The cavity characteristics in liquid-filled containers caused by high-velocity impacts represent an important area of research in hydrodynamic ram phenomena.The dynamic expansion of the cavity induces liquid pressure ...The cavity characteristics in liquid-filled containers caused by high-velocity impacts represent an important area of research in hydrodynamic ram phenomena.The dynamic expansion of the cavity induces liquid pressure variations,potentially causing catastrophic damage to the container.Current studies mainly focus on non-deforming projectiles,such as fragments,with limited exploration of shaped charge jets.In this paper,a uniquely experimental system was designed to record cavity profiles in behind-armor liquid-filled containers subjected to shaped charge jet impacts.The impact process was then numerically reproduced using the explicit simulation program ANSYS LS-DYNA with the Structured Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(S-ALE)solver.The formation mechanism,along with the dimensional and shape evolution of the cavity was investigated.Additionally,the influence of the impact kinetic energy of the jet on the cavity characteristics was analyzed.The findings reveal that the cavity profile exhibits a conical shape,primarily driven by direct jet impact and inertial effects.The expansion rates of both cavity length and maximum radius increase with jet impact kinetic energy.When the impact kinetic energy is reduced to 28.2 kJ or below,the length-to-diameter ratio of the cavity ultimately stabilizes at approximately 7.展开更多
Porcine circovirus type 3(PCV3)was initially identified in 2016 in pigs exhibiting unexplained cardiac and multi-organ inflammation in the USA(Palinski et al.2017).PCV3 has subsequently been identified in numerous cou...Porcine circovirus type 3(PCV3)was initially identified in 2016 in pigs exhibiting unexplained cardiac and multi-organ inflammation in the USA(Palinski et al.2017).PCV3 has subsequently been identified in numerous countries,including China,Brazil,Italy,and others,demonstrating widespread viral dissemination(Tan et al.2021).Notably,recent investigations have revealed PCV3 infection across multiple species,including pigs,cattle,dogs,wild boars,chamois,roe deer,and others(Tan et al.2021).This evidence suggests potential viral propagation beyond its primary host(pigs).展开更多
Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)remains an unavoidable challenge in liver surgery,with macrophages playing a critical role in its pathogenesis.However,the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate the pathogenesis of I...Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)remains an unavoidable challenge in liver surgery,with macrophages playing a critical role in its pathogenesis.However,the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate the pathogenesis of IRI are not well understood.Through a target-guided screening approach,we identified a small 3 k Da peptide(Sj DX5-271)from various schistosome egg-derived peptides that induced M2 macrophage polarization.SjDX5-271 treatment protected mice against liver IRI by promoting M2 macrophage polarization,and this protective effect was abrogated when the macrophages were depleted.Transcriptomic sequencing showed that the TLR signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in macrophages from the SjDX5-271 treatment group.We further identified that SjDX5-271 promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviated hepatic inflammation in liver IRI.Collectively,SjDX5-271 exhibited some promising therapeutic effects in IRI and represented a novel therapeutic approach,potentially applicable to other immune-related diseases.The current study demonstrates the potential of new biologics from the parasite,enhances our understanding of host-parasite interplay,and provides a blueprint for future therapies for immunerelated diseases.展开更多
The impact of high-velocity penetrators into liquid-filled containers can generate hydrodynamic ram effects,potentially causing catastrophic structural damage to the container.Previous studies have primarily focused o...The impact of high-velocity penetrators into liquid-filled containers can generate hydrodynamic ram effects,potentially causing catastrophic structural damage to the container.Previous studies have primarily focused on undeformed penetrators,such as fragments or bullets,with limited attention directed toward shaped charge jets.This study investigates the penetration characteristics of shaped charge jets impacting behind-armor liquid-filled containers,with particular emphasis on jet-liquid interactions.A theoretical penetration model incorporating material compressibility and jet stretching was developed based on the virtual origin theory.A high-speed imaging experimental system was designed to capture the jet motion within the container.The impact process was numerically reproduced using ANSYS/LSDYNA,and the effects of standoff and overmatch on jet penetration were analyzed.The results reveal that jet stretching induced by increased standoff enhances the penetration velocity of the jet.A proportional relationship between the stretching factor(λ)and the overmatch parameter(I)was identified,withλranging from approximately 1.22 to 1.38 times I across the studied standoff range(80-220 mm).The findings offer a basis for future studies on the pressure distribution in the liquid and the structural response of containers.展开更多
