Association in 2015 emphasized the importance of early call for help,rapid implementation of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and immediate use of an automated external defibrillator(AED)in improving the survival rate of OHCA patients.Studies have shown that conducting CPR within 1 min and AEDs defibrillation within 3 to 5 min can achieve a 50%to 70%survival rate for cardiac arrest patients[4].Therefore,early defibrillation of OHCA patients will markedly increase the survival rate.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960351)Social Development Key Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2019125)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(820QN398)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center.
文摘Objective:To explore the protective effects of anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AH_(2)QDS)on the kidneys of paraquat(PQ)poisoned rats via the apelin-APJ pathway.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups:control,PQ,PQ+sivelestat,and PQ+AH_(2)QDS.The PQ+sivelestat group served as the positive control group.The model of poisoning was established via intragastric treatment with a 20%PQ pesticide solution at 200 mg/kg.Two hours after poisoning,the PQ+sivelestat group was treated with sivelestat,while the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group was given AH_(2)QDS.Six rats were selected from each group on the first,third,and seventh days after poisoning and dissected after anesthesia.The PQ content of the kidneys was measured using the sodium disulfite method.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of renal tissues was performed to detect pathological changes.Apelin expression in the renal tissues was detected using immunofluorescence.Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the following proteins in the kidney tissues:IL-6,TNF-α,apelin-APJ(the apelin-angiotensin receptor),NF-κB p65,caspase-1,caspase-8,glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),and the C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP).In in vitro study,a PQ toxicity model was established using human tubular epithelial cells treated with standard PQ.Twenty-four hours after poisoning,sivelestat and AH_(2)QDS were administered.The levels of oxidative stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells were assessed using a reactive oxygen species fluorescence probe.Results:The PQ content in the kidney tissues of the PQ group was higher than that of the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed extensive hemorrhage and congestion in the renal parenchyma of the PQ group.Vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubule epithelial cells,deposition of crescent-like red staining material in renal follicles,infiltration by a few inflammatory cells,and a small number of cast formation were also observed.However,these pathological changes were less severe in the PQ+sivelestat group and the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group(P<0.05).On the third day after poisoning,immunofluorescence assay showed that the level of apelin in the renal tissues was significantly higher in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group than in the PQ group.Western blotting analysis results showed that IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB p65,caspase-1,caspase-8,GRP78,and CHOP protein levels in the PQ group were higher than in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group(P<0.05).The expression of apelin-APJ proteins in the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group was higher than in the PQ+sivelestat and PQ groups(P<0.05);this difference was significant on Day 3 and Day 7.The level of oxidative stress in the renal tubular epithelial cells of the PQ+AH_(2)QDS group and the PQ+sivelestat group was significantly lower than in the PQ group(P<0.05).Conclusions:This study confirms that AH_(2)QDS has a protective effect on PQ-poisoned kidneys and its positive effect is superior to that of sivelestat.The mechanism of the protective effects of AH_(2)QDS may be linked to reduction in cellular oxidative stress,PQ content of renal tissue,inflammatory injury,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and apoptosis.AH_(2)QDS may play a role in the treatment of PQ poisoning by upregulating the expression of the apelin-APJ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81660011,81960351)Hainan Provincial Social Development Foundation(NO.ZDYFXGFY2020004)Hainan Provincial Medical and Health Research Project(NO.22A200036).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of midkine on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs).Methods:LPS-stimulated acute lung injury model was used to analyze the effect of midkine on ASMCs in vitro.Recombinant midkine and midkine siRNA were used to investigate the role of Notch2 signaling pathway.Cell proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.Additionally,apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and protein and mRNA expression of midkine and Notch2 was assessed by Western blotting and qPCR,respectively.Immunofluorescence analysis was also conducted.Results:LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of midkine and Notch2.Midkine silencing reduced LPS-induced midkine and Notch2 expression.In addition,midkine silencing further reduced the viability and increased apoptosis of ASMCs induced by LPS,which was attenuated by recombinant midkine.Conclusions:The midkine/Notch2 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in ASMC proliferation and apoptosis in airway inflammation.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells. Methods: Regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury were used to induce SK-HEP1 cells after enrichment, their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEPI cells were observed through in vitro cell culture, MTT, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Results:In response to the action of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury, SK-HEP1 cells were blocked in G_0/G_1 phase, their growth rate was distinctly reduced. The number of SK-HEP1^(-fj)colonies decreased. The migration ability of SK-HEPI cells showed a decreased trend on day7 and day 11 after induction. SK-HEPl's invasion ability clearly decreased on days 7 and11 after induction, especially on day 7. Conclusions: To a certain extent, regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury can inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells, showing an important potential of being a differentiating agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
基金grants from the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.81260010,81460006).
