Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoen...Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.展开更多
Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, mult...Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, multiple stages tectonic movements, and high thermal evolution degree and complex reservoir forming conditions. As a result, the existing theories and technical methods of exploration in North America cannot be simply applied to South China. Since 2007, based on the in-depth study on a large quantity of analytical test data, we have conducted the theory and technology research for the southern marine shale gas, found Wufeng-Longmaxi Group deep water shelf high-quality shale gas critical parameters coupling laws, proposed the “Binary Enrichment” theory for highly evolved marine shale gas in southern complex tectonic zone, and established a zone selection and evaluation criteria, which are based on the quality of shale, for the key of preservation condition, and for the purpose of economy. Taking this as a guide, we selected Longmaxi formation Lower Silurian of Fuling area in southeastern Sichuan Province as the preferred breakthrough field for the shale gas exploration. The Jiaoye 1 well has the daily gas production of 20.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, which embarked the found of China’s first large-scale business development gas field, the Fuling shale gas field. And we submit the first domestic shale gas proven reserves of 1067.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. The Fuling shale gas reservoirs are deep water shelf marine high-quality shale, with favorable thickness and even distribution, without dissection in the middle. They are typical self-generation and self-storage shale gas reservoirs. The gas fields have high production gas well;high pressure gas reservoir, good gas components and good exploit results, and there for the Fuling shale gas field is characterized by mid-depth, high pressure, high reservoir pressure, and high quality gas accumulation. Up to March 24, 2014, all of the 101 fracture-gas testing wells have obtained middle and upper shale airflow, with the average single well test production of 32.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/d. In the exploration and development process, technology series in geological evaluation, horizontal well, drilling, well completion, piecewise fracturing techniques have been gradually formed. It is of great importance to commercially develop the domestic shale gas and promote the restructuring of China’s energy structure.展开更多
With the rapid development of mining,the soil heavy metal contamination is increasingly serious in Shaoguan,directly affecting the production of crops. This paper analyzes the farmland soil heavy metal contamination i...With the rapid development of mining,the soil heavy metal contamination is increasingly serious in Shaoguan,directly affecting the production of crops. This paper analyzes the farmland soil heavy metal contamination in the mining area of Shaoguan and the causes of heavy metal contamination in recent years,brings forward the bioremediation measures to control soil heavy metal contamination,and points out the development direction of bioremediation in farmland soil heavy metal contamination in the mining area.展开更多
At present,the problem of heavy metal pollution in farmland in southern China is serious. Especially,the cadmium and lead are two heavy metal elements with serious pollution and great harm to human body. This paper re...At present,the problem of heavy metal pollution in farmland in southern China is serious. Especially,the cadmium and lead are two heavy metal elements with serious pollution and great harm to human body. This paper reviewed some common methods and materials used in the control of cadmium and lead pollution in farmland soil. Then,it discussed the problems in the repair of cadmium and lead pollution in farmland soil. It came up with the future research direction,to provide references for remediation of lead and cadmium pollution in farmland soil.展开更多
Well Taiye 1 in the Fuling area of the eastern Sichuan Basin has obtained a high-yield industrial gas flow(7.5×10^(4) m^(3)/d gas and 9.8 m^(3)/d oil)from the Middle Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation,presenting a g...Well Taiye 1 in the Fuling area of the eastern Sichuan Basin has obtained a high-yield industrial gas flow(7.5×10^(4) m^(3)/d gas and 9.8 m^(3)/d oil)from the Middle Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation,presenting a good test production effects,which means the realization of a major breakthrough in the exploration of Jurassic lacustrine shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin.In order to further determine the exploration potential of lacustrine shale oil and gas in this area and realize the large-scale efficient development and utilization of lacustrine shale oil and gas,this paper analyzes the geological conditions for the accumulation of lacustrine shale oil and gas in this area by using the drilling data of 10 key wells,such as wells Taiye 1 and Fuye 10.Then,the main factors controlling the enrichment of lacustrine shale oil and gas are discussed,and the exploration potential and favorable target zones of Jurassic lacustrine shale oil and gas in the Fuling area are defined.And the following research results are obtained.First,the quality Jurassic semi-deep lake shale in the Fuling area is characterized by high organic matter abundance,high porosity and high gas content,and it is the geological base of shale oil and gas enrichment.Second,the developed large wide and gentle syncline,good preservation condition and higher pressure coefficient(generally>1.2)are the key to the enrichment and high yield of shale oil and gas.Third,the developed microfractures in lacustrine shale are conducive to the enrichment and later fracturing of shale oil and gas.In conclusion,the Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale in the Fuling area is widely distributed with moderate burial depth,developed microfractures and moderate thermal evolution,and its shale gas resource extent and shale oil resource extent are 1922×10^(8)m^(3)and 2800×10^(4)t,respectively,indicating greater potential of shale oil and gas exploration,so shale oil and gas is the important field of oil and gas reserves and production increase in this area in the following stage.展开更多