In the present work,the high uniform 6-inch single-crystalline AlN template is successfully achieved by high temperature annealing technique,which opens up the path towards industrial application in power device.Moreo...In the present work,the high uniform 6-inch single-crystalline AlN template is successfully achieved by high temperature annealing technique,which opens up the path towards industrial application in power device.Moreover,the outstanding crystalline-quality is confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS).In accompanied with the results from X-ray diffraction,the RBS results along both[0001]and[1213]reveal that the in-plane lattice is effectively reordered by high temperature annealing.In addition,the constantΦ_(epi)angle between[0001]and[1213]at different depths of 31.54°confirms the uniform compressive strain inside the AlN region.Benefitting from the excellent crystalline quality of AlN template,we can epitaxially grow the enhanced-mode high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)with a graded AlGaN buffer as thin as only~300 nm.Such an ultra-thin AlGaN buffer layer results in the wafer-bow as low as 18.1μm in 6-inch wafer scale.The fabricated HEMT devices with 16μm-L_(GD)exhibits a threshold voltage(V_(TH))of 1.1 V and a high OFF-state breakdown voltage(V_(BD))over 1400 V.Furthermore,after 200 V high-voltage OFF-state stress,the current collapse is only 13.6%.Therefore,the advantages of both 6-inch size and excellent crystallinity announces the superiority of single-crystalline AlN template in low-cost electrical power applications.展开更多
Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay interc...Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.展开更多
In research of the characteristics of the cavity evolution, the pressure, and the liquid spurt in hydrodynamic ram, the experiment of the high-velocity fragment impacting the water-filled container had been conducted....In research of the characteristics of the cavity evolution, the pressure, and the liquid spurt in hydrodynamic ram, the experiment of the high-velocity fragment impacting the water-filled container had been conducted. The relationships between the above three characteristics have been researched. The evolution of the cavity can be divided into three processes according to its shape characteristics. The first liquid spurt occurred in Process Ⅱ and the rest of it occurred in Process Ⅲ. The duration of the second liquid spurt is longer than the first liquid spurt. When the impact velocity of the fragment is less than996 m/s, the velocity of the second liquid spurt is the highest. When the velocity of the fragment is greater than 996 m/s, the velocity of the first liquid spurt is the highest. The maximum velocities of the first and second liquid spurt are 111 m/s and 94 m/s respectively. The pressure fluctuated sharply in Processes Ⅰ and Ⅲ. The maximum peak pressures in the shock and the cavity oscillation phases are15.51 MPa and 7.96 MPa respectively. The time interval of the two adjacent pressure pulses increases with the increase of the fragment velocity.展开更多
The key to high-yielding peanut cultivation is the optimization of agricultural production practices.Regulating single-seed precise sowing(SSPS)density and paclobutrazol(Pbz)application concentration are effective pra...The key to high-yielding peanut cultivation is the optimization of agricultural production practices.Regulating single-seed precise sowing(SSPS)density and paclobutrazol(Pbz)application concentration are effective practices that increase peanut yield by improving plant architecture,lodging resistance,and photosynthetic characteristics.Therefore,we conducted a two-factor field optimization experiment for the sowing density(D1:1.95×10^(5)plants ha^(-1),D52:2.40×10plants ha^(-1),D3:2.85×10^(5)plants ha^(-1),and D4:3.30×10^(5)plants ha^(-1))and Pbzapplication concentration(P0:0 mg L^(-1)and P1:100 mg L^(-1)).The objective was to optimize agricultural production practices and provide a theoretical basis for highyielding peanut cultivation by evaluating the effects of sowing density and Pbzapplication on plant architecture,lodging resistance,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield.The results showed that at the same Pbzapplication concentration,increasing sowing density increased lodging percentage and reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity.At the same sowing density,Pbzapplication reduced lodging percentage by decreasing plant height(PH),improving lignin biosynthesis-related enzyme activities,and enhancing stem puncture strength(SPS)and breaking strength(SBS).The paclobutrazol-induced alterations in plant architecture and lodging resistance improved light transmission at the middle and bottom leaf strata,resulting in the increase in relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of leaves.Furthermore,D3P1treatment had the highest peanut yield among all treatments.In summary,the production strategy combining the sowing density of 2.85×10^(5)plants ha^(-1)with the application of100 mg L^(-1)Pbzwas found to be the optimal agricultural production practice for giving full play to production potential and achieving higher peanut yield.展开更多
