The Li-CO_(2)battery has been highly rated as an intriguing technique for balancing the carbon cycle for years,but it is still significantly challenged by the obstacles such as limited reversibility,sluggish kinetics,...The Li-CO_(2)battery has been highly rated as an intriguing technique for balancing the carbon cycle for years,but it is still significantly challenged by the obstacles such as limited reversibility,sluggish kinetics,and poor energy efficiency.Hence,the design and development of advance catalysts that can enhance the kinetics and reversibility of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reactions are considered the imperative tasks.Transition metal-based catalysts are widely considered appealing owing to their unfilled dorbitals,rich and adjustable valences,as well as processibility.In this review,the working mechanism and the key issues of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reaction are discussed first.Then the strategies for composition and structure design of different type of transition metal-based catalysts are highlighted,including their benefits,limitations,and the ways to implement these strategies.Finally,based on the pioneering research,the perspectives on the challenges and key points for the future development of cathode catalyst are proposed.展开更多
Phase change materials(PCMs)have great potential in thermal energy management,but their low ther-mal conductivity,easy leakage,and poor thermal stability limit their wide application.After constructing the biomimetic ...Phase change materials(PCMs)have great potential in thermal energy management,but their low ther-mal conductivity,easy leakage,and poor thermal stability limit their wide application.After constructing the biomimetic leaf-vein-like three-dimensional(3D)structure of boron nitride(BN)and impregnated with polyethylene glycol(PEG),the comprehensive properties of phase change composites were effec-tively enhanced under low filler content.The PEG is stored in the 3D structure of BN,which can prevent leakage at high temperatures and enhance the composites’thermal stability and storage modulus.As a fast channel of transmission of phonons,the BN skeleton can effectively reduce thermal resistance.When the amount of filler is 10 vol%,the highest thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs is 2.62 W m-1 K-1,which is 10.1 times than that of pure PEG.Under the infrared camera,the composite PCMs yielded excellent battery thermal management performance,indicating that the material has great potential in thermal management.展开更多
Large scale digital beamforming(LS-DBFs)are widely used in satellite communications for spectrum reuse and transmission enhancement.SRAM-FPGAs are a popular option for software defined satellite platforms due to their...Large scale digital beamforming(LS-DBFs)are widely used in satellite communications for spectrum reuse and transmission enhancement.SRAM-FPGAs are a popular option for software defined satellite platforms due to their rich computation resources and high flexibility.However,they are sensitive to soft errors,which limit their application in space.This paper discusses the application of coding based fault tolerance schemes for the protection of LS-DBFs on software defined payloads.Since multiple FPGAs are usually needed to support the whole LS-DBFs system,different decomposition schemes are compared in terms of resource efficiency and reliability when the coding based scheme is applied to protect the DBFs on a FPGA.Theoretical analysis and hardware experiments shows that resource efficiency and reliability are a pair of contradictory requirements for decomposition schemes.The protection with vertical decomposition could improve the reliability by 96%with 1.5x redundancy.And the protection with horizontal decomposition could improve the reliability by 85%with 1.2 x redundancy.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage,owing to their inherent safety,cost-effectiveness,and stability.However,the development of advanced cathodes t...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage,owing to their inherent safety,cost-effectiveness,and stability.However,the development of advanced cathodes that integrate suitable redox-active metal centers,robust structural resilience,and hierarchical architectures to facilitate rapid ion diffusion remains challenging.This study presents a hierarchically porous vanadium-based metal-organic framework(h-V-MOF)as a multifunctional cathode material that synergistically combines superior electrolyte affinity,reversible structural evolution during cycling,and maximized vanadium redox accessibility.The engineered h-V-MOF cathode demonstrates exceptional Zn^(2+)storage performance,delivering a remarkable specific capacity of 304.1 mAh g^(−1)and excellent long-term cyclability with 92.3%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g^(−1).Mechanistic investigations reveal a unique battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage behavior,where the hierarchical porosity enables efficient ion adsorption for electric double-layer capacitance and stable redox-driven Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction.This hybrid energy storage mechanism,coupled with the material’s ultrahigh specific surface area(1162.5 m^(2)g^(−1)),significantly enhances charge storage density.Our findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of MOF-based energy storage systems but also establish a universal design paradigm for developing multifunctional electrodes for next-generation hybrid energy devices.