In September 2013,the National Energy Administration approved the establishment of Fuling national shale gas demonstration area(hereinafter referred to as the demonstration area),whose construction was completed in De...In September 2013,the National Energy Administration approved the establishment of Fuling national shale gas demonstration area(hereinafter referred to as the demonstration area),whose construction was completed in December 2015.After nearly one decade of development,it has grown into the main shale gas production base in China.In order to speed up the integration and breakthrough of China's shale gas theoretical understanding and exploration and development technology and effectively promote the great development of marine shale gas in China,this paper reviews and summarizes the development and construction history of the demonstration area,geological theory understanding,engineering technology and key equipment progress.And based on this,the future development direction of the demonstration area is predicted.And the following research results are obtained.First,shale gas exploration and development in the demonstration area is divided into three stages,i.e.,exploration evaluation,phase I and II construction,and stacked development and adjustment.Second,the“binary enrichment”theory for marine shale gas and the engineering theory for efficiently developing gas reservoirs are innovatively established.Third,a series of supporting technologies are innovatively developed,such as optimized and fast drilling technology for shale gas cluster horizontal wells,differentiated network fracturing technology,high-efficiency gas production,gathering and transportation technology,and green development technology for karst mountains,and the localization of key equipment and tools is realized.Fourth,the efficient development of shallow overpressure shale gas reservoirs above 3500 m in depth and the effective development of shale gas reservoirs at the depth of 3500e4000 m are realized in the demonstration area.Fifth,the construction of the demonstration area in the future includes accelerating the development of normal-pressure deep shale gas,continuously tackling key shale gas EOR technologies,actively promoting the field application of new technologies and methods,and powerfully strengthening the construction of green demonstration areas.In conclusion,this demonstration area is the earliest one of four national shale gas demonstration areas,and its achievements will provide continuous guidance for the shale gas exploration and development in China and play a demonstrative and guiding role in promoting the development of shale gas geological theories and exploration and development technologies in China.展开更多
This study aims to determine the effects of nanoscale pores system characteristics on CH4 adsorption capacity in anthracite.A total of 24 coal samples from the southern Sichuan Basin,China,were examined systemically u...This study aims to determine the effects of nanoscale pores system characteristics on CH4 adsorption capacity in anthracite.A total of 24 coal samples from the southern Sichuan Basin,China,were examined systemically using coal maceral analysis,vitrinite reflectance tests, proximate analysis,ultimate analysis,low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption experiments,nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)analysis,and CH4 isotherm adsorption experiments.Results show that nano-pores are divided into four types on the basis of pore size ranges:super micropores (<4 nm),micropores (4-10 nm),mesopores (10-100 nm),and macropores (>100 nm).Super micropores,micropores,and mesopores make up the bulk of coal porosity,providing extremely large adsorption space with large intemal surface area.This leads us to the conclusion that the threshold of pore diameter between adsorption pores and seepage pores is 100 nm.The "ink bottle"pores have the largest CH4 adsorption capacity, followed by semi-opened pores,whereas opened pores have the smallest CH4 adsorption capacity which indicates that anthracite pores with more irregular shapes possess higher CH4 adsorption capacity.CH4 adsorption capacity increased with the increase in NMR porosity and the bound water saturation.Moreover,CH4 adsorption capacity is positively correlated with NMR permeability when NMR permeability is less than 8 ×10^-3 md.By contrast,the two factors are negatively correlated when NMR permeability is greater than 8 × 10^-3 md.展开更多
Aqueous metal-H_(2)O_(2)cells are emerging as power batteries because of their large theoretical energy densities and multiple application scenarios,especially in underwater environments.However,the peak power densiti...Aqueous metal-H_(2)O_(2)cells are emerging as power batteries because of their large theoretical energy densities and multiple application scenarios,especially in underwater environments.However,the peak power densities are less than 300 mW cm^(-2)for most reported metal-H_(2)O_(2)cells based on Mg/Al or their alloys due to the self-corrosion.Herein,we reported a Zn-H_(2)O_(2)cell with ultrafine bean-pod-like ZnCo/N-doped electrocatalysts that were synthesized via multifunctional single-cell-chain biomass.The electrocatalyst provides abundant active sites on the crinkly interface and offers a shortened pathway for electron/ion transfer due to the desired root-like carbon nanotube(CNT)arrays.Therefore,the optimized electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,with high E_(1/2)(0.90 V)and E_(onset)(1.01 V)values.More importantly,Zn-H_(2)O_(2)batteries achieve a record-breaking peak-power density of 510 mW cm^(-2)and a high specific energy density of 953 Wh kg^(-1).展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.42272171)National Science and Technology Major Project of China,China(No.2017ZX05036).
