Understanding how alien species assemble is crucial for predicting changes to community structure caused by biological invasions and for directing management strategies for alien species,but patterns and drivers of al...Understanding how alien species assemble is crucial for predicting changes to community structure caused by biological invasions and for directing management strategies for alien species,but patterns and drivers of alien species assemblages remain poorly understood relative to native species.Climate has been suggested as a crucial filter of invasion-driven homogenization of biodiversity.However,it remains unclear which climatic factors drive the assemblage of alien species.Here,we compiled global data at both grid scale(2,653 native and 2,806 current grids with a resolution of 2°x 2°)and administrative scale(271 native and 297 current nations and sub-nations)on the distributions of 361 alien amphibians and reptiles(herpetofauna),the most threatened vertebrate group on the planet.We found that geographical distance,proxy for natural dispersal barriers,was the dominant variable contributing to alien herpetofaunal assemblage in native ranges.In contrast,climatic factors explained more unique variation in alien herpetofaunal assemblage after than before invasions.This pattern was driven by extremely high temperatures and precipitation seasonality,2 hallmarks of global climate change,and bilateral trade which can account for the alien assemblage after invasions.Our results indicated that human-assisted species introductions combined with climate change may accelerate the reorganization of global species distributions.展开更多
The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorat...The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.展开更多
Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics...Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.展开更多
For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recen...For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to reveal the age-related changes in prevalence and symptom characteristics in kidney deficiency syndrome(KDS)with varied health status.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was c...Objective:This study aimed to reveal the age-related changes in prevalence and symptom characteristics in kidney deficiency syndrome(KDS)with varied health status.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in6 hospitals.Investigators queried participants aged 20e79 about their health,including symptoms if any,and completed questionnaires to collect participants responses.Prevalence,severity,and frequency of KDS and other relevant parameters were observed and recorded.Comparative analysis of countable variables,including prevalence,was performed by frequency analysis and c2 test and expressed as a composite ratio.Comparative analysis of quantitative scores of the severity and frequency of symptoms was performed by the rank-sum test.Regression analysis of the correlation of KDS with potential contributing factors was performed by non-conditional binary logistic stepwise regression of numerical variables.Results:Prevalence of KDS in healthy and unhealthy participants correlated with increasing age(P<0.05).In those with chronic disease,KDS prevalence was comparatively high,but the trend was not obvious.KDS prevalence in participants age 20e39 showed an increasing trend with deteriorating health(P<0.05).Compared to healthy individuals,KDS prevalence in subhealthy persons and those with chronic disease showed an increasing trend(P<0.05)in the 40e59 and 60e79 age groups,whereas there was no difference between subhealthy persons and those with chronic disease age 40e59 and 60e79.Symptom severity scores of KDS showed an increasing trend with increasing age and deteriorating health status(P<0.05).Higher symptom frequency scores were also positively correlated with increasing age(P<0.05),but health status deterioration was not significantly correlated(P>0.05).Age,health status,lower back pain,shin soreness or heel pain,tinnitus or deafness,hair loss or loose teeth,incomplete bladder emptying or incontinence,and sexual dysfunction or infertility were potential factors contributing to KDS(P<0.05),but age was the only independent variable for which OR>1.Moreover,the distribution of typical KDS-related symptoms showed dramatic regularities.Conclusion:Prevalence and symptom characteristics of KDS were found to increase consistently with increasing age and deteriorating health status.Kidney deficiency may be an important mechanism of aging in the subhealthy and chronic disease states.展开更多