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occu...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occurrence of pressure injuries(PIs).Methods:In this retrospective longitudinal study,we obtained health-related data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database,including sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables.The daily CFB adjusted for body weight was calculated,and the occurrence of PIs during the ICU stay was recorded.A group-based trajectory model was used to explore the different CFB trajectories.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the CFB trajectory group and PIs.Results:Among the 4,294 included participants,we identified four distinct trajectories of CFB in ICU patients:the rapid accumulation group(12.5%),the slow accumulation group(28.5%),the neutral balance group(41.7%),and the negative decrease group(17.3%).After adjusting for some sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables,the rapid accumulation group had an OR of 1.63(95%CI:1.30,2.04)for all stages of PIs and an OR of 1.36(95%CI:1.08,1.72)for stage II or higher PIs compared to the neutral balance group.Conclusions:Four unique trajectories of CFB were identified among patients in the ICU,including rapid accumulation,slow accumulation,neutral balance,and negative decrease.Rapid accumulation independently increased the risk of PIs during ICU stay.展开更多
Nano-sized hexagonal magnesium hydroxide （Mg（OH）2） with good dispersibility was synthesized by a double injection-hydrothermal method, utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） as an additive and with optimized proce...Nano-sized hexagonal magnesium hydroxide （Mg（OH）2） with good dispersibility was synthesized by a double injection-hydrothermal method, utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） as an additive and with optimized processing parameters. SEM and BET analysis showed that the mean particle size and specific surface area of the Mg（OH）2 particles were 174 nm and 50.77 m^2/g, respectively. The FT-IR spectra and the XRD patterns showed that PVP was adsorbed on the surface of the Mg（OH）2 crystal, thus effectively limiting particle agglomeration and hindering crystal growth along the （1 01 ） plane. TGA showed a decrease in the decomposition temperature and an increase in the weight loss of the Mg（OH）2 particles due to addition of PV/.展开更多
1 Introduction The user interface(UI)is very important for a software product,and a well-designed UI will attract users and make a good impression.It has been shown that color plays an important role in invoking emoti...1 Introduction The user interface(UI)is very important for a software product,and a well-designed UI will attract users and make a good impression.It has been shown that color plays an important role in invoking emotional reactions[1],influencing usability[2],forming first impressions[3],and affecting the energy cost of the UI[4].Generating satisfying color schemes has high requirements for experience,aesthetic,and creative inspiration of designers[5].展开更多
Intensive application of chlorine-based disinfectants driven by the COVID-19 pandemic was suspected to be detrimental to receiving water ecosystems,but with little field evidence.We characterized the occurrences of ty...Intensive application of chlorine-based disinfectants driven by the COVID-19 pandemic was suspected to be detrimental to receiving water ecosystems,but with little field evidence.We characterized the occurrences of typical disinfectants and microeukaryotic communities in surface waters associated with three wastewater treatment plants(WWTP)-river systems one year after the lockdown in Wuhan,China.Trihalomethanes(THMs)declined from summer 2020(0.01–1.82μg/L)to summer 2021(0.01–0.95μg/L),whereas quaternary ammonium salts(QAs)increased from summer 2020(0.53–6.35 ng/L)to summer 2021(8.49–191 ng/L).Biodiversity monitoring with environmental DNA(eDNA)revealed significant temporal variation in microeukaryotic community composition.The monitored disinfectants were correlated with some eukaryotic communities as demonstrated by redundancy analysis.For example,QAs were positively related to Cryptophyta relative abundance,but negatively related to Rotifera relative abundance.A microeukaryote-based multimetric index indicated ecological impairment near the Han River WWTP outlet in 2020.Our findings indicate the influence of heavily used disinfectants on river microeukaryotic communities,and the usefulness of assessing mid-term ecological risks from disinfectants in the post COVID-19 era.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201254,52234001,52074177)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3900905)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QE012,ZR2020MB090,ZR2023ME155,ZR2023ME085)the Scientific Research Foundation for New Talents in University of Jinan(XRC2406)the project of “20 Items of University”of Jinan(202228046)the Introducing Major Universities and Research Institutions to Jointly Build Innovative Carrier Project of Jining City(2023DYDS022)。