The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the s...The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the seasonality and physicochemical properties of the river water after mine closure were evaluated,and the feasibility of irrigation using river water and the degree of pollution to farmland were assessed using the Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation.The results show that the mine water has low pH value(<3.5-4)and high levels of total hardness,SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,Al,and Zn.In addition,the pH of the mine water is negatively correlated with the presence of other metal ions.The correlation coefficient between the chemical oxygen demand(COD)and Fe reached 0.989.While the pollution levels of Pinglu and Baishui rivers were low,the confluence region of the two rivers was seriously polluted.However,only the levels of Fe and Cd slightly exceeded the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard after the confluence of Yudong and Chongan rivers.Overall,the heavy pollution type of the confluent river is consistent with mine water pollution.The water quality is slightly better in the dry season compared than in the high-water period.Sulfate and Fe content decreased by 39 and 16 mg/L,respectively,and Cd content decreased two-fold.Despite these findings,this study shows that from 2017 to 2018,the pH and Cd content of the rivers at the confluence exceeded the irrigation limit and the water quality continued to deteriorate,which may pose a soil contamination risk.Long-term use of the river for irrigation water may cause toxic elements such as Cd,Fe,Mn,SO_(4)^(2−),Al,and F-to enter the food chain,thereby endangering the life and health of villagers in Yudong River area.展开更多
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently been shown to enhance protective immunity agai...Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently been shown to enhance protective immunity against PRRSV infection in piglets when used in combination with PRRS modified live vaccines (MLV). In this study, we explored the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of protection of MontanideTM Gel01 ST (Gel01) adjuvanted modified live PRRSV vaccine in pigs challenged with two genetically distinct strains of PRRSV. Gel01-MLV reduced lymph node pathology scores in pigs challenged with VR-2332 (parental strain of MLV vaccine) but not that in pigs challenged with MN184A (heterologous strain), when compared to that in pigs vaccinated with un-adjuvanted MLV. Pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had higher levels of PRRS-specific antibodies, as measured by IDEXX ELISA and virus neutralizing antibodies, after vaccination and VR-2332 challenge. In addition, pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and T-regulatory lymphocytes in the blood as compared to that in pigs vaccinated with MLV alone. Interestingly, we found that addition of Gel01 did not change the profile of other T lymphocyte populations after PRRSV challenge. These results demonstrate that the MLV adjuvanted with Gel01 provides enhanced protection against homologous PRRSV infection, possibly by regulating the production of PRRSV-specific antibodies and cytokines involved in the development of T-regulatory cells. Thus, Gel01 ST is a promising adjuvant that can be formulated with PRRSV MLV vaccines to reduce disease severity and tissue damage caused by PRRSV infection in pigs.展开更多
The solubilities of trimethylolethane in butanol,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate as well as in mixed solvents of(methanol+ethyl acetate) and(ethanol+ethyl acetate) were measured with the gravimetric method in the tempera...The solubilities of trimethylolethane in butanol,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate as well as in mixed solvents of(methanol+ethyl acetate) and(ethanol+ethyl acetate) were measured with the gravimetric method in the temperature range from 283.15 K to 318.15 K under atmosphere pressure.The experiment results showed that the solubility of trimethylolethane increased with the temperature,or along with the concentration of methanol or ethanol in the solvents of(methanol+ethyl acetate) and(ethanol + ethyl acetate).In addition,the experiment values were correlated by the van't Hoff equation,Modi fied Apelblat Equation,λh Equation,CNIBS/R-K equation and Jouyban–Acree Model.The Modi fied Apelblat Equation provided the best fitting results of the solubility data of TME in the pure solvents while the CNIBS/R-K model showed the best estimation of the solubility in the binary solvent mixtures.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT) calculations showed that solubility in different solvents related to the strength of the interaction between the trimethylolethane and the solvent molecules.Finally,the standard molar enthalpy and molar entropy of trimethylolethane during the dissolving process was also calculated by Modi fied Apelblat equation in this work.展开更多
The research takes three fundamental Internet Academic Journals (IAJ), which are China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP) and Beijing Wanfang Data Co., Ltd. (WFD), as s...The research takes three fundamental Internet Academic Journals (IAJ), which are China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP) and Beijing Wanfang Data Co., Ltd. (WFD), as subjects to discuss digital publishing mechanism innovations for China’s science information communication system. After introducing main Internet environment, comparing journal characteristics, and explaining publishing & operation modes of the IAJs, the paper analyses important issues such as redundant contents, digitalization issues, illegal journals, standards construction, copyright and benefit distribution. By learning from research practices and open access, a new benefit distribution and copyright management mode based on the Third Party Agency (TPA) is proposed. Future IAJs operation modes are also discussed from the view of scientific research innovation and state of the art platform construction.展开更多
The ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)correlates significantly with the density and pore size of subgrade filling materials.This research conducts numerous Proctor and UPV tests to examine how moisture and rock content af...The ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)correlates significantly with the density and pore size of subgrade filling materials.This research conducts numerous Proctor and UPV tests to examine how moisture and rock content affect compaction quality.The study measures the changes in UPV across dry density and compaction characteristics.The compacted specimens exhibit distinct microstructures and mechanical properties along the dry and wet sides of the compaction curve,primarily influenced by internal water molecules.The maximum dry density exhibits a positive correlation with the rock content,while the optimal moisture content demonstrates an inverse relationship.As the rock content increases,the relative error of UPV measurement rises.The UPV follows a hump-shaped pattern with the initial moisture content.Three intelligent models are established to forecast dry density.The measure of UPV and PSO-BP-NN model quickly assesses compaction quality.展开更多
In response to the basic policy of green and low-carbon circular development to solve resource,environmental and ecological problems,gypsum is considered to be a flling material for mine backflling.To explore the pote...In response to the basic policy of green and low-carbon circular development to solve resource,environmental and ecological problems,gypsum is considered to be a flling material for mine backflling.To explore the potential risks of gypsum to the groundwater environment due to the backflling of abandoned mines,a sequential batch leaching experiment was carried out in this paper,which used three types of industrial waste gypsum,namely,phosphorus gypsum(PG),titanium gypsum(TG)and fue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG).COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software was used to simulate and solve the migration process of the leached metal elements in the mine foor when these three gypsum types were used as flling materials to observe the concentration distributions and difusion distances of the metal elements from these three gypsum types in the mine foor.The results show that(1)during repeated contact of the three types of industrial waste gypsum with the leaching medium,the pH levels changed,and the changes in pH afected the leaching patterns for the heavy metal elements in the gypsum.(2)Based on the concentrations of the metal elements that were leached from the three types of gypsum,it can be determined that these three types of gypsum are not classifed as hazardous solid wastes,but they cannot be ruled out with regard to their risk to the groundwater environment when they are used as mine flling materials.(3)When the three types of gypsum are used as flling materials,the concentration distributions of the metal elements and their migration distances all exhibit signifcant changes over time.The concentration distributions,difusion rates and migration distances of the metal elements from the diferent gypsum types are afected by their initial concentrations in the leachate.The maximum migration distances of Zn in the foor from the PG,FGDG and TG are 8.2,8.1 and 7.5 m,respectively.展开更多
In this letter,we demonstrate the effect ofγirradiation on the lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)with self-terminated recessed anode structure and low work-function metal tungsten(W)as anode.For a compre...In this letter,we demonstrate the effect ofγirradiation on the lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)with self-terminated recessed anode structure and low work-function metal tungsten(W)as anode.For a comprehensive evaluation of the radiation-resistance performance of the device,the total dose ofγirradiation is up to 100 kGy with irradiation time of 20 h.Attributed to the barrier lowering effect of the W/GaN interface induced byγirradiation observed in the experiment,the extracted turnon voltage(VON)defined at anode forward current of 1 mA decreases from 0.47 to 0.43 V.Meanwhile,benefiting from the reinforced Schottky interface treated by post-anode-annealing,a high breakdown voltage(BV)of 1.75 kV is obtained for theγ-irradiated AlGaN/GaN SBD,which shows the promising application for the deep-space radiation environment and promotes the development of radiation-resistance research for GaN SBDs.展开更多
The flowering time is a key trait that determines adaptation,yield and quality of crops.Adlay,a traditional cereal crop,has developed a distinctive agricultural industry in Southwest China and Southeast Asian countrie...The flowering time is a key trait that determines adaptation,yield and quality of crops.Adlay,a traditional cereal crop,has developed a distinctive agricultural industry in Southwest China and Southeast Asian countries.However,the currently planted varieties are all semi-domesticated landraces with delayed flowering and excessive height.These defects limit yield improvement per unit area and mechanized harvesting.In this study,a major QTL associated with flowering time and plant height in adlay has been mapped and identified as Cl CCT,a gene having a conserved function and regulatory pathway for inhibiting flowering time and increasing plant height in gramineous crops.Among the six identified haplotypes of Cl CCT,the haplotype with 38-bp insertion in promoter region of Cl CCT has earlier flowering time and wider geographical distribution than other haplotypes.The insertion variation,which arises from the segmental duplication of Cl CCT,can inhibit the expression level of reporter gene and has been used in breeding for early maturity and dwarfing.These research results not only reinforce our understanding of the importance of CCT domain protein in the tropical crops adapting to high-latitude environment,but also provide a validated breeding target for the early maturity and dwarfing of adlay.展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes h...Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11572159).