文摘Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.
文摘Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, multiple stages tectonic movements, and high thermal evolution degree and complex reservoir forming conditions. As a result, the existing theories and technical methods of exploration in North America cannot be simply applied to South China. Since 2007, based on the in-depth study on a large quantity of analytical test data, we have conducted the theory and technology research for the southern marine shale gas, found Wufeng-Longmaxi Group deep water shelf high-quality shale gas critical parameters coupling laws, proposed the “Binary Enrichment” theory for highly evolved marine shale gas in southern complex tectonic zone, and established a zone selection and evaluation criteria, which are based on the quality of shale, for the key of preservation condition, and for the purpose of economy. Taking this as a guide, we selected Longmaxi formation Lower Silurian of Fuling area in southeastern Sichuan Province as the preferred breakthrough field for the shale gas exploration. The Jiaoye 1 well has the daily gas production of 20.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, which embarked the found of China’s first large-scale business development gas field, the Fuling shale gas field. And we submit the first domestic shale gas proven reserves of 1067.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. The Fuling shale gas reservoirs are deep water shelf marine high-quality shale, with favorable thickness and even distribution, without dissection in the middle. They are typical self-generation and self-storage shale gas reservoirs. The gas fields have high production gas well;high pressure gas reservoir, good gas components and good exploit results, and there for the Fuling shale gas field is characterized by mid-depth, high pressure, high reservoir pressure, and high quality gas accumulation. Up to March 24, 2014, all of the 101 fracture-gas testing wells have obtained middle and upper shale airflow, with the average single well test production of 32.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/d. In the exploration and development process, technology series in geological evaluation, horizontal well, drilling, well completion, piecewise fracturing techniques have been gradually formed. It is of great importance to commercially develop the domestic shale gas and promote the restructuring of China’s energy structure.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1033004-06)Guangxi Key Agricultural Science Planning Project(201528)
文摘With the rapid development of mining,the soil heavy metal contamination is increasingly serious in Shaoguan,directly affecting the production of crops. This paper analyzes the farmland soil heavy metal contamination in the mining area of Shaoguan and the causes of heavy metal contamination in recent years,brings forward the bioremediation measures to control soil heavy metal contamination,and points out the development direction of bioremediation in farmland soil heavy metal contamination in the mining area.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YED0800705-01)Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(AB16380084+2 种基金AB16380164)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Project of Nanning City(20162105)Scientific Development Fund Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017JM06)
文摘At present,the problem of heavy metal pollution in farmland in southern China is serious. Especially,the cadmium and lead are two heavy metal elements with serious pollution and great harm to human body. This paper reviewed some common methods and materials used in the control of cadmium and lead pollution in farmland soil. Then,it discussed the problems in the repair of cadmium and lead pollution in farmland soil. It came up with the future research direction,to provide references for remediation of lead and cadmium pollution in farmland soil.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Target Assessment and Exploration Technologies of Shale Gas Play”(No.:2017ZX05036)the Sinopec“Ten Major”Scientific and Technological Projects“Exploration and Evaluation Techniques of Jurassic Continental Shale Oil and Gas”(No.:P21078-1).
文摘Well Taiye 1 in the Fuling area of the eastern Sichuan Basin has obtained a high-yield industrial gas flow(7.5×10^(4) m^(3)/d gas and 9.8 m^(3)/d oil)from the Middle Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation,presenting a good test production effects,which means the realization of a major breakthrough in the exploration of Jurassic lacustrine shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin.In order to further determine the exploration potential of lacustrine shale oil and gas in this area and realize the large-scale efficient development and utilization of lacustrine shale oil and gas,this paper analyzes the geological conditions for the accumulation of lacustrine shale oil and gas in this area by using the drilling data of 10 key wells,such as wells Taiye 1 and Fuye 10.Then,the main factors controlling the enrichment of lacustrine shale oil and gas are discussed,and the exploration potential and favorable target zones of Jurassic lacustrine shale oil and gas in the Fuling area are defined.And the following research results are obtained.First,the quality Jurassic semi-deep lake shale in the Fuling area is characterized by high organic matter abundance,high porosity and high gas content,and it is the geological base of shale oil and gas enrichment.Second,the developed large wide and gentle syncline,good preservation condition and higher pressure coefficient(generally>1.2)are the key to the enrichment and high yield of shale oil and gas.Third,the developed microfractures in lacustrine shale are conducive to the enrichment and later fracturing of shale oil and gas.In conclusion,the Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale in the Fuling area is widely distributed with moderate burial depth,developed microfractures and moderate thermal evolution,and its shale gas resource extent and shale oil resource extent are 1922×10^(8)m^(3)and 2800×10^(4)t,respectively,indicating greater potential of shale oil and gas exploration,so shale oil and gas is the important field of oil and gas reserves and production increase in this area in the following stage.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation“Research on technology for enhancing the recovery in Fuling Shale Gas Field”(No.P22183).