Earthworms are critical for supporting soil health and microbial diversity and simultaneously maintaining a highly diverse gut microbiome.The earthworm is predominantly vulnerable to physical disturbance,yet how chang...Earthworms are critical for supporting soil health and microbial diversity and simultaneously maintaining a highly diverse gut microbiome.The earthworm is predominantly vulnerable to physical disturbance,yet how changes in earthworm diversity influence the richness and ecological network of soil-gut microbiomes in response to anthropogenic disturbance is virtually unknown.Here,we investigated the richness of earthworms,and their connection with the diversity of the soil-gut microbiome using a large-scale survey covering paired agricultural and natural sites.Our results showed that earthworm diversity was positively correlated with soil and gut bacterial diversity across sites.However,the connection between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity is lost in agricultural ecosystems.We further show that earthworm richness supported greater modularity in microbial networks,being both positively correlated with the richness of earthworm gut bacteria in both land-use types.Together,we provided the first empirical evidence that agricultural practices can break the fundamental links between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity,and further identify an unreported consistent connection between the diversity of earthworms and the modularity of microbial networks in natural and managed ecosystems.These findings emphasize the primary roles of earthworms in supporting soil biodiversity and point to the wider contributions of the soil animal-microbe interactions in preserving the whole soil biodiversity in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems.展开更多
Potato is the world’s most important nongrain crop.In this study,to assess genetic diversity within the Petota section,29 genomes from Petota and Etuberosum sections were newly de novo assembled and 248 accessions of...Potato is the world’s most important nongrain crop.In this study,to assess genetic diversity within the Petota section,29 genomes from Petota and Etuberosum sections were newly de novo assembled and 248 accessions of wild potatoes,landraces,and modern cultivars were re-sequenced at>253 depth.Subsequently,a graph-based pangenome was constructed using DM8.1 as the backbone,integrating194,330 nonredundant structural variants.To characterize the metabolome of tubers and illuminate the genomic basis of metabolic traits,LC-MS/MS was employed to obtain the metabolome of 157 accessions,and 9,321 structural variants(SVs)were detected to be significantly associated with 1,258 distinct metabolites via PAV(presence and absence variations)-based metabolomics-GWAS analysis,including metabolites of flavonoids,phenolic acids,and phospholipids.To facilitate the utilization of pangenome resources,a comprehensive platform,the Potato Pangenome Database(PPDB),was developed.Our study provides a comprehensive genomic resource for dissecting the genomic basis of agronomic and metabolic traits in potato,which will accelerate functional genomics studies and genetic improvements in potato.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Science Foundation of China(31870507 and 31530088)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0501)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y201920).
文摘Understanding how alien species assemble is crucial for predicting changes to community structure caused by biological invasions and for directing management strategies for alien species,but patterns and drivers of alien species assemblages remain poorly understood relative to native species.Climate has been suggested as a crucial filter of invasion-driven homogenization of biodiversity.However,it remains unclear which climatic factors drive the assemblage of alien species.Here,we compiled global data at both grid scale(2,653 native and 2,806 current grids with a resolution of 2°x 2°)and administrative scale(271 native and 297 current nations and sub-nations)on the distributions of 361 alien amphibians and reptiles(herpetofauna),the most threatened vertebrate group on the planet.We found that geographical distance,proxy for natural dispersal barriers,was the dominant variable contributing to alien herpetofaunal assemblage in native ranges.In contrast,climatic factors explained more unique variation in alien herpetofaunal assemblage after than before invasions.This pattern was driven by extremely high temperatures and precipitation seasonality,2 hallmarks of global climate change,and bilateral trade which can account for the alien assemblage after invasions.Our results indicated that human-assisted species introductions combined with climate change may accelerate the reorganization of global species distributions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072191)Daxing District Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Project (2020006)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Team Project of Livestock Industry Technology SystemBeijing Science and Technology Special Project (Z201100002620005)。
文摘The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072191)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(Guike ZY22096025)。
文摘Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.
基金Acknowledgements We thank Prof. An Martel at Ghent University for providing positive control samples for Bs detection by PCR. We thank Zhiqing Xu at the Chongqing Museum of Natural History for assisting with sampling. This research was supported by grants from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2013FYl10300） and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation （code： 5132026）.