文摘The cavity characteristics in liquid-filled containers caused by high-velocity impacts represent an important area of research in hydrodynamic ram phenomena.The dynamic expansion of the cavity induces liquid pressure variations,potentially causing catastrophic damage to the container.Current studies mainly focus on non-deforming projectiles,such as fragments,with limited exploration of shaped charge jets.In this paper,a uniquely experimental system was designed to record cavity profiles in behind-armor liquid-filled containers subjected to shaped charge jet impacts.The impact process was then numerically reproduced using the explicit simulation program ANSYS LS-DYNA with the Structured Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(S-ALE)solver.The formation mechanism,along with the dimensional and shape evolution of the cavity was investigated.Additionally,the influence of the impact kinetic energy of the jet on the cavity characteristics was analyzed.The findings reveal that the cavity profile exhibits a conical shape,primarily driven by direct jet impact and inertial effects.The expansion rates of both cavity length and maximum radius increase with jet impact kinetic energy.When the impact kinetic energy is reduced to 28.2 kJ or below,the length-to-diameter ratio of the cavity ultimately stabilizes at approximately 7.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1800500)the Jiangsu Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Team Project,China (JSSCTD202224)+1 种基金the 111 Project D18007the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD),China
文摘Porcine circovirus type 3(PCV3)was initially identified in 2016 in pigs exhibiting unexplained cardiac and multi-organ inflammation in the USA(Palinski et al.2017).PCV3 has subsequently been identified in numerous countries,including China,Brazil,Italy,and others,demonstrating widespread viral dissemination(Tan et al.2021).Notably,recent investigations have revealed PCV3 infection across multiple species,including pigs,cattle,dogs,wild boars,chamois,roe deer,and others(Tan et al.2021).This evidence suggests potential viral propagation beyond its primary host(pigs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81971965)。
文摘Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)remains an unavoidable challenge in liver surgery,with macrophages playing a critical role in its pathogenesis.However,the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate the pathogenesis of IRI are not well understood.Through a target-guided screening approach,we identified a small 3 k Da peptide(Sj DX5-271)from various schistosome egg-derived peptides that induced M2 macrophage polarization.SjDX5-271 treatment protected mice against liver IRI by promoting M2 macrophage polarization,and this protective effect was abrogated when the macrophages were depleted.Transcriptomic sequencing showed that the TLR signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in macrophages from the SjDX5-271 treatment group.We further identified that SjDX5-271 promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviated hepatic inflammation in liver IRI.Collectively,SjDX5-271 exhibited some promising therapeutic effects in IRI and represented a novel therapeutic approach,potentially applicable to other immune-related diseases.The current study demonstrates the potential of new biologics from the parasite,enhances our understanding of host-parasite interplay,and provides a blueprint for future therapies for immunerelated diseases.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11572159)。
文摘The impact of high-velocity penetrators into liquid-filled containers can generate hydrodynamic ram effects,potentially causing catastrophic structural damage to the container.Previous studies have primarily focused on undeformed penetrators,such as fragments or bullets,with limited attention directed toward shaped charge jets.This study investigates the penetration characteristics of shaped charge jets impacting behind-armor liquid-filled containers,with particular emphasis on jet-liquid interactions.A theoretical penetration model incorporating material compressibility and jet stretching was developed based on the virtual origin theory.A high-speed imaging experimental system was designed to capture the jet motion within the container.The impact process was numerically reproduced using ANSYS/LSDYNA,and the effects of standoff and overmatch on jet penetration were analyzed.The results reveal that jet stretching induced by increased standoff enhances the penetration velocity of the jet.A proportional relationship between the stretching factor(λ)and the overmatch parameter(I)was identified,withλranging from approximately 1.22 to 1.38 times I across the studied standoff range(80-220 mm).The findings offer a basis for future studies on the pressure distribution in the liquid and the structural response of containers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0140100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273271 and 62321004)partly supported by the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B01074003)。
文摘In the present work,the high uniform 6-inch single-crystalline AlN template is successfully achieved by high temperature annealing technique,which opens up the path towards industrial application in power device.Moreover,the outstanding crystalline-quality is confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS).In accompanied with the results from X-ray diffraction,the RBS results along both[0001]and[1213]reveal that the in-plane lattice is effectively reordered by high temperature annealing.In addition,the constantΦ_(epi)angle between[0001]and[1213]at different depths of 31.54°confirms the uniform compressive strain inside the AlN region.Benefitting from the excellent crystalline quality of AlN template,we can epitaxially grow the enhanced-mode high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)with a graded AlGaN buffer as thin as only~300 nm.Such an ultra-thin AlGaN buffer layer results in the wafer-bow as low as 18.1μm in 6-inch wafer scale.The fabricated HEMT devices with 16μm-L_(GD)exhibits a threshold voltage(V_(TH))of 1.1 V and a high OFF-state breakdown voltage(V_(BD))over 1400 V.Furthermore,after 200 V high-voltage OFF-state stress,the current collapse is only 13.6%.Therefore,the advantages of both 6-inch size and excellent crystallinity announces the superiority of single-crystalline AlN template in low-cost electrical power applications.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD11B04-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30840056, 31171496)Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System (SDAIT-04-01)
文摘Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11572159)the National Defense Science and Technology Foundational Enhancement Program Technology Field Foundation(No.2020-JCJQ-JJ-401)for providing the financial support for this study.