文摘Objective: To explore the characteristics of medical emergency disease spectra in Emergency Department of Haikou, China;and to provide clinical data for emergent disease treatment as well as emergency department personnel and equipment management. Methods: A total of 11870 patients (over 16 years old) who visited Emergency Departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou city from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015 were selected. Data on patients' age, sex, diagnosis, treatment duration, and treatment month were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. Results: Peak treatment times were from 18:00 to 24:00. The top four diseases were involved with respiratory, digestive, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, respectively. Respiratory problems peaked from November to February and digestive problems peaked from February to August. Temperatures ranging from >22.5 ℃to 26 ℃ and high humidity exacerbated respiratory and digestive system diseases. Conclusion:The frequency of specific diseases that require emergency room care are affected by the local climate of Hainan Province.
基金grants from the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.81260010,81460006).
文摘Objective:To determine whether endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) can rapidly distinguish among lung cancer,tuberculosis and sarcodosis,and to explore its sensitivity and specificity.Methods:Clinical data of patients with enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS-TBNA at our hospital between September 1,2012 and June 30,2015 for were retrospectively analyzed.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predicted value [including 95% confidence interval (CI)] were calculated..Results:A total of 299 lymph nodes from 201 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA were selected and no serious complications occurred.EBUS-TBNA showed a sensitivity of 87.9% (124/141) (95% CI:81%-92%),a specificity of 100.0% (124/124) (95% CI:97%-100%),and a negative predicted value of 41.3% (95% CI:23%-61%) in the detection of lung cancer.The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculosis lymphadenitis were 72.4% (21/29) (95% CI:53%-87%) and 100.0% (95% CI:82%-100%);while sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of sarcoidosis were 71.4% (5/7) (95% CI:29%-96%) and 100.0% (95% CI:91%-100%).Conclusions:The sensitivity and specificity of EBUS-TBNA do not significantly differ for a diagnosis of lung cancer versus tuberculosis or sarcodosis.
基金funded the Province Natural Science key Foundation of Hainan(No:ZDYFXGFY2020004 and No:ZDYF 2019125)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81960351)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center.
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang Data,and VIP Database from the inception of each database to August 31,2021.Randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)on the safety of different types of COVID-19 vaccines were retrieved and analyzed.A random or fixed-effects model was used with an odds ratio as the effect size.The quality of each reference was evaluated.The incidence of the adverse reactions of the placebo group and the vaccination group was compared.Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care of by meta-regression and sub-group analyses.Results:A total of 13 articles were included,with 81287 subjects.Compared with the placebo group,the vaccination group showed a higher combined risk ratio(RR)of total adverse reactions(RR=1.67,95%CI:1.46-1.91,P<0.01),local adverse reactions(RR=2.86,95%CI:2.11-3.87,P<0.01),systemic adverse reactions(RR=1.25,95%CI:0.92-1.72,P=0.16),pain(RR=2.55,95%CI:1.75-3.70,P<0.01),swelling(RR=4.16,95%CI:1.71-10.17,P=0.002),fever(RR=2.34,95%CI:1.84-2.97,P<0.01),fatigue(RR=1.36,95%CI:1.32-1.41,P<0.01)and headache(RR=1.22,95%CI:1.18-1.26,P<0.01).The subgroup analysis showed the incidence of adverse reactions of the vaccination group after injection of the three COVID-19 vaccines(inactivated viral vaccines,mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines)was higher than that of the placebo group,and the difference between the placebo group and the vaccination group in the mRNA vaccine subgroup and the adenovirus vector vaccine subgroup was statistically significant(P<0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions after injection of COVID-19 vaccine in subgroups of different ages was significantly higher than that in the placebo group(P<0.01).Conclusions:COVID-19 vaccines have a good safety,among which adenovirus vector vaccine has the highest incidence of adverse reactions.Both adolescents and adults vaccinated with novel coronavirus vaccine have a certain proportion of adverse reactions,but the symptoms are mild and can be relieved by themselves.Our meta-analysis can help boost global awareness of vaccine safety,promote mass vaccination,help build regional and global immune barriers and effectively curb the recurrency of COVID-19.
