Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with cancer.However,no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population.A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-t...Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with cancer.However,no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population.A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-to-use is needed.Based on the previous 25 nutrition-screening tools,the Delphi method was made by the members of the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology to choose the most useful item from each category.According to these results,we built a nutrition-screening tool named age,intake,weight,and walking(AIWW).Malnutrition was defined based on the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA).Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Kendall tau coefficient and kappa consistency between the malnutrition risks of AIWW,nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS-2002),and malnutrition screening tool(MST).Clinical benefit was calculated by the decision curve analysis(DCA),integrated discrimination improvement(IDI),and continuous net reclassification improvement(c NRI).A total of 11,360 patients(male,n=6,024(53.0%)were included in the final study cohort,and 6,363 patients had malnutrition based on PG-SGA.Based on AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST,7,545,3,469,and1,840 patients were at risk of malnutrition,respectively.The sensitivities of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.910,0.531,and 0.285,and the specificities were 0.768,0.946,and 0.975.The Kendall tau coefficients of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.588,0.501,and 0.326,respectively.The area under the curve of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were0.785,0.739,and 0.630,respectively.The IDI,c NRI,and DCA showed that AIWW is non-inferior to NRS-2002(IDI:0.002(-0.009,0.013),c NRI:-0.015(-0.049,0.020)).AIWW scores can also predict the survival of patients with cancer.The missed diagnosis rates of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST were 0.09%,49.0%,and 73.2%,respectively.AIWW showed a better nutritionscreening effect than NRS-2002 and MST for patients with cancer and could be recommended as an alternative nutritionscreening tool for this population.展开更多
Background:Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii).The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T.gondii in the soil and to grasp the relat...Background:Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii).The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T.gondii in the soil and to grasp the relationships between the contamination of soil and chicken infections.Methods:PCR method based on T.gondii-conserved gene internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS-1)as target gene and ELISA method(sGRA8-ELISA)using the recombinant protein of shortened GRA8 gene of T.gondii as antigen were developed and applied.From April 2013 to March 2014,a total of 700 soil samples were collected at various sites located in thirty farms categorized as free range farm and scale farm in Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,in different seasons.Additionally,a total of 350 sera of chickens were collected from free range farms to determine the presence of antibodies against T.gondii using sGRA8-ELISA.Results:The serological results showed that,antibodies were found in 194 of 250(67.14%)samples from farms with T.gondii positive in soil and 41 of 100 samples from farms with T.gondii negative in soil(41.00%)(P<0.01).The PCR detection of soil samples showed that,7(2.0%)of 350 samples collected from feeding zone in free range farms were found positive of T.gondii,whereas no sample was positive in scale farms.In the seasonal detections,T.gondii was found in 6(3.33%)samples collected in autumn and 1(0.56%)collected in winter.Conclusions:The results indicated that the contamination of T.gondii in soil in the free range farms was higher than that in the scale farms and seroprevalence of T.gondii in chickens in the farm with soil contamination was higher than that with no soil contamination.The soil contamination might be an effective indicator of T.gondii infection in chickens.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(D181100000218004)General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province(ZX2019-03-03)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2009600)。
文摘Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with cancer.However,no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population.A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-to-use is needed.Based on the previous 25 nutrition-screening tools,the Delphi method was made by the members of the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology to choose the most useful item from each category.According to these results,we built a nutrition-screening tool named age,intake,weight,and walking(AIWW).Malnutrition was defined based on the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA).Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Kendall tau coefficient and kappa consistency between the malnutrition risks of AIWW,nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS-2002),and malnutrition screening tool(MST).Clinical benefit was calculated by the decision curve analysis(DCA),integrated discrimination improvement(IDI),and continuous net reclassification improvement(c NRI).A total of 11,360 patients(male,n=6,024(53.0%)were included in the final study cohort,and 6,363 patients had malnutrition based on PG-SGA.Based on AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST,7,545,3,469,and1,840 patients were at risk of malnutrition,respectively.The sensitivities of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.910,0.531,and 0.285,and the specificities were 0.768,0.946,and 0.975.The Kendall tau coefficients of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were 0.588,0.501,and 0.326,respectively.The area under the curve of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST risks were0.785,0.739,and 0.630,respectively.The IDI,c NRI,and DCA showed that AIWW is non-inferior to NRS-2002(IDI:0.002(-0.009,0.013),c NRI:-0.015(-0.049,0.020)).AIWW scores can also predict the survival of patients with cancer.The missed diagnosis rates of AIWW,NRS-2002,and MST were 0.09%,49.0%,and 73.2%,respectively.AIWW showed a better nutritionscreening effect than NRS-2002 and MST for patients with cancer and could be recommended as an alternative nutritionscreening tool for this population.
基金This work was supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Agriculture of China(200903036-04)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD).
文摘Background:Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii).The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T.gondii in the soil and to grasp the relationships between the contamination of soil and chicken infections.Methods:PCR method based on T.gondii-conserved gene internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS-1)as target gene and ELISA method(sGRA8-ELISA)using the recombinant protein of shortened GRA8 gene of T.gondii as antigen were developed and applied.From April 2013 to March 2014,a total of 700 soil samples were collected at various sites located in thirty farms categorized as free range farm and scale farm in Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,in different seasons.Additionally,a total of 350 sera of chickens were collected from free range farms to determine the presence of antibodies against T.gondii using sGRA8-ELISA.Results:The serological results showed that,antibodies were found in 194 of 250(67.14%)samples from farms with T.gondii positive in soil and 41 of 100 samples from farms with T.gondii negative in soil(41.00%)(P<0.01).The PCR detection of soil samples showed that,7(2.0%)of 350 samples collected from feeding zone in free range farms were found positive of T.gondii,whereas no sample was positive in scale farms.In the seasonal detections,T.gondii was found in 6(3.33%)samples collected in autumn and 1(0.56%)collected in winter.Conclusions:The results indicated that the contamination of T.gondii in soil in the free range farms was higher than that in the scale farms and seroprevalence of T.gondii in chickens in the farm with soil contamination was higher than that with no soil contamination.The soil contamination might be an effective indicator of T.gondii infection in chickens.