文摘For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91129714 and 81270466)the Science Research Foundation of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2014-JYBZZ-XS-134)the National Undergraduates Innovating Experimentation Project of China Minister of Education(Grant No.081002609).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to reveal the age-related changes in prevalence and symptom characteristics in kidney deficiency syndrome(KDS)with varied health status.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in6 hospitals.Investigators queried participants aged 20e79 about their health,including symptoms if any,and completed questionnaires to collect participants responses.Prevalence,severity,and frequency of KDS and other relevant parameters were observed and recorded.Comparative analysis of countable variables,including prevalence,was performed by frequency analysis and c2 test and expressed as a composite ratio.Comparative analysis of quantitative scores of the severity and frequency of symptoms was performed by the rank-sum test.Regression analysis of the correlation of KDS with potential contributing factors was performed by non-conditional binary logistic stepwise regression of numerical variables.Results:Prevalence of KDS in healthy and unhealthy participants correlated with increasing age(P<0.05).In those with chronic disease,KDS prevalence was comparatively high,but the trend was not obvious.KDS prevalence in participants age 20e39 showed an increasing trend with deteriorating health(P<0.05).Compared to healthy individuals,KDS prevalence in subhealthy persons and those with chronic disease showed an increasing trend(P<0.05)in the 40e59 and 60e79 age groups,whereas there was no difference between subhealthy persons and those with chronic disease age 40e59 and 60e79.Symptom severity scores of KDS showed an increasing trend with increasing age and deteriorating health status(P<0.05).Higher symptom frequency scores were also positively correlated with increasing age(P<0.05),but health status deterioration was not significantly correlated(P>0.05).Age,health status,lower back pain,shin soreness or heel pain,tinnitus or deafness,hair loss or loose teeth,incomplete bladder emptying or incontinence,and sexual dysfunction or infertility were potential factors contributing to KDS(P<0.05),but age was the only independent variable for which OR>1.Moreover,the distribution of typical KDS-related symptoms showed dramatic regularities.Conclusion:Prevalence and symptom characteristics of KDS were found to increase consistently with increasing age and deteriorating health status.Kidney deficiency may be an important mechanism of aging in the subhealthy and chronic disease states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907034 and 42177286)the Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2018FY100300).
文摘Earthworms are critical for supporting soil health and microbial diversity and simultaneously maintaining a highly diverse gut microbiome.The earthworm is predominantly vulnerable to physical disturbance,yet how changes in earthworm diversity influence the richness and ecological network of soil-gut microbiomes in response to anthropogenic disturbance is virtually unknown.Here,we investigated the richness of earthworms,and their connection with the diversity of the soil-gut microbiome using a large-scale survey covering paired agricultural and natural sites.Our results showed that earthworm diversity was positively correlated with soil and gut bacterial diversity across sites.However,the connection between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity is lost in agricultural ecosystems.We further show that earthworm richness supported greater modularity in microbial networks,being both positively correlated with the richness of earthworm gut bacteria in both land-use types.Together,we provided the first empirical evidence that agricultural practices can break the fundamental links between soil bacterial and earthworm diversity,and further identify an unreported consistent connection between the diversity of earthworms and the modularity of microbial networks in natural and managed ecosystems.These findings emphasize the primary roles of earthworms in supporting soil biodiversity and point to the wider contributions of the soil animal-microbe interactions in preserving the whole soil biodiversity in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972969)the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(2019FY003015)+4 种基金Research Startup Funding of Yunnan University in China(C176220100033)the Science and Technology Major Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan(K204204210017)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202301BF070001-026)the Project of Central Guiding Local Technology Development(202407AB110005)the Yunnan Talent Support Plan(C619300A036)。
文摘Potato is the world’s most important nongrain crop.In this study,to assess genetic diversity within the Petota section,29 genomes from Petota and Etuberosum sections were newly de novo assembled and 248 accessions of wild potatoes,landraces,and modern cultivars were re-sequenced at>253 depth.Subsequently,a graph-based pangenome was constructed using DM8.1 as the backbone,integrating194,330 nonredundant structural variants.To characterize the metabolome of tubers and illuminate the genomic basis of metabolic traits,LC-MS/MS was employed to obtain the metabolome of 157 accessions,and 9,321 structural variants(SVs)were detected to be significantly associated with 1,258 distinct metabolites via PAV(presence and absence variations)-based metabolomics-GWAS analysis,including metabolites of flavonoids,phenolic acids,and phospholipids.To facilitate the utilization of pangenome resources,a comprehensive platform,the Potato Pangenome Database(PPDB),was developed.Our study provides a comprehensive genomic resource for dissecting the genomic basis of agronomic and metabolic traits in potato,which will accelerate functional genomics studies and genetic improvements in potato.