基金AHQDS study on the treatment of paraquat poisoning(ZDYF2019125)Midkine on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cels in SD rat COPD model and its molecular mechanism(81660011)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-023)
文摘The epidemic caused by the new coronavirus infection is a global public health emergency. The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused more deaths in China than the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003. Since the virus has a high homology with SARS-CoV, it is speculates that it may infect cells through the S protein-ACE2 pathway then cause tracheal epithelial cell damage and alveolar damage, further induce inflammatory factor storm and trigger apoptosis cascade reaction and other mechanisms leading to acute lung injury. At early stage, the new coronavirus pneumonia mainly presents with non-specific manifestations of fatigue, fever, cough, etc., Then the respiratory tract will be involved, and evolved into the new type of infectious disease with lung lesions. Under radiology images, ground glass-like changes can be observed in the lungs. With its aggravation, progressive hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even death occurs. At present, the correlation between the new coronavirus pneumonia and acute lung injury is not yet clear. This article reviews the characteristics of the new coronavirus, the possible mechanism of acute lung injury in new coronavirus pneumonia, post-infection diagnosis and current treatment options in order to provide evidence for its treatment.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China-Regional Project(No.81960351)Social development key project of Hainan province(No.ZDYF2019125).
文摘Paraquat is a bipyridine dichloride non-selective herbicide,which was widely used in the world in the last century.Now,paraquat is banned in most countries because of the extremely high lethality and the lack of specific detoxification drugs.However,death due to paraquat poisoning still occurs frequently,thus it is of great clinical significance to explore the molecular mechanism of paraquat poisoning and the detoxification drugs.Paraquat poisoning causes multiple dysfunction of the lung,liver,kidney,heart,and brain through complex molecular mechanisms.About the mechanism there are excessive inflammatory reaction theory,REDOX reaction imbalance theory,oxidative stress free radical damage theory,calcium overload theory,NO molecular damage and cell apoptosis theory,etc.For the treatment of paraquat poisoning,paraquat antibody,pathway target blocker and related factor antibody have been developed in recent years.Although certain effects have been achieved,the treatment efficiency has not been significantly improved.This paper summarized the mechanism of signal transduction pathways involved in lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-023)Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(No.ZDKJ201804)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871611)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760352)Project of Hainan Provincial Department of Education(No.Hnjg2019ZD-16)
文摘1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81660011)
文摘Midkine(MK)is a heparin-bound growth factor.Initially MK was discovered and only expressed during the embryonic period.As the advances of research,MK was found to be expressed in many diseases,such as tumor diseases(pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,lung cancer,etc.),acute orchronic inflammatory diseases(ARDS,Chronic renal failure,COPD,etc.),which are related to the molecular structure,signaling pathways and biological effects of MK.Although the signaling pathway mechanism of MK has not been fully elucidated,it is necessary to study its signaling pathway mechanism and play a key role in the treatment of some clinical diseases.This article summarizes the molecular structure of MK and related mechanisms of MK and related diseases,and summarizes how MK participates in the occurrence and development of diseases.And provide a reference for MK may become an important target for disease diagnosis and treatment.