文摘In research of the characteristics of the cavity evolution, the pressure, and the liquid spurt in hydrodynamic ram, the experiment of the high-velocity fragment impacting the water-filled container had been conducted. The relationships between the above three characteristics have been researched. The evolution of the cavity can be divided into three processes according to its shape characteristics. The first liquid spurt occurred in Process Ⅱ and the rest of it occurred in Process Ⅲ. The duration of the second liquid spurt is longer than the first liquid spurt. When the impact velocity of the fragment is less than996 m/s, the velocity of the second liquid spurt is the highest. When the velocity of the fragment is greater than 996 m/s, the velocity of the first liquid spurt is the highest. The maximum velocities of the first and second liquid spurt are 111 m/s and 94 m/s respectively. The pressure fluctuated sharply in Processes Ⅰ and Ⅲ. The maximum peak pressures in the shock and the cavity oscillation phases are15.51 MPa and 7.96 MPa respectively. The time interval of the two adjacent pressure pulses increases with the increase of the fragment velocity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000902)the Shandong Key Research and Development Program(2018YFJH0601-3)+1 种基金the Major Agricultural Applied Technological Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(SD2019ZZ11)the Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System(SDAIT-04-01)。
文摘The key to high-yielding peanut cultivation is the optimization of agricultural production practices.Regulating single-seed precise sowing(SSPS)density and paclobutrazol(Pbz)application concentration are effective practices that increase peanut yield by improving plant architecture,lodging resistance,and photosynthetic characteristics.Therefore,we conducted a two-factor field optimization experiment for the sowing density(D1:1.95×10^(5)plants ha^(-1),D52:2.40×10plants ha^(-1),D3:2.85×10^(5)plants ha^(-1),and D4:3.30×10^(5)plants ha^(-1))and Pbzapplication concentration(P0:0 mg L^(-1)and P1:100 mg L^(-1)).The objective was to optimize agricultural production practices and provide a theoretical basis for highyielding peanut cultivation by evaluating the effects of sowing density and Pbzapplication on plant architecture,lodging resistance,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield.The results showed that at the same Pbzapplication concentration,increasing sowing density increased lodging percentage and reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity.At the same sowing density,Pbzapplication reduced lodging percentage by decreasing plant height(PH),improving lignin biosynthesis-related enzyme activities,and enhancing stem puncture strength(SPS)and breaking strength(SBS).The paclobutrazol-induced alterations in plant architecture and lodging resistance improved light transmission at the middle and bottom leaf strata,resulting in the increase in relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of leaves.Furthermore,D3P1treatment had the highest peanut yield among all treatments.In summary,the production strategy combining the sowing density of 2.85×10^(5)plants ha^(-1)with the application of100 mg L^(-1)Pbzwas found to be the optimal agricultural production practice for giving full play to production potential and achieving higher peanut yield.
基金The authors wish to thank the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977159).
