Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in China.The rapid progress in systemic therapies has led to the approval of many therapeutic methods that have quickly chang...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in China.The rapid progress in systemic therapies has led to the approval of many therapeutic methods that have quickly changed clinical guidelines and practices.Because of the high heterogeneity of HCC,there are still some gaps between the guidelines and real-world clinical practice.The present study surveyed experts in China to investigate the current treatment concepts and clinical practice regarding HCC.Methods:A questionnaire survey on the treatment concepts and clinical practice of HCC was administered to 310 experts with senior professional titles in 2020 and 312 experts in 2021.The results were analyzed and compared.Results:For treating patients with resectable HCC,28%of hepatobiliary surgeons indicated neoadjuvant therapy,and 7%chose systemic therapy±locoregional therapy as 1 L therapy in 2021 compared with 20%and 1%in 2020.More experts chose adjuvant treatment within 1 month in 2021 compared with 2020,and 6 months and 12 months were the leading choices for the duration of adjuvant treatment.In 2021,79%of surgeons and 19%of interventionalists were willing to conduct downstaging/conversion therapy for patients with potentially resectable HCC,and 78%chose tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI)+immunotherapy(IO)+locoregional therapy for cases in which R0 resection could not be achieved.For completely unresectable HCC,more experts preferred TKI+IO-based therapy as 1 L therapy in 2021 compared with 2020(78%vs.55%).The proportion of experts who indicated TKI+IO-based therapy as 2 L therapy increased from 32%in 2020 to 40%in 2021.Conclusion:The survey results indicated that in 2021,compared with 2020,more experts opted to administer IO+TKI for the treatment of liver cancer,and more experts and patients were willing to participate in clinical research.展开更多
Diosgenin,mainly produced by Dioscorea species,is a traditional precursor of most hormonal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.The mechanisms that underlie the origin and evolution of diosgenin biosynthesis in plants...Diosgenin,mainly produced by Dioscorea species,is a traditional precursor of most hormonal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.The mechanisms that underlie the origin and evolution of diosgenin biosynthesis in plants remain unclear.After sequencing the whole genome of Dioscorea zingiberensis,we revealed the evolutionary trajectory of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea and demonstrated the de novo biosynthesis of diosgenin in a yeast cell factory.First,we found that P450 gene duplication and neofunctionalization,driven by positive selection,played important roles in the origin of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway.Subsequently,we found that the enrichment of diosgenin in the yam lineage was regulated by CpG islands,which evolved to regulate gene expression in the diosgenin pathway and balance the carbon flux between the biosynthesis of diosgenin and starch.Finally,by integrating genes fromplants,animals,and yeast,weheterologously synthesized diosgenin to 10mg/l in genetically-engineered yeast.Our study not only reveals the origin and evolutionary mechanisms of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea,but also introduces an alternative approach for the production of diosgenin through synthetic biology.展开更多
Simulation experiment was carried out on all kinds of modern organisms significant to oil-gas generation and the C-isotopic values of n-alkanes in different organisms. The distribution characteristics of individual n-...Simulation experiment was carried out on all kinds of modern organisms significant to oil-gas generation and the C-isotopic values of n-alkanes in different organisms. The distribution characteristics of individual n-alkane isotopes are studied. The experimental results supply important clues in biological provenance of n-alkanes in sedimentary organisms.展开更多
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in China.The rapid progress in systemic therapies has led to the approval of many therapeutic methods that have quickly changed clinical guidelines and practices.Because of the high heterogeneity of HCC,there are still some gaps between the guidelines and real-world clinical practice.The present study surveyed experts in China to investigate the current treatment concepts and clinical practice regarding HCC.Methods:A questionnaire survey on the treatment concepts and clinical practice of HCC was administered to 310 experts with senior professional titles in 2020 and 312 experts in 2021.The results were analyzed and compared.Results:For treating patients with resectable HCC,28%of hepatobiliary surgeons indicated neoadjuvant therapy,and 7%chose systemic therapy±locoregional therapy as 1 L therapy in 2021 compared with 20%and 1%in 2020.More experts chose adjuvant treatment within 1 month in 2021 compared with 2020,and 6 months and 12 months were the leading choices for the duration of adjuvant treatment.In 2021,79%of surgeons and 19%of interventionalists were willing to conduct downstaging/conversion therapy for patients with potentially resectable HCC,and 78%chose tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI)+immunotherapy(IO)+locoregional therapy for cases in which R0 resection could not be achieved.For completely unresectable HCC,more experts preferred TKI+IO-based therapy as 1 L therapy in 2021 compared with 2020(78%vs.55%).The proportion of experts who indicated TKI+IO-based therapy as 2 L therapy increased from 32%in 2020 to 40%in 2021.Conclusion:The survey results indicated that in 2021,compared with 2020,more experts opted to administer IO+TKI for the treatment of liver cancer,and more experts and patients were willing to participate in clinical research.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2019YFA0905700 and 2019YFA0905300)the Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(TSBICIPKJGG-002)+4 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFZD-SW-215)the Tianjin Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(18JCJQJC48300)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2018ZX09711001-006-003)the Major Science and Technique Programs in Yunnan Province(2019ZF011)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(31922047).
文摘Diosgenin,mainly produced by Dioscorea species,is a traditional precursor of most hormonal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.The mechanisms that underlie the origin and evolution of diosgenin biosynthesis in plants remain unclear.After sequencing the whole genome of Dioscorea zingiberensis,we revealed the evolutionary trajectory of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea and demonstrated the de novo biosynthesis of diosgenin in a yeast cell factory.First,we found that P450 gene duplication and neofunctionalization,driven by positive selection,played important roles in the origin of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway.Subsequently,we found that the enrichment of diosgenin in the yam lineage was regulated by CpG islands,which evolved to regulate gene expression in the diosgenin pathway and balance the carbon flux between the biosynthesis of diosgenin and starch.Finally,by integrating genes fromplants,animals,and yeast,weheterologously synthesized diosgenin to 10mg/l in genetically-engineered yeast.Our study not only reveals the origin and evolutionary mechanisms of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea,but also introduces an alternative approach for the production of diosgenin through synthetic biology.
文摘Simulation experiment was carried out on all kinds of modern organisms significant to oil-gas generation and the C-isotopic values of n-alkanes in different organisms. The distribution characteristics of individual n-alkane isotopes are studied. The experimental results supply important clues in biological provenance of n-alkanes in sedimentary organisms.
