AIM:To investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of hyperreflective walls(HRW)in foveal cystoid spaces in patients with cystoid macular edema(CME)caused by retinal diseases and noninfectious uveitis(NIU).ME...AIM:To investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of hyperreflective walls(HRW)in foveal cystoid spaces in patients with cystoid macular edema(CME)caused by retinal diseases and noninfectious uveitis(NIU).METHODS:This retrospective cross-sectional study included 443 eyes with CME secondary to diabetic macular edema(DME),retinal vein occlusion(RVO),retinitis pigmentosa(RP),neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),and NIU.Demographic data,HRW features,and other spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)biomarkers were analyzed.RESULTS:HRW was observed in 40.9%of DME eyes(present,n=77,38 males,58.30±12.04y;absent,n=111,50 males,55.95±10.56y),32.5%of RVO eyes(present,n=49,22 males,64.53±11.90y;absent,n=102,42 males,60.67±11.73y),31.4%of nAMD eyes(present,n=16,8 males,70.13±7.75y;absent,n=35,13 males,73.91±9.11y),57.1%of RP eyes(present,n=12,4 males,40.50±12.06y;absent,n=9,4 males,44.11±14.32y),and 18.8%of uveitic macular edema(UME)eyes(present,n=6,3 males,30.83±16.23y;absent,n=26,12 males,43.46±17.58y).HRW was significantly associated with vitreoretinal abnormalities[odds ratio(OR),2.202;95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.342–3.613;P=0.002],hyperreflective foci(OR,3.33;95%CI,1.884–5.883;P<0.001),inner retinal layer disorganization(OR,1.816;95%CI,1.087–3.035;P=0.023),external limiting membrane disruptions(OR,3.476;95%CI,1.839–6.574;P<0.001),and disrupted ellipsoid zone length(OR,1.001;95%CI,1.000–1.002;P=0.04),and a high HRW height in the foveal cystoid spaces(OR,1.003;95%CI,1.001–1.006;P=0.003).CONCLUSION:HRW in foveal cystoid spaces is a common OCT finding in CME and is associated with more severe retinal structural damage and worse visual acuity.HRW may be utilized as a prognostic OCT biomarker for disease severity and treatment response in patients with CME.This study suggests that early detection of HRW and optimization of treatment strategies may improve patient prognosis.展开更多
We discuss a novel window to probe the origin of our universe via the mass functions of primordial black holes(PBHs).The mass functions of PBHs are simply estimated using the conventional Press-Schechter formalism for...We discuss a novel window to probe the origin of our universe via the mass functions of primordial black holes(PBHs).The mass functions of PBHs are simply estimated using the conventional Press-Schechter formalism for two paradigms of cosmic origin,including inflationaryΛCDM and bounce cosmology.The standard inflationaryΛCDM model cannot generate an appreciable number of massive PBHs;however,non-trivial inflation models with blue-tilted power spectra at small scales and matter bounce cosmology provide formation mechanisms for heavy PBHs,which in turn,may seed the observed supermassive black holes(SMBHs).By fitting the SMBH mass functions at high redshift(z~6)derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)and Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey(CFHQS)quasars,for two paradigms of cosmic origin,we derive constraints on the PBH density fraction fPBHat z~6 and the characteristic mass M_(★),with the prior assumption that all SMBHs stem from PBHs.We demonstrate that this newly proposed procedure,relying on astronomical measurements that utilize deep-field surveys of SMBHs at high redshift,can be used to constrain models of cosmic origin.Additionally,although not the main focus of this paper,we evolve the mass function from z~6 to z~0 through an assumption of 3×10^(8)-year Eddington’s accretion,and give a rough estimation of fPBHat z~0.展开更多
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases Independent and Open Project(No.2023tjswmm004)Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital High-level Innovative Talent Programme(No.YDYYRCXM-B2023-02).