文摘The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the seasonality and physicochemical properties of the river water after mine closure were evaluated,and the feasibility of irrigation using river water and the degree of pollution to farmland were assessed using the Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation.The results show that the mine water has low pH value(<3.5-4)and high levels of total hardness,SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,Al,and Zn.In addition,the pH of the mine water is negatively correlated with the presence of other metal ions.The correlation coefficient between the chemical oxygen demand(COD)and Fe reached 0.989.While the pollution levels of Pinglu and Baishui rivers were low,the confluence region of the two rivers was seriously polluted.However,only the levels of Fe and Cd slightly exceeded the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard after the confluence of Yudong and Chongan rivers.Overall,the heavy pollution type of the confluent river is consistent with mine water pollution.The water quality is slightly better in the dry season compared than in the high-water period.Sulfate and Fe content decreased by 39 and 16 mg/L,respectively,and Cd content decreased two-fold.Despite these findings,this study shows that from 2017 to 2018,the pH and Cd content of the rivers at the confluence exceeded the irrigation limit and the water quality continued to deteriorate,which may pose a soil contamination risk.Long-term use of the river for irrigation water may cause toxic elements such as Cd,Fe,Mn,SO_(4)^(2−),Al,and F-to enter the food chain,thereby endangering the life and health of villagers in Yudong River area.
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently been shown to enhance protective immunity against PRRSV infection in piglets when used in combination with PRRS modified live vaccines (MLV). In this study, we explored the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of protection of MontanideTM Gel01 ST (Gel01) adjuvanted modified live PRRSV vaccine in pigs challenged with two genetically distinct strains of PRRSV. Gel01-MLV reduced lymph node pathology scores in pigs challenged with VR-2332 (parental strain of MLV vaccine) but not that in pigs challenged with MN184A (heterologous strain), when compared to that in pigs vaccinated with un-adjuvanted MLV. Pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had higher levels of PRRS-specific antibodies, as measured by IDEXX ELISA and virus neutralizing antibodies, after vaccination and VR-2332 challenge. In addition, pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and T-regulatory lymphocytes in the blood as compared to that in pigs vaccinated with MLV alone. Interestingly, we found that addition of Gel01 did not change the profile of other T lymphocyte populations after PRRSV challenge. These results demonstrate that the MLV adjuvanted with Gel01 provides enhanced protection against homologous PRRSV infection, possibly by regulating the production of PRRSV-specific antibodies and cytokines involved in the development of T-regulatory cells. Thus, Gel01 ST is a promising adjuvant that can be formulated with PRRSV MLV vaccines to reduce disease severity and tissue damage caused by PRRSV infection in pigs.
基金Supported by the NSFC(21576206)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R46)
文摘The solubilities of trimethylolethane in butanol,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate as well as in mixed solvents of(methanol+ethyl acetate) and(ethanol+ethyl acetate) were measured with the gravimetric method in the temperature range from 283.15 K to 318.15 K under atmosphere pressure.The experiment results showed that the solubility of trimethylolethane increased with the temperature,or along with the concentration of methanol or ethanol in the solvents of(methanol+ethyl acetate) and(ethanol + ethyl acetate).In addition,the experiment values were correlated by the van't Hoff equation,Modi fied Apelblat Equation,λh Equation,CNIBS/R-K equation and Jouyban–Acree Model.The Modi fied Apelblat Equation provided the best fitting results of the solubility data of TME in the pure solvents while the CNIBS/R-K model showed the best estimation of the solubility in the binary solvent mixtures.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT) calculations showed that solubility in different solvents related to the strength of the interaction between the trimethylolethane and the solvent molecules.Finally,the standard molar enthalpy and molar entropy of trimethylolethane during the dissolving process was also calculated by Modi fied Apelblat equation in this work.
文摘The research takes three fundamental Internet Academic Journals (IAJ), which are China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP) and Beijing Wanfang Data Co., Ltd. (WFD), as subjects to discuss digital publishing mechanism innovations for China’s science information communication system. After introducing main Internet environment, comparing journal characteristics, and explaining publishing & operation modes of the IAJs, the paper analyses important issues such as redundant contents, digitalization issues, illegal journals, standards construction, copyright and benefit distribution. By learning from research practices and open access, a new benefit distribution and copyright management mode based on the Third Party Agency (TPA) is proposed. Future IAJs operation modes are also discussed from the view of scientific research innovation and state of the art platform construction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52038005 and 52278342)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China (Grant No.23JCJQJC00160).
文摘The ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)correlates significantly with the density and pore size of subgrade filling materials.This research conducts numerous Proctor and UPV tests to examine how moisture and rock content affect compaction quality.The study measures the changes in UPV across dry density and compaction characteristics.The compacted specimens exhibit distinct microstructures and mechanical properties along the dry and wet sides of the compaction curve,primarily influenced by internal water molecules.The maximum dry density exhibits a positive correlation with the rock content,while the optimal moisture content demonstrates an inverse relationship.As the rock content increases,the relative error of UPV measurement rises.The UPV follows a hump-shaped pattern with the initial moisture content.Three intelligent models are established to forecast dry density.The measure of UPV and PSO-BP-NN model quickly assesses compaction quality.