文摘The Li-CO_(2)battery has been highly rated as an intriguing technique for balancing the carbon cycle for years,but it is still significantly challenged by the obstacles such as limited reversibility,sluggish kinetics,and poor energy efficiency.Hence,the design and development of advance catalysts that can enhance the kinetics and reversibility of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reactions are considered the imperative tasks.Transition metal-based catalysts are widely considered appealing owing to their unfilled dorbitals,rich and adjustable valences,as well as processibility.In this review,the working mechanism and the key issues of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reaction are discussed first.Then the strategies for composition and structure design of different type of transition metal-based catalysts are highlighted,including their benefits,limitations,and the ways to implement these strategies.Finally,based on the pioneering research,the perspectives on the challenges and key points for the future development of cathode catalyst are proposed.
基金Lanzhou Science and Technology Plan Project Funding(Project No.:2021-1-44)and Project Funding of Fangda Carbon New Material Co.,Ltd.
文摘Phase change materials(PCMs)have great potential in thermal energy management,but their low ther-mal conductivity,easy leakage,and poor thermal stability limit their wide application.After constructing the biomimetic leaf-vein-like three-dimensional(3D)structure of boron nitride(BN)and impregnated with polyethylene glycol(PEG),the comprehensive properties of phase change composites were effec-tively enhanced under low filler content.The PEG is stored in the 3D structure of BN,which can prevent leakage at high temperatures and enhance the composites’thermal stability and storage modulus.As a fast channel of transmission of phonons,the BN skeleton can effectively reduce thermal resistance.When the amount of filler is 10 vol%,the highest thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs is 2.62 W m-1 K-1,which is 10.1 times than that of pure PEG.Under the infrared camera,the composite PCMs yielded excellent battery thermal management performance,indicating that the material has great potential in thermal management.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61501321,61620106001)in part by the Generic Technology Projects of the 13th Fiveyear Plan。
文摘Large scale digital beamforming(LS-DBFs)are widely used in satellite communications for spectrum reuse and transmission enhancement.SRAM-FPGAs are a popular option for software defined satellite platforms due to their rich computation resources and high flexibility.However,they are sensitive to soft errors,which limit their application in space.This paper discusses the application of coding based fault tolerance schemes for the protection of LS-DBFs on software defined payloads.Since multiple FPGAs are usually needed to support the whole LS-DBFs system,different decomposition schemes are compared in terms of resource efficiency and reliability when the coding based scheme is applied to protect the DBFs on a FPGA.Theoretical analysis and hardware experiments shows that resource efficiency and reliability are a pair of contradictory requirements for decomposition schemes.The protection with vertical decomposition could improve the reliability by 96%with 1.5x redundancy.And the protection with horizontal decomposition could improve the reliability by 85%with 1.2 x redundancy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52234001, 52074119, 52074177)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province (2018TP1017)+4 种基金the National Innovative Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates (S202400229003)the Teaching Reform Project in High-School Education of Hunan Province (HNJG20230214)the Key Grant for Special Professors in Jiangsu Province (RK119STP23002)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY223016)the 2024 Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Program (NJKCZYZZ2024-06)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage,owing to their inherent safety,cost-effectiveness,and stability.However,the development of advanced cathodes that integrate suitable redox-active metal centers,robust structural resilience,and hierarchical architectures to facilitate rapid ion diffusion remains challenging.This study presents a hierarchically porous vanadium-based metal-organic framework(h-V-MOF)as a multifunctional cathode material that synergistically combines superior