文摘In September 2013,the National Energy Administration approved the establishment of Fuling national shale gas demonstration area(hereinafter referred to as the demonstration area),whose construction was completed in December 2015.After nearly one decade of development,it has grown into the main shale gas production base in China.In order to speed up the integration and breakthrough of China's shale gas theoretical understanding and exploration and development technology and effectively promote the great development of marine shale gas in China,this paper reviews and summarizes the development and construction history of the demonstration area,geological theory understanding,engineering technology and key equipment progress.And based on this,the future development direction of the demonstration area is predicted.And the following research results are obtained.First,shale gas exploration and development in the demonstration area is divided into three stages,i.e.,exploration evaluation,phase I and II construction,and stacked development and adjustment.Second,the“binary enrichment”theory for marine shale gas and the engineering theory for efficiently developing gas reservoirs are innovatively established.Third,a series of supporting technologies are innovatively developed,such as optimized and fast drilling technology for shale gas cluster horizontal wells,differentiated network fracturing technology,high-efficiency gas production,gathering and transportation technology,and green development technology for karst mountains,and the localization of key equipment and tools is realized.Fourth,the efficient development of shallow overpressure shale gas reservoirs above 3500 m in depth and the effective development of shale gas reservoirs at the depth of 3500e4000 m are realized in the demonstration area.Fifth,the construction of the demonstration area in the future includes accelerating the development of normal-pressure deep shale gas,continuously tackling key shale gas EOR technologies,actively promoting the field application of new technologies and methods,and powerfully strengthening the construction of green demonstration areas.In conclusion,this demonstration area is the earliest one of four national shale gas demonstration areas,and its achievements will provide continuous guidance for the shale gas exploration and development in China and play a demonstrative and guiding role in promoting the development of shale gas geological theories and exploration and development technologies in China.
基金This research was funded by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences)(No.TPR-2016-04)the Open Foundation of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral,(Shandong University of Science and Technology)(No. DMSM2017031)+3 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (Xi'an Shiyou University)(No.290088259)the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2017ZX05039001-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41702127 and 41772150)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (No.17JK0617).
文摘This study aims to determine the effects of nanoscale pores system characteristics on CH4 adsorption capacity in anthracite.A total of 24 coal samples from the southern Sichuan Basin,China,were examined systemically using coal maceral analysis,vitrinite reflectance tests, proximate analysis,ultimate analysis,low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption experiments,nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)analysis,and CH4 isotherm adsorption experiments.Results show that nano-pores are divided into four types on the basis of pore size ranges:super micropores (<4 nm),micropores (4-10 nm),mesopores (10-100 nm),and macropores (>100 nm).Super micropores,micropores,and mesopores make up the bulk of coal porosity,providing extremely large adsorption space with large intemal surface area.This leads us to the conclusion that the threshold of pore diameter between adsorption pores and seepage pores is 100 nm.The "ink bottle"pores have the largest CH4 adsorption capacity, followed by semi-opened pores,whereas opened pores have the smallest CH4 adsorption capacity which indicates that anthracite pores with more irregular shapes possess higher CH4 adsorption capacity.CH4 adsorption capacity increased with the increase in NMR porosity and the bound water saturation.Moreover,CH4 adsorption capacity is positively correlated with NMR permeability when NMR permeability is less than 8 ×10^-3 md.By contrast,the two factors are negatively correlated when NMR permeability is greater than 8 × 10^-3 md.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1832136 and 21303038)the Intelligent Manufacturing Institute of Hefei University of Technology Project for Scientific and Technological Achievements+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2020HGQA0149,PA2022GDGP0029 and PA2023GDGP0042)the Anhui Natural Science Foundation Project(2308085ME140)。
文摘Aqueous metal-H_(2)O_(2)cells are emerging as power batteries because of their large theoretical energy densities and multiple application scenarios,especially in underwater environments.However,the peak power densities are less than 300 mW cm^(-2)for most reported metal-H_(2)O_(2)cells based on Mg/Al or their alloys due to the self-corrosion.Herein,we reported a Zn-H_(2)O_(2)cell with ultrafine bean-pod-like ZnCo/N-doped electrocatalysts that were synthesized via multifunctional single-cell-chain biomass.The electrocatalyst provides abundant active sites on the crinkly interface and offers a shortened pathway for electron/ion transfer due to the desired root-like carbon nanotube(CNT)arrays.Therefore,the optimized electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,with high E_(1/2)(0.90 V)and E_(onset)(1.01 V)values.More importantly,Zn-H_(2)O_(2)batteries achieve a record-breaking peak-power density of 510 mW cm^(-2)and a high specific energy density of 953 Wh kg^(-1).