基金The authors are grateful to the Xuzhou Key Social Research and Development Program(KC18134)for providing fnancial support for this study。
文摘In response to the basic policy of green and low-carbon circular development to solve resource,environmental and ecological problems,gypsum is considered to be a flling material for mine backflling.To explore the potential risks of gypsum to the groundwater environment due to the backflling of abandoned mines,a sequential batch leaching experiment was carried out in this paper,which used three types of industrial waste gypsum,namely,phosphorus gypsum(PG),titanium gypsum(TG)and fue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG).COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software was used to simulate and solve the migration process of the leached metal elements in the mine foor when these three gypsum types were used as flling materials to observe the concentration distributions and difusion distances of the metal elements from these three gypsum types in the mine foor.The results show that(1)during repeated contact of the three types of industrial waste gypsum with the leaching medium,the pH levels changed,and the changes in pH afected the leaching patterns for the heavy metal elements in the gypsum.(2)Based on the concentrations of the metal elements that were leached from the three types of gypsum,it can be determined that these three types of gypsum are not classifed as hazardous solid wastes,but they cannot be ruled out with regard to their risk to the groundwater environment when they are used as mine flling materials.(3)When the three types of gypsum are used as flling materials,the concentration distributions of the metal elements and their migration distances all exhibit signifcant changes over time.The concentration distributions,difusion rates and migration distances of the metal elements from the diferent gypsum types are afected by their initial concentrations in the leachate.The maximum migration distances of Zn in the foor from the PG,FGDG and TG are 8.2,8.1 and 7.5 m,respectively.
基金supported in part by the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024GX-YBXM-082)in part by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023-JC-JQ-56)+2 种基金in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.QTZX23076,XJSJ25014)in part by the funding of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3604400)in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021TQ0256).
文摘In this letter,we demonstrate the effect ofγirradiation on the lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)with self-terminated recessed anode structure and low work-function metal tungsten(W)as anode.For a comprehensive evaluation of the radiation-resistance performance of the device,the total dose ofγirradiation is up to 100 kGy with irradiation time of 20 h.Attributed to the barrier lowering effect of the W/GaN interface induced byγirradiation observed in the experiment,the extracted turnon voltage(VON)defined at anode forward current of 1 mA decreases from 0.47 to 0.43 V.Meanwhile,benefiting from the reinforced Schottky interface treated by post-anode-annealing,a high breakdown voltage(BV)of 1.75 kV is obtained for theγ-irradiated AlGaN/GaN SBD,which shows the promising application for the deep-space radiation environment and promotes the development of radiation-resistance research for GaN SBDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241044)Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302)+2 种基金China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund(CI2023E002)Sichuan Province Natural Science Foundation of China(2022NSFSC1688)Guizhou Province Science and Technology Support Program of China(Qiankehezhongyindi[2024]006-1 and Qiankehezhicheng[2022]Yiban 105)。
文摘The flowering time is a key trait that determines adaptation,yield and quality of crops.Adlay,a traditional cereal crop,has developed a distinctive agricultural industry in Southwest China and Southeast Asian countries.However,the currently planted varieties are all semi-domesticated landraces with delayed flowering and excessive height.These defects limit yield improvement per unit area and mechanized harvesting.In this study,a major QTL associated with flowering time and plant height in adlay has been mapped and identified as Cl CCT,a gene having a conserved function and regulatory pathway for inhibiting flowering time and increasing plant height in gramineous crops.Among the six identified haplotypes of Cl CCT,the haplotype with 38-bp insertion in promoter region of Cl CCT has earlier flowering time and wider geographical distribution than other haplotypes.The insertion variation,which arises from the segmental duplication of Cl CCT,can inhibit the expression level of reporter gene and has been used in breeding for early maturity and dwarfing.These research results not only reinforce our understanding of the importance of CCT domain protein in the tropical crops adapting to high-latitude environment,but also provide a validated breeding target for the early maturity and dwarfing of adlay.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1201802)the Shandong Key R&D Program,China(2022CXGC010607)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202109)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP2017-ICS)the Subproject of the Major Project of Science and Technology in Shanxi Province,China(202201140601025-1-02)。
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.