electrolyte affinity,reversible structural evolution during cycling,and maximized vanadium redox accessibility.The engineered h-V-MOF cathode demonstrates exceptional Zn^(2+)storage performance,delivering a remarkable specific capacity of 304.1 mAh g^(−1)and excellent long-term cyclability with 92.3%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g^(−1).Mechanistic investigations reveal a unique battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage behavior,where the hierarchical porosity enables efficient ion adsorption for electric double-layer capacitance and stable redox-driven Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction.This hybrid energy storage mechanism,coupled with the material’s ultrahigh specific surface area(1162.5 m^(2)g^(−1)),significantly enhances charge storage density.Our findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of MOF-based energy storage systems but also establish a universal design paradigm for developing multifunctional electrodes for next-generation hybrid energy devices.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occurrence of pressure injuries(PIs).Methods:In this retrospective longitudinal study,we obtained health-related data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database,including sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables.The daily CFB adjusted for body weight was calculated,and the occurrence of PIs during the ICU stay was recorded.A group-based trajectory model was used to explore the different CFB trajectories.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the CFB trajectory group and PIs.Results:Among the 4,294 included participants,we identified four distinct trajectories of CFB in ICU patients:the rapid accumulation group(12.5%),the slow accumulation group(28.5%),the neutral balance group(41.7%),and the negative decrease group(17.3%).After adjusting for some sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables,the rapid accumulation group had an OR of 1.63(95%CI:1.30,2.04)for all stages of PIs and an OR of 1.36(95%CI:1.08,1.72)for stage II or higher PIs compared to the neutral balance group.Conclusions:Four unique trajectories of CFB were identified among patients in the ICU,including rapid accumulation,slow accumulation,neutral balance,and negative decrease.Rapid accumulation independently increased the risk of PIs during ICU stay.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract No. 21176266)
文摘Nano-sized hexagonal magnesium hydroxide （Mg（OH）2） with good dispersibility was synthesized by a double injection-hydrothermal method, utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） as an additive and with optimized processing parameters. SEM and BET analysis showed that the mean particle size and specific surface area of the Mg（OH）2 particles were 174 nm and 50.77 m^2/g, respectively. The FT-IR spectra and the XRD patterns showed that PVP was adsorbed on the surface of the Mg（OH）2 crystal, thus effectively limiting particle agglomeration and hindering crystal growth along the （1 01 ） plane. TGA showed a decrease in the decomposition temperature and an increase in the weight loss of the Mg（OH）2 particles due to addition of PV/.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1004804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61672545).
文摘1 Introduction The user interface(UI)is very important for a software product,and a well-designed UI will attract users and make a good impression.It has been shown that color plays an important role in invoking emotional reactions[1],influencing usability[2],forming first impressions[3],and affecting the energy cost of the UI[4].Generating satisfying color schemes has high requirements for experience,aesthetic,and creative inspiration of designers[5].
文摘Intensive application of chlorine-based disinfectants driven by the COVID-19 pandemic was suspected to be detrimental to receiving water ecosystems,but with little field evidence.We characterized the occurrences of typical disinfectants and microeukaryotic communities in surface waters associated with three wastewater treatment plants(WWTP)-river systems one year after the lockdown in Wuhan,China.Trihalomethanes(THMs)declined from summer 2020(0.01–1.82μg/L)to summer 2021(0.01–0.95μg/L),whereas quaternary ammonium salts(QAs)increased from summer 2020(0.53–6.35 ng/L)to summer 2021(8.49–191 ng/L).Biodiversity monitoring with environmental DNA(eDNA)revealed significant temporal variation in microeukaryotic community composition.The monitored disinfectants were correlated with some eukaryotic communities as demonstrated by redundancy analysis.For example,QAs were positively related to Cryptophyta relative abundance,but negatively related to Rotifera relative abundance.A microeukaryote-based multimetric index indicated ecological impairment near the Han River WWTP outlet in 2020.Our findings indicate the influence of heavily used disinfectants on river microeukaryotic communities,and the usefulness of assessing mid-term ecological risks from disinfectants in the post COVID-19 era.