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of hyperreflective walls(HRW)in foveal cystoid spaces in patients with cystoid macular edema(CME)caused by retinal diseases and noninfectious uveitis(NIU).METHODS:This retrospective cross-sectional study included 443 eyes with CME secondary to diabetic macular edema(DME),retinal vein occlusion(RVO),retinitis pigmentosa(RP),neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),and NIU.Demographic data,HRW features,and other spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)biomarkers were analyzed.RESULTS:HRW was observed in 40.9%of DME eyes(present,n=77,38 males,58.30±12.04y;absent,n=111,50 males,55.95±10.56y),32.5%of RVO eyes(present,n=49,22 males,64.53±11.90y;absent,n=102,42 males,60.67±11.73y),31.4%of nAMD eyes(present,n=16,8 males,70.13±7.75y;absent,n=35,13 males,73.91±9.11y),57.1%of RP eyes(present,n=12,4 males,40.50±12.06y;absent,n=9,4 males,44.11±14.32y),and 18.8%of uveitic macular edema(UME)eyes(present,n=6,3 males,30.83±16.23y;absent,n=26,12 males,43.46±17.58y).HRW was significantly associated with vitreoretinal abnormalities[odds ratio(OR),2.202;95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.342–3.613;P=0.002],hyperreflective foci(OR,3.33;95%CI,1.884–5.883;P<0.001),inner retinal layer disorganization(OR,1.816;95%CI,1.087–3.035;P=0.023),external limiting membrane disruptions(OR,3.476;95%CI,1.839–6.574;P<0.001),and disrupted ellipsoid zone length(OR,1.001;95%CI,1.000–1.002;P=0.04),and a high HRW height in the foveal cystoid spaces(OR,1.003;95%CI,1.001–1.006;P=0.003).CONCLUSION:HRW in foveal cystoid spaces is a common OCT finding in CME and is associated with more severe retinal structural damage and worse visual acuity.HRW may be utilized as a prognostic OCT biomarker for disease severity and treatment response in patients with CME.This study suggests that early detection of HRW and optimization of treatment strategies may improve patient prognosis.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203100)CAS Young Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(Grant No.JCTD-2022-20)+11 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875113,11961131007,12261131497,12003029,11833005,and 12192224)111 Project for“Observational and Theoretical Research on Dark Matter and Dark Energy”(Grant No.B23042)Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesCSC Innovation Talent FundsUSTC Fellowship for International CooperationUSTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class InitiativeCAS project for young scientists in basic research(Grant No.YSBR-006)Shanghai Municipality Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.KBH1512299)supported by the Disposizione del Presidente INFN n.24433 in INFN Sezione di Milanosupported in part by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of High Energy Physics(Grant No.DE-SC0019470)the Foundational Questions Institute(Grant No.FQXi-MGB-1927)the use of the computing cluster LINDA&JUDY in the particle cosmology group at USTC。
文摘We discuss a novel window to probe the origin of our universe via the mass functions of primordial black holes(PBHs).The mass functions of PBHs are simply estimated using the conventional Press-Schechter formalism for two paradigms of cosmic origin,including inflationaryΛCDM and bounce cosmology.The standard inflationaryΛCDM model cannot generate an appreciable number of massive PBHs;however,non-trivial inflation models with blue-tilted power spectra at small scales and matter bounce cosmology provide formation mechanisms for heavy PBHs,which in turn,may seed the observed supermassive black holes(SMBHs).By fitting the SMBH mass functions at high redshift(z~6)derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)and Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey(CFHQS)quasars,for two paradigms of cosmic origin,we derive constraints on the PBH density fraction fPBHat z~6 and the characteristic mass M_(★),with the prior assumption that all SMBHs stem from PBHs.We demonstrate that this newly proposed procedure,relying on astronomical measurements that utilize deep-field surveys of SMBHs at high redshift,can be used to constrain models of cosmic origin.Additionally,although not the main focus of this paper,we evolve the mass function from z~6 to z~0 through an assumption of 3×10^(8)-year Eddington’s accretion,and give a rough estimation of fPBHat z~0.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2203100)CAS Young Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2022–20)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875113,11961131007,12261131497,12003029,11833005,and 12192224)the 111 Project for“Observational and Theoretical Research on Dark Matter and Dark Energy”(B23042)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universitiesthe Disposizione del Presidente INFN n.24433 in INFN Sezione di MilanoChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0355)CSC Innovation Talent FundsUSTC Fellowship for International CooperationUSTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class InitiativeCAS project for young scientists in basic research(YSBR-006)